Autore	Lénat Jean-François
Edizione	[1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	London : , : ISTE Editions Ltd., , 2022
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (258 pages)
Collana	Sciences
Soggetto topico	Volcanology Volcanic eruptions
ISBN	9781789490435 9781789480436
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	fre
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910915879303321

Autore	Lénat Jean-François
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2022
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (255 pages)
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-394-16335-5 1-394-16327-4
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Understanding the Geological History of Volcanoes: An Essential Prerequisite to Their Monitoring -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.1.1. Historical volcanology at the crossroads of various disciplines: the example of the Samalas eruption in 1257 -- 1.1.2. Hazard characterization, geological analysis and future eruptive scenarios -- 1.1.3. Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980 -- 1.1.4. Lessons learned from the eruption of Mount St. Helens -- 1.1.5. The diversity of eruptive regimes -- 1.2. Relative and absolute dating and the importance of timescales: chronology of eruptions -- 1.3. Frequency of eruptions, eruptive cycles and future eruption scenarios -- 1.4. Historical activity through texts, iconography and archeology -- 1.5. The work of the pioneers -- 1.5.1. Alfred Lacroix -- 1.5.2. Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent -- 1.5.3. William Hamilton -- 1.6. The contribution of old maps -- 1.7. Volcanic archeology -- 1.8. Eruptive dynamics, types of eruptions, structural evolution: the use of volcanic "archives" through geological field interp -- 1.9. Structural framework and evolution -- 1.10. The use of distant archives -- 1.10.1. The record of large eruptions in marine and lake sediments -- 1.10.2. The recording of large eruptions in ice cores -- 1.11. From the knowledge of a volcano's past to the identification of an operational monitoring strategy and the assessment of volcanic risks -- 1.12. Conclusion -- 1.13. References -- 2. Volcanic Hazards -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Eruptive hazards -- 2.2.1. Earthquakes of magmatic and volcano-tectonic origin -- 2.2.2. Outgassing phenomena -- 2.2.3. Lava flows -- 2.2.4. Tephra -- 2.2.5. Atmospheric pressure waves -- 2.2.6. Pyroclastic density currents -- 2.3. Indirect volcanic hazards. 2.3.1. Lahars and associated flows -- 2.3.2. Prevention of lahars -- 2.3.3. Landslides and debris avalanches -- 2.3.4. Tsunamis -- 2.4. References -- 3. Assessment, Delineation of Hazard Zones and Modeling of Volcanic Hazards -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Terminology -- 3.3. Objectives of volcanic hazard assessment and delineation of hazard zones -- 3.4. The main volcanic hazards and their effects -- 3.4.1. Temporal and spatial scales of hazards -- 3.4.2. Existing hazard classifications and their criteria -- 3.5. Multi-hazard delineation methods for volcanoes -- 3.5.1. Specificity and complexity of volcanic hazard delineation -- 3.5.2. Principles of hazard delineation -- 3.5.3. The graphic expression of delineation of hazard zones: the hazard maps -- 3.5.4. Pioneering tests: Nevado del Ruiz (1985) and Mount Pelée (1985-1995) -- 3.5.5. Development of mapping techniques in the 1990s to 2000 -- 3.6. New approaches to modeling and quantitative analysis -- 3.6.1. Evolution of delineation methods: DTM, GIS and digital codes -- 3.6.2. The statistical, probabilistic and evolutionary representation of delineation of hazard zones -- 3.6.3. Large-scale delineation of hazard zones -- 3.7. Conclusion -- 3.8. References -- 4. History of Volcanic Monitoring and Development of Methods -- 4.1. Qualitative observation -- 4.1.1. Maps and charts -- 4.1.2. Quantitative data and insights into volcanic mechanisms -- 4.2. The development of instrumental surveillance: late 19th- early 20th centuries to 1970s -- 4.2.1. Volcanic observatories -- 4.2.2. The modern period: impact of digital and space -- 4.3. Acknowledgments -- 4.4. References -- List of Authors -- Index -- EULA.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910590091703321

Autore	Lénat Jean-François
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2022
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (332 pages)
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-394-16961-2 1-394-16959-0
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Seismic Monitoring of Volcanoes and Eruption Forecasting -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Instrumentation and seismic networks -- 1.2.1. Measurement systems -- 1.2.2. Sensors -- 1.2.3. Monitoring network -- 1.3. Types of seismic-volcanic events -- 1.3.1. Introduction -- 1.3.2. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VT, A-type, high-frequency, HF) -- 1.3.3. Long-period earthquakes (LP, B-type, low-frequency, LF) -- 1.3.4. Hybrid earthquakes (C-type, multiphase, MP) -- 1.3.5. Explosions -- 1.3.6. Very long-period (VLP or VLF) and ultra-long-period (ULP) events -- 1.3.7. Volcanic tremor -- 1.3.8. Surficial phenomena -- 1.3.9. Distortions in seismic signals -- 1.4. Volcanic seismicity -- 1.4.1. Main characteristics -- 1.4.2. Pre-eruptive seismic activity, precursors -- 1.4.3. Generic models of seismic-volcanic swarms and pre-eruptive seismicity -- 1.5. Processing of seismic-volcanic signals -- 1.5.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2. Seismograms -- 1.5.3. Event detection -- 1.5.4. RSAM, RSEM, SSAM -- 1.5.5. Spectral analysis -- 1.5.6. Polarization -- 1.5.7. Correlation -- 1.5.8. Determination of the Base Level Noise Seismic Spectrum -- 1.5.9. Automatic classification -- 1.6. Network data analysis -- 1.6.1. Determination of velocity models -- 1.6.2. Location of seismic sources -- 1.6.3. Seismic moment tensor inversion -- 1.6.4. Array analysis -- 1.6.5. Coda wave interferometry -- 1.7. Forecasting eruptions -- 1.7.1. Introduction -- 1.7.2. Probabilistic forecasting -- 1.7.3. Short-term forecasting -- 1.8. The FFM method -- 1.8.1. Alert systems and volcanic crisis management -- 1.9. Case studies -- 1.9.1. Introduction -- 1.9.2. Kelud volcano, Java, Indonesia -- 1.9.3. The "centennial" eruption of Merapi volcano, 2010 -- 1.9.4. Piton de la Fournaise. 1.9.5. Phreatic eruptions -- 1.9.6. Discussion -- 1.10. Conclusion -- 1.11. References -- Chapter 2. Monitoring Volcano Deformation -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Phenomena at the origin of deformation -- 2.2.1. Deformation related to the inflation-deflation of magmatic reservoirs -- 2.2.2. Deformation related to magma ascent inside the conduits -- 2.2.3. Deformation of hydrothermal origin -- 2.2.4. Flank destabilization related to endogenous growth -- 2.2.5. Other sources of deformation -- 2.3. Deformation measurement techniques -- 2.3.1. Leveling measurements -- 2.3.2. Tilt measurements -- 2.3.3. Extensometry -- 2.3.4. Electronic Distance Measurement, trilateration -- 2.3.5. Volumetric strainmeters -- 2.3.6. Satellite positioning system, GNSS -- 2.3.7. InSAR -- 2.3.8. Stereophotogrammetry -- 2.3.9. Measurements at sea -- 2.4. Adequacy between deformation measurements and monitoring -- 2.5. Contributions and limitations of deformation modeling to the study of volcanoes -- 2.5.1. Reservoir models -- 2.5.2. Conduit models -- 2.5.3. Models without a priori assumptions on source shape -- 2.6. Perspectives: from operational monitoring to physical and predictive models -- 2.7. References -- Chapter 3. Volcano Monitoring by Remote Sensing -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Basic concepts in remote sensing -- 3.2.1. Passive and active sensors -- 3.2.2. Geostationary and Low Earth Orbit platforms -- 3.2.3. Electromagnetic spectrum -- 3.2.4. Terrestrial infrared radiation -- 3.2.5. Spectral resolution -- 3.3. Main available operating systems -- 3.4. Monitoring volcanic ash plumes -- 3.4.1. Methodology -- 3.4.2. List of main available sensors -- 3.4.3. Case studies: Etna and Eyjafjallajökull -- 3.5. Monitoring volcanic SO2 plumes -- 3.5.1. Methodology -- 3.5.2. Operational issues -- 3.5.3. Case studies: Holuhraun/Bárðarbunga -- 3.6. Lava flow monitoring. 3.6.1. Introduction -- 3.6.2. Methodology -- 3.6.3. Case studies: Piton de la Fournaise, 2015 -- 3.7. Future developments -- Chapter 4. Volcano Remote Sensing with Ground-Based Techniques -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Basic concepts in ground-based remote sensing relying on electromagnetic waves -- 4.2.1. Electromagnetic spectrum -- 4.2.2. Propagation of electromagnetic waves -- 4.2.3. Scattering and absorption -- 4.3. Ground remote sensing for the detection of volcanic gas -- 4.3.1. Introduction -- 4.3.2. Why become interested in volcanic degassing? -- 4.3.3. Measurement methods -- 4.3.4. Future developments -- 4.3.5. Conclusion -- 4.4. Ground-based IR remote sensing -- 4.4.1. History and development of ground-based thermal remote sensing instruments -- 4.4.2. Examples of thermal cameras used in volcanology -- 4.4.3. Physical principles -- 4.4.4. Characteristics and practical considerations for using thermal imaging instruments -- 4.5. Other volcano remote sensing methods with ground-based techniques -- 4.5.1. Introduction -- 4.5.2. The importance of monitoring ash plumes -- 4.5.3. Radars, operational tools -- 4.5.4. Monitoring proximal ash fallout: disdrometers -- 4.5.5. Monitoring of volcanic storms -- 4.5.6. Atmospheric lidars to probe low concentration ash clouds -- 4.5.7. Plume detection by GNSS networks -- 4.5.8. Monitoring topographic changes -- 4.5.9. Monitoring underwater volcanic activity by means of acoustic methods -- 4.6. Future developments -- 4.7. References -- List of Authors -- Index -- EULA.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910595592703321