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Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Foreword: Brains, Hearts, Guts, and Genitals; Preface; Reference; Acknowledgments; Share Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains; Chapter 1: Why Do We Need Critical Thinking?; Knowledge and Empowerment; Justification; Relativism; If Actions Matter, Beliefs Do Too; Opinions, Beliefs, and Knowledge; Opinions and Beliefs; Knowledge; Justification of Beliefs; What's the Point of Critical Thinking?; The High-Ground Answer; The Middle-Ground Answer; The Low-Ground Answer; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References
Chapter 2: What Is Science?Hype Versus Hypotheses; Science: Not Always "Common Sense"; What Is Science?; Building Blocks of the Scientific Method; Scientific Reasoning; An Example; Induction and Deduction; Verification and Falsification; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 3: What Is Pseudoscience?; Why Is this a Problem?; The Demarcation Problem; Tips for Identifying Pseudoscience; Sensationalism and Oversimplification; Press Releases, Jargon, and "Churnalism"; Conflicts of Interest; Anecdotal Evidence; Small and/or Unrepresentative Sample Sizes; Cherry-Picking
No Control Group, No Blind Testing; The Limits of Science; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 4: What Is Critical Thinking?; What Is a Skeptic?; Optimal, Not Perfect, Decisions; The Space of Reasons; Argument and Argumentation; Arguments and Nonarguments; A Global Debate; Critical Thinking-A Skeptic's Guide; Extraordinary Claims; Falsifiability; Occam's Razor and Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses; Fallacies; Engaging With Fallacies; Induction Versus Deduction; Logic and Truth Preservation; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References
Chapter 5: Why Can't We Trust Our Brains?The Logically Illogical Brain; Confirmation Bias; Belief Perseverance; Hindsight Bias; Representative Heuristic; Availability Heuristic; Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristics; Getting Something from Nothing; Backmasking; The Face of a Martian; Religious Imagery in Unusual Places; Sports Curses and Jinxes; Seeing Because of Believing; Backmasking Unmasked; Jesus, Martian, and Joseph!; Statistical Unjinxing; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 6: Why Can't We Trust Our World?; Confirmation Bias and Motivated Reasoning
The Backfire Effect; Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers; Moral Panics and Dietary Hyperbole; Is Sugar Addictive?; Pressure to Publish Scientific Research and Press Releases; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 7: Aliens, Abductions, and UFOs; Life Outside of Earth; Aliens Throughout History; Betty and Barney Hill's Abduction; Critical Thinking About Abduction Claims; Ancient Aliens and Modern Crashes; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 8: Psychic Powers and Talking to the Dead; Types of Psychic Powers; PSI Research and the Rise of Parapsychology
Critically Examining PSI Positive Research
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Critical thinking, science, and pseudoscience : why we can't trust our brains / / Caleb W. Lack, Jacques Rousseau ; acquisitions editor Nancy Hale
