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Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, England ; , : John Wiley & Sons, , c2007
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (398 p.)
Disciplina 681.2
681/.2
Altri autori (Persone) KuorilehtoMauri
Soggetto topico Sensor networks
Wireless LANs
ISBN 1-281-31821-3
9786611318215
0-470-51680-1
0-470-51679-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Preface xiii -- List of Abbreviations xv -- PART I INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1 Introduction 3 -- 1.1 Overview of Wireless Technologies 3 -- 1.2 TUTWSN 5 -- 1.3 Contents of the Book 6 -- PART II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS 7 -- 2 WSN Properties 9 -- 2.1 Characteristics of WSNs 9 -- 2.2 WSN Applications 11 -- 2.2.1 Commercial WSNs 12 -- 2.2.2 Research WSNs 14 -- 2.3 Requirements for WSNs 16 -- 3 Standards and Proposals 19 -- 3.1 Standards 19 -- 3.1.1 IEEE 1451 Standard 19 -- 3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 Standard 21 -- 3.2 Variations of Standards 28 -- 3.2.1 Wibree 28 -- 3.2.2 Z-Wave 28 -- 3.2.3 MiWi 28 -- 4 Sensor Node Platforms 29 -- 4.1 Platform Components 29 -- 4.1.1 Communication Subsystem 30 -- 4.1.2 Computing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.3 Sensing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.4 Power Subsystem 34 -- 4.2 Existing Platforms 36 -- 4.3 TUTWSN Platforms 39 -- 4.3.1 Temperature-sensing Platform 39 -- 4.3.2 SoC Node Prototype 43 -- 4.3.3 Ethernet Gateway Prototype 44 -- 4.4 Antenna Design 46 -- 4.4.1 Antenna Design Flow 46 -- 4.4.2 Planar Antenna Types 48 -- 4.4.3 Trade-Offs in Antenna Design 49 -- 5 Design of WSNs 51 -- 5.1 Design Dimensions 51 -- 5.2 WSN Design Flow 54 -- 5.3 Related Research on WSN Design 56 -- 5.3.1 WSN Design Methodologies 56 -- 5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods 60 -- 5.5 WSN Evaluation Tools 61 -- 5.5.1 Networking Oriented Simulators for WSN 61 -- 5.5.2 Sensor Node Simulators 62 -- 5.5.3 Analysis of Evaluation Tools 63 -- PART III WSN PROTOCOL STACK 67 -- 6 Protocol Stack Overview 69 -- 6.1 Outline of WSN Stack 69 -- 6.1.1 Physical Layer 70 -- 6.1.2 Data Link Layer 71 -- 6.1.3 Network Layer 71 -- 6.1.4 Transport Layer 71 -- 6.1.5 Application Layer 72 -- 7 MAC Protocols 73 -- 7.1 Requirements 73 -- 7.2 General MAC Approaches 75 -- 7.2.1 Contention Protocols 75 -- 7.2.2 Contention-free Protocols 77 -- 7.2.3 Multichannel Protocols 78 -- 7.3 WSN MAC Protocols 80 -- 7.3.1 Synchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 80 -- 7.3.2 Unsynchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 85 -- 7.3.3 Wake-up Radio Protocols 87.
7.3.4 Summary 88 -- 8 Routing Protocols 91 -- 8.1 Requirements 91 -- 8.2 Classifications 92 -- 8.3 Operation Principles 93 -- 8.3.1 Nodecentric Routing 93 -- 8.3.2 Data-centric Routing 94 -- 8.3.3 Location-based Routing 95 -- 8.3.4 Multipath Routing 97 -- 8.3.5 Negotiation-based Routing 97 -- 8.3.6 Query-based Routing 98 -- 8.3.7 Cost Field-based Routing 99 -- 8.4 Summary 101 -- 9 Middleware and Application Layer 103 -- 9.1 Motivation and Requirements 103 -- 9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches 105 -- 9.3 WSN Middleware Proposals 106 -- 9.3.1 Interfaces 106 -- 9.3.2 Virtual Machines 107 -- 9.3.3 Database Middlewares 107 -- 9.3.4 Mobile Agent Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.5 Application-driven Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.6 Programming Abstractions 109 -- 9.3.7 WSN Middleware Analysis 110 -- 10 Operating Systems 115 -- 10.1 Motivation and Requirements 115 -- 10.1.1 OS Services and Requirements 116 -- 10.1.2 Implementation Approaches 117 -- 10.2 Existing OSs 119 -- 10.2.1 Event-handler OSs 120 -- 10.2.2 Preemptive Multithreading OSs 121 -- 10.2.3 Analysis 121 -- 11 QoS Issues in WSN 125 -- 11.1 Traditional QoS 125 -- 11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs 125 -- 11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS 126 -- 11.4 QoS Support in Protocol Layers 128 -- 11.4.1 Application Layer 128 -- 11.4.2 Transport Layer 128 -- 11.4.3 Network Layer 129 -- 11.4.4 Data Link Layer 130 -- 11.4.5 Physical Layer 131 -- 11.5 Summary 131 -- 12 Security in WSNs 133 -- 12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures 133 -- 12.1.1 Passive Attacks 134 -- 12.1.2 Active Attacks 134 -- 12.2 Security Architectures for WSNs 135 -- 12.2.1 TinySec 135 -- 12.2.2 SPINS 136 -- 12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Security 136 -- 12.2.4 ZigBee Security 137 -- 12.2.5 Bluetooth Security 139 -- 12.3 Key Distribution in WSNs 140 -- 12.3.1 Public-key Cryptography 140 -- 12.3.2 Pre-distributed Keys 140 -- 12.3.3 Centralized Key Distribution 141 -- 12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations 142 -- PART IV TUTWSN 143 -- 13 TUTWSN MAC Protocol 145 -- 13.1 Network Topology 145.
13.2 Channel Access 147 -- 13.3 Frequency Division 149 -- 13.4 Advanced Mobility Support 152 -- 13.4.1 Proactive Distribution of Neighbor Information 153 -- 13.4.2 Neighbor-discovery Algorithm 154 -- 13.4.3 Measured Performance of ENDP Protocol 158 -- 13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic 159 -- 13.5.1 Slot Reservations within a Superframe 160 -- 13.5.2 On-demand Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.3 Traffic-adaptive Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.4 Performance Analysis 162 -- 13.6 TUTWSN MAC Optimization 165 -- 13.6.1 Reducing Radio Requirements 165 -- 13.6.2 Network Beacon Rate Optimization 170 -- 13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation 179 -- 13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC 180 -- 14 TUTWSN Routing Protocol 183 -- 14.1 Design and Implementation 183 -- 14.2 Related Work 183 -- 14.3 Cost-Aware Routing 184 -- 14.3.1 Sink-initiated Route Establishment 185 -- 14.3.2 Node-initiated Route Discovery 185 -- 14.3.3 Traffic Classification 186 -- 14.4 Implementation 187 -- 14.4.1 Protocol Architecture 187 -- 14.4.2 Implementation on TUTWSN MAC 188 -- 14.5 Measurement Results 188 -- 14.5.1 Network Parameter Configuration 189 -- 14.5.2 Network Build-up Time 189 -- 14.5.3 Distribution of Traffic 190 -- 14.5.4 End-to-end Delays 192 -- 15 TUTWSN API 193 -- 15.1 Design of TUTWSN API 194 -- 15.1.1 Gateway API 194 -- 15.1.2 Node API 196 -- 15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation 197 -- 15.2.1 Gateway API 198 -- 15.2.2 Node API 198 -- 15.3 TUTWSN API Evaluation 200 -- 15.3.1 Ease of Use 200 -- 15.3.2 Resource Consumption 200 -- 15.3.3 Operational Performance 201 -- 16 TUTWSN SensorOS 203 -- 16.1 SensorOS Design 203 -- 16.1.1 SensorOS Architecture 204 -- 16.1.2 OS Components 204 -- 16.2 SensorOS Implementation 206 -- 16.2.1 HAL Implementation 206 -- 16.2.2 Component Implementation 207 -- 16.3 SensorOS Performance Evaluation 210 -- 16.3.1 Resource Usage 210 -- 16.3.2 Context Switch Performance 210 -- 16.4 Lightweight Kernel Configuration 211 -- 16.4.1 Lightweight OS Architecture and Implementation 211.
16.4.2 Performance Evaluation 212 -- 16.5 SensorOS Bootloader Service 213 -- 16.5.1 SensorOS Bootloader Design Principles 213 -- 16.5.2 Bootloader Implementation 213 -- 17 Cross-layer Issues in TUTWSN 217 -- 17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration 217 -- 17.1.1 Application Layer 219 -- 17.1.2 Routing Layer 219 -- 17.1.3 MAC Layer 219 -- 17.1.4 Physical Layer 220 -- 17.1.5 Configuration Examples 220 -- 17.2 Piggybacking Data 223 -- 17.3 Self-configuration with Cross-layer Information 224 -- 17.3.1 Frequency and TDMA Selection 224 -- 17.3.2 Connectivity Maintenance 224 -- 17.3.3 Role Selection 225 -- 18 Protocol Analysis Models 227 -- 18.1 PHY Power Analysis 227 -- 18.2 Radio Energy Models 229 -- 18.2.1 TUTWSN Radio Energy Models 230 -- 18.2.2 ZigBee Radio Energy Models 232 -- 18.3 Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.1 TUTWSN Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.2 ZigBee Contention Models 235 -- 18.4 Node Operation Models 238 -- 18.4.1 TUTWSN Throughput Models 238 -- 18.4.2 ZigBee Throughput Models 239 -- 18.4.3 TUTWSN Power Consumption Models 240 -- 18.4.4 ZigBee Power Consumption Models 243 -- 18.5 Summary 245 -- 19 WISENES Design and Evaluation Environment 247 -- 19.1 Features 247 -- 19.2 WSN Design with WISENES 248 -- 19.3 WISENES Framework 249 -- 19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL 251 -- 19.3.2 WISENES Instantiation 252 -- 19.3.3 Central Simulation Control 253 -- 19.3.4 Transmission Medium 253 -- 19.3.5 Sensing Channel 254 -- 19.3.6 Sensor Node 254 -- 19.4 Existing WISENES Designs 256 -- 19.4.1 TUTWSN Stack 258 -- 19.4.2 ZigBee Stack 260 -- 19.5 WISENES Simulation Results 263 -- 19.5.1 Simulated Node Platforms 264 -- 19.5.2 Accuracy of Simulation Results 266 -- 19.5.3 Protocol Comparison Simulations 268 -- PART V DEPLOYMENT 277 -- 20 TUTWSN Deployments 279 -- 20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture 280 -- 20.1.1 WSN Server 281 -- 20.1.2 WSN and Gateway 282 -- 20.1.3 Database 282 -- 20.1.4 User Interfaces 282 -- 20.2 Network Self-diagnostics 283 -- 20.2.1 Problem Statement 283 -- 20.2.2 Implementation 284.
20.3 Security Experiments 290 -- 20.3.1 Experimental KDC-based Key Distribution and Authentication Scheme 291 -- 20.3.2 Implementation Experiments 291 -- 21 Sensing Applications 293 -- 21.1 Linear-position Metering 293 -- 21.1.1 Problem Statement 293 -- 21.1.2 Implementation 294 -- 21.1.3 Results 296 -- 21.2 Indoor-temperature Sensing 297 -- 21.2.1 WSN Node Design 298 -- 21.2.2 Results 298 -- 21.3 Environmental Monitoring 300 -- 21.3.1 Problem Statement 300 -- 21.3.2 Implementation 300 -- 21.3.3 Results 306 -- 22 Transfer Applications 313 -- 22.1 TCP/IP for TUTWSN 313 -- 22.1.1 Problem Statement 313 -- 22.1.2 Implementation 314 -- 22.1.3 Results 316 -- 22.2 Realtime High-performance WSN 318 -- 22.2.1 Problem Statement 318 -- 22.2.2 Implementation 318 -- 22.2.3 Results 324 -- 23 Tracking Applications 327 -- 23.1 Surveillance System 327 -- 23.1.1 Problem Statement 328 -- 23.1.2 Surveillance WSN Design 328 -- 23.1.3 WSN Prototype Implementation 331 -- 23.1.4 Surveillance WSN Implementation on TUTWSN Prototypes 332 -- 23.2 Indoor Positioning 334 -- 23.2.1 Problem Statement 335 -- 23.2.2 Implementation 335 -- 23.3 Team Game Management 342 -- 23.3.1 Problem Statement 343 -- 23.3.2 Implementation 343 -- 23.3.3 Example Application Scenario 345 -- PART VI CONCLUSIONS 349 -- 24 Conclusions 351 -- References 353 -- Index 369.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910144583403321
Chichester, England ; , : John Wiley & Sons, , c2007
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, England ; , : John Wiley & Sons, , c2007
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (398 p.)
Disciplina 681.2
681/.2
Altri autori (Persone) KuorilehtoMauri
Soggetto topico Sensor networks
Wireless LANs
ISBN 1-281-31821-3
9786611318215
0-470-51680-1
0-470-51679-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Preface xiii -- List of Abbreviations xv -- PART I INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1 Introduction 3 -- 1.1 Overview of Wireless Technologies 3 -- 1.2 TUTWSN 5 -- 1.3 Contents of the Book 6 -- PART II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS 7 -- 2 WSN Properties 9 -- 2.1 Characteristics of WSNs 9 -- 2.2 WSN Applications 11 -- 2.2.1 Commercial WSNs 12 -- 2.2.2 Research WSNs 14 -- 2.3 Requirements for WSNs 16 -- 3 Standards and Proposals 19 -- 3.1 Standards 19 -- 3.1.1 IEEE 1451 Standard 19 -- 3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 Standard 21 -- 3.2 Variations of Standards 28 -- 3.2.1 Wibree 28 -- 3.2.2 Z-Wave 28 -- 3.2.3 MiWi 28 -- 4 Sensor Node Platforms 29 -- 4.1 Platform Components 29 -- 4.1.1 Communication Subsystem 30 -- 4.1.2 Computing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.3 Sensing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.4 Power Subsystem 34 -- 4.2 Existing Platforms 36 -- 4.3 TUTWSN Platforms 39 -- 4.3.1 Temperature-sensing Platform 39 -- 4.3.2 SoC Node Prototype 43 -- 4.3.3 Ethernet Gateway Prototype 44 -- 4.4 Antenna Design 46 -- 4.4.1 Antenna Design Flow 46 -- 4.4.2 Planar Antenna Types 48 -- 4.4.3 Trade-Offs in Antenna Design 49 -- 5 Design of WSNs 51 -- 5.1 Design Dimensions 51 -- 5.2 WSN Design Flow 54 -- 5.3 Related Research on WSN Design 56 -- 5.3.1 WSN Design Methodologies 56 -- 5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods 60 -- 5.5 WSN Evaluation Tools 61 -- 5.5.1 Networking Oriented Simulators for WSN 61 -- 5.5.2 Sensor Node Simulators 62 -- 5.5.3 Analysis of Evaluation Tools 63 -- PART III WSN PROTOCOL STACK 67 -- 6 Protocol Stack Overview 69 -- 6.1 Outline of WSN Stack 69 -- 6.1.1 Physical Layer 70 -- 6.1.2 Data Link Layer 71 -- 6.1.3 Network Layer 71 -- 6.1.4 Transport Layer 71 -- 6.1.5 Application Layer 72 -- 7 MAC Protocols 73 -- 7.1 Requirements 73 -- 7.2 General MAC Approaches 75 -- 7.2.1 Contention Protocols 75 -- 7.2.2 Contention-free Protocols 77 -- 7.2.3 Multichannel Protocols 78 -- 7.3 WSN MAC Protocols 80 -- 7.3.1 Synchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 80 -- 7.3.2 Unsynchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 85 -- 7.3.3 Wake-up Radio Protocols 87.
7.3.4 Summary 88 -- 8 Routing Protocols 91 -- 8.1 Requirements 91 -- 8.2 Classifications 92 -- 8.3 Operation Principles 93 -- 8.3.1 Nodecentric Routing 93 -- 8.3.2 Data-centric Routing 94 -- 8.3.3 Location-based Routing 95 -- 8.3.4 Multipath Routing 97 -- 8.3.5 Negotiation-based Routing 97 -- 8.3.6 Query-based Routing 98 -- 8.3.7 Cost Field-based Routing 99 -- 8.4 Summary 101 -- 9 Middleware and Application Layer 103 -- 9.1 Motivation and Requirements 103 -- 9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches 105 -- 9.3 WSN Middleware Proposals 106 -- 9.3.1 Interfaces 106 -- 9.3.2 Virtual Machines 107 -- 9.3.3 Database Middlewares 107 -- 9.3.4 Mobile Agent Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.5 Application-driven Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.6 Programming Abstractions 109 -- 9.3.7 WSN Middleware Analysis 110 -- 10 Operating Systems 115 -- 10.1 Motivation and Requirements 115 -- 10.1.1 OS Services and Requirements 116 -- 10.1.2 Implementation Approaches 117 -- 10.2 Existing OSs 119 -- 10.2.1 Event-handler OSs 120 -- 10.2.2 Preemptive Multithreading OSs 121 -- 10.2.3 Analysis 121 -- 11 QoS Issues in WSN 125 -- 11.1 Traditional QoS 125 -- 11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs 125 -- 11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS 126 -- 11.4 QoS Support in Protocol Layers 128 -- 11.4.1 Application Layer 128 -- 11.4.2 Transport Layer 128 -- 11.4.3 Network Layer 129 -- 11.4.4 Data Link Layer 130 -- 11.4.5 Physical Layer 131 -- 11.5 Summary 131 -- 12 Security in WSNs 133 -- 12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures 133 -- 12.1.1 Passive Attacks 134 -- 12.1.2 Active Attacks 134 -- 12.2 Security Architectures for WSNs 135 -- 12.2.1 TinySec 135 -- 12.2.2 SPINS 136 -- 12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Security 136 -- 12.2.4 ZigBee Security 137 -- 12.2.5 Bluetooth Security 139 -- 12.3 Key Distribution in WSNs 140 -- 12.3.1 Public-key Cryptography 140 -- 12.3.2 Pre-distributed Keys 140 -- 12.3.3 Centralized Key Distribution 141 -- 12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations 142 -- PART IV TUTWSN 143 -- 13 TUTWSN MAC Protocol 145 -- 13.1 Network Topology 145.
13.2 Channel Access 147 -- 13.3 Frequency Division 149 -- 13.4 Advanced Mobility Support 152 -- 13.4.1 Proactive Distribution of Neighbor Information 153 -- 13.4.2 Neighbor-discovery Algorithm 154 -- 13.4.3 Measured Performance of ENDP Protocol 158 -- 13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic 159 -- 13.5.1 Slot Reservations within a Superframe 160 -- 13.5.2 On-demand Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.3 Traffic-adaptive Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.4 Performance Analysis 162 -- 13.6 TUTWSN MAC Optimization 165 -- 13.6.1 Reducing Radio Requirements 165 -- 13.6.2 Network Beacon Rate Optimization 170 -- 13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation 179 -- 13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC 180 -- 14 TUTWSN Routing Protocol 183 -- 14.1 Design and Implementation 183 -- 14.2 Related Work 183 -- 14.3 Cost-Aware Routing 184 -- 14.3.1 Sink-initiated Route Establishment 185 -- 14.3.2 Node-initiated Route Discovery 185 -- 14.3.3 Traffic Classification 186 -- 14.4 Implementation 187 -- 14.4.1 Protocol Architecture 187 -- 14.4.2 Implementation on TUTWSN MAC 188 -- 14.5 Measurement Results 188 -- 14.5.1 Network Parameter Configuration 189 -- 14.5.2 Network Build-up Time 189 -- 14.5.3 Distribution of Traffic 190 -- 14.5.4 End-to-end Delays 192 -- 15 TUTWSN API 193 -- 15.1 Design of TUTWSN API 194 -- 15.1.1 Gateway API 194 -- 15.1.2 Node API 196 -- 15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation 197 -- 15.2.1 Gateway API 198 -- 15.2.2 Node API 198 -- 15.3 TUTWSN API Evaluation 200 -- 15.3.1 Ease of Use 200 -- 15.3.2 Resource Consumption 200 -- 15.3.3 Operational Performance 201 -- 16 TUTWSN SensorOS 203 -- 16.1 SensorOS Design 203 -- 16.1.1 SensorOS Architecture 204 -- 16.1.2 OS Components 204 -- 16.2 SensorOS Implementation 206 -- 16.2.1 HAL Implementation 206 -- 16.2.2 Component Implementation 207 -- 16.3 SensorOS Performance Evaluation 210 -- 16.3.1 Resource Usage 210 -- 16.3.2 Context Switch Performance 210 -- 16.4 Lightweight Kernel Configuration 211 -- 16.4.1 Lightweight OS Architecture and Implementation 211.
16.4.2 Performance Evaluation 212 -- 16.5 SensorOS Bootloader Service 213 -- 16.5.1 SensorOS Bootloader Design Principles 213 -- 16.5.2 Bootloader Implementation 213 -- 17 Cross-layer Issues in TUTWSN 217 -- 17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration 217 -- 17.1.1 Application Layer 219 -- 17.1.2 Routing Layer 219 -- 17.1.3 MAC Layer 219 -- 17.1.4 Physical Layer 220 -- 17.1.5 Configuration Examples 220 -- 17.2 Piggybacking Data 223 -- 17.3 Self-configuration with Cross-layer Information 224 -- 17.3.1 Frequency and TDMA Selection 224 -- 17.3.2 Connectivity Maintenance 224 -- 17.3.3 Role Selection 225 -- 18 Protocol Analysis Models 227 -- 18.1 PHY Power Analysis 227 -- 18.2 Radio Energy Models 229 -- 18.2.1 TUTWSN Radio Energy Models 230 -- 18.2.2 ZigBee Radio Energy Models 232 -- 18.3 Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.1 TUTWSN Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.2 ZigBee Contention Models 235 -- 18.4 Node Operation Models 238 -- 18.4.1 TUTWSN Throughput Models 238 -- 18.4.2 ZigBee Throughput Models 239 -- 18.4.3 TUTWSN Power Consumption Models 240 -- 18.4.4 ZigBee Power Consumption Models 243 -- 18.5 Summary 245 -- 19 WISENES Design and Evaluation Environment 247 -- 19.1 Features 247 -- 19.2 WSN Design with WISENES 248 -- 19.3 WISENES Framework 249 -- 19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL 251 -- 19.3.2 WISENES Instantiation 252 -- 19.3.3 Central Simulation Control 253 -- 19.3.4 Transmission Medium 253 -- 19.3.5 Sensing Channel 254 -- 19.3.6 Sensor Node 254 -- 19.4 Existing WISENES Designs 256 -- 19.4.1 TUTWSN Stack 258 -- 19.4.2 ZigBee Stack 260 -- 19.5 WISENES Simulation Results 263 -- 19.5.1 Simulated Node Platforms 264 -- 19.5.2 Accuracy of Simulation Results 266 -- 19.5.3 Protocol Comparison Simulations 268 -- PART V DEPLOYMENT 277 -- 20 TUTWSN Deployments 279 -- 20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture 280 -- 20.1.1 WSN Server 281 -- 20.1.2 WSN and Gateway 282 -- 20.1.3 Database 282 -- 20.1.4 User Interfaces 282 -- 20.2 Network Self-diagnostics 283 -- 20.2.1 Problem Statement 283 -- 20.2.2 Implementation 284.
20.3 Security Experiments 290 -- 20.3.1 Experimental KDC-based Key Distribution and Authentication Scheme 291 -- 20.3.2 Implementation Experiments 291 -- 21 Sensing Applications 293 -- 21.1 Linear-position Metering 293 -- 21.1.1 Problem Statement 293 -- 21.1.2 Implementation 294 -- 21.1.3 Results 296 -- 21.2 Indoor-temperature Sensing 297 -- 21.2.1 WSN Node Design 298 -- 21.2.2 Results 298 -- 21.3 Environmental Monitoring 300 -- 21.3.1 Problem Statement 300 -- 21.3.2 Implementation 300 -- 21.3.3 Results 306 -- 22 Transfer Applications 313 -- 22.1 TCP/IP for TUTWSN 313 -- 22.1.1 Problem Statement 313 -- 22.1.2 Implementation 314 -- 22.1.3 Results 316 -- 22.2 Realtime High-performance WSN 318 -- 22.2.1 Problem Statement 318 -- 22.2.2 Implementation 318 -- 22.2.3 Results 324 -- 23 Tracking Applications 327 -- 23.1 Surveillance System 327 -- 23.1.1 Problem Statement 328 -- 23.1.2 Surveillance WSN Design 328 -- 23.1.3 WSN Prototype Implementation 331 -- 23.1.4 Surveillance WSN Implementation on TUTWSN Prototypes 332 -- 23.2 Indoor Positioning 334 -- 23.2.1 Problem Statement 335 -- 23.2.2 Implementation 335 -- 23.3 Team Game Management 342 -- 23.3.1 Problem Statement 343 -- 23.3.2 Implementation 343 -- 23.3.3 Example Application Scenario 345 -- PART VI CONCLUSIONS 349 -- 24 Conclusions 351 -- References 353 -- Index 369.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830787403321
Chichester, England ; , : John Wiley & Sons, , c2007
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realization and deployment / / Mauri Kuorilehto ... [et al.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley & Sons, c2007
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (398 p.)
Disciplina 681/.2
Altri autori (Persone) KuorilehtoMauri
Soggetto topico Sensor networks
Wireless LANs
ISBN 1-281-31821-3
9786611318215
0-470-51680-1
0-470-51679-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- Preface xiii -- List of Abbreviations xv -- PART I INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1 Introduction 3 -- 1.1 Overview of Wireless Technologies 3 -- 1.2 TUTWSN 5 -- 1.3 Contents of the Book 6 -- PART II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS 7 -- 2 WSN Properties 9 -- 2.1 Characteristics of WSNs 9 -- 2.2 WSN Applications 11 -- 2.2.1 Commercial WSNs 12 -- 2.2.2 Research WSNs 14 -- 2.3 Requirements for WSNs 16 -- 3 Standards and Proposals 19 -- 3.1 Standards 19 -- 3.1.1 IEEE 1451 Standard 19 -- 3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 Standard 21 -- 3.2 Variations of Standards 28 -- 3.2.1 Wibree 28 -- 3.2.2 Z-Wave 28 -- 3.2.3 MiWi 28 -- 4 Sensor Node Platforms 29 -- 4.1 Platform Components 29 -- 4.1.1 Communication Subsystem 30 -- 4.1.2 Computing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.3 Sensing Subsystem 33 -- 4.1.4 Power Subsystem 34 -- 4.2 Existing Platforms 36 -- 4.3 TUTWSN Platforms 39 -- 4.3.1 Temperature-sensing Platform 39 -- 4.3.2 SoC Node Prototype 43 -- 4.3.3 Ethernet Gateway Prototype 44 -- 4.4 Antenna Design 46 -- 4.4.1 Antenna Design Flow 46 -- 4.4.2 Planar Antenna Types 48 -- 4.4.3 Trade-Offs in Antenna Design 49 -- 5 Design of WSNs 51 -- 5.1 Design Dimensions 51 -- 5.2 WSN Design Flow 54 -- 5.3 Related Research on WSN Design 56 -- 5.3.1 WSN Design Methodologies 56 -- 5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods 60 -- 5.5 WSN Evaluation Tools 61 -- 5.5.1 Networking Oriented Simulators for WSN 61 -- 5.5.2 Sensor Node Simulators 62 -- 5.5.3 Analysis of Evaluation Tools 63 -- PART III WSN PROTOCOL STACK 67 -- 6 Protocol Stack Overview 69 -- 6.1 Outline of WSN Stack 69 -- 6.1.1 Physical Layer 70 -- 6.1.2 Data Link Layer 71 -- 6.1.3 Network Layer 71 -- 6.1.4 Transport Layer 71 -- 6.1.5 Application Layer 72 -- 7 MAC Protocols 73 -- 7.1 Requirements 73 -- 7.2 General MAC Approaches 75 -- 7.2.1 Contention Protocols 75 -- 7.2.2 Contention-free Protocols 77 -- 7.2.3 Multichannel Protocols 78 -- 7.3 WSN MAC Protocols 80 -- 7.3.1 Synchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 80 -- 7.3.2 Unsynchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols 85 -- 7.3.3 Wake-up Radio Protocols 87.
7.3.4 Summary 88 -- 8 Routing Protocols 91 -- 8.1 Requirements 91 -- 8.2 Classifications 92 -- 8.3 Operation Principles 93 -- 8.3.1 Nodecentric Routing 93 -- 8.3.2 Data-centric Routing 94 -- 8.3.3 Location-based Routing 95 -- 8.3.4 Multipath Routing 97 -- 8.3.5 Negotiation-based Routing 97 -- 8.3.6 Query-based Routing 98 -- 8.3.7 Cost Field-based Routing 99 -- 8.4 Summary 101 -- 9 Middleware and Application Layer 103 -- 9.1 Motivation and Requirements 103 -- 9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches 105 -- 9.3 WSN Middleware Proposals 106 -- 9.3.1 Interfaces 106 -- 9.3.2 Virtual Machines 107 -- 9.3.3 Database Middlewares 107 -- 9.3.4 Mobile Agent Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.5 Application-driven Middlewares 108 -- 9.3.6 Programming Abstractions 109 -- 9.3.7 WSN Middleware Analysis 110 -- 10 Operating Systems 115 -- 10.1 Motivation and Requirements 115 -- 10.1.1 OS Services and Requirements 116 -- 10.1.2 Implementation Approaches 117 -- 10.2 Existing OSs 119 -- 10.2.1 Event-handler OSs 120 -- 10.2.2 Preemptive Multithreading OSs 121 -- 10.2.3 Analysis 121 -- 11 QoS Issues in WSN 125 -- 11.1 Traditional QoS 125 -- 11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs 125 -- 11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS 126 -- 11.4 QoS Support in Protocol Layers 128 -- 11.4.1 Application Layer 128 -- 11.4.2 Transport Layer 128 -- 11.4.3 Network Layer 129 -- 11.4.4 Data Link Layer 130 -- 11.4.5 Physical Layer 131 -- 11.5 Summary 131 -- 12 Security in WSNs 133 -- 12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures 133 -- 12.1.1 Passive Attacks 134 -- 12.1.2 Active Attacks 134 -- 12.2 Security Architectures for WSNs 135 -- 12.2.1 TinySec 135 -- 12.2.2 SPINS 136 -- 12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Security 136 -- 12.2.4 ZigBee Security 137 -- 12.2.5 Bluetooth Security 139 -- 12.3 Key Distribution in WSNs 140 -- 12.3.1 Public-key Cryptography 140 -- 12.3.2 Pre-distributed Keys 140 -- 12.3.3 Centralized Key Distribution 141 -- 12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations 142 -- PART IV TUTWSN 143 -- 13 TUTWSN MAC Protocol 145 -- 13.1 Network Topology 145.
13.2 Channel Access 147 -- 13.3 Frequency Division 149 -- 13.4 Advanced Mobility Support 152 -- 13.4.1 Proactive Distribution of Neighbor Information 153 -- 13.4.2 Neighbor-discovery Algorithm 154 -- 13.4.3 Measured Performance of ENDP Protocol 158 -- 13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic 159 -- 13.5.1 Slot Reservations within a Superframe 160 -- 13.5.2 On-demand Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.3 Traffic-adaptive Slot Reservation 161 -- 13.5.4 Performance Analysis 162 -- 13.6 TUTWSN MAC Optimization 165 -- 13.6.1 Reducing Radio Requirements 165 -- 13.6.2 Network Beacon Rate Optimization 170 -- 13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation 179 -- 13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC 180 -- 14 TUTWSN Routing Protocol 183 -- 14.1 Design and Implementation 183 -- 14.2 Related Work 183 -- 14.3 Cost-Aware Routing 184 -- 14.3.1 Sink-initiated Route Establishment 185 -- 14.3.2 Node-initiated Route Discovery 185 -- 14.3.3 Traffic Classification 186 -- 14.4 Implementation 187 -- 14.4.1 Protocol Architecture 187 -- 14.4.2 Implementation on TUTWSN MAC 188 -- 14.5 Measurement Results 188 -- 14.5.1 Network Parameter Configuration 189 -- 14.5.2 Network Build-up Time 189 -- 14.5.3 Distribution of Traffic 190 -- 14.5.4 End-to-end Delays 192 -- 15 TUTWSN API 193 -- 15.1 Design of TUTWSN API 194 -- 15.1.1 Gateway API 194 -- 15.1.2 Node API 196 -- 15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation 197 -- 15.2.1 Gateway API 198 -- 15.2.2 Node API 198 -- 15.3 TUTWSN API Evaluation 200 -- 15.3.1 Ease of Use 200 -- 15.3.2 Resource Consumption 200 -- 15.3.3 Operational Performance 201 -- 16 TUTWSN SensorOS 203 -- 16.1 SensorOS Design 203 -- 16.1.1 SensorOS Architecture 204 -- 16.1.2 OS Components 204 -- 16.2 SensorOS Implementation 206 -- 16.2.1 HAL Implementation 206 -- 16.2.2 Component Implementation 207 -- 16.3 SensorOS Performance Evaluation 210 -- 16.3.1 Resource Usage 210 -- 16.3.2 Context Switch Performance 210 -- 16.4 Lightweight Kernel Configuration 211 -- 16.4.1 Lightweight OS Architecture and Implementation 211.
16.4.2 Performance Evaluation 212 -- 16.5 SensorOS Bootloader Service 213 -- 16.5.1 SensorOS Bootloader Design Principles 213 -- 16.5.2 Bootloader Implementation 213 -- 17 Cross-layer Issues in TUTWSN 217 -- 17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration 217 -- 17.1.1 Application Layer 219 -- 17.1.2 Routing Layer 219 -- 17.1.3 MAC Layer 219 -- 17.1.4 Physical Layer 220 -- 17.1.5 Configuration Examples 220 -- 17.2 Piggybacking Data 223 -- 17.3 Self-configuration with Cross-layer Information 224 -- 17.3.1 Frequency and TDMA Selection 224 -- 17.3.2 Connectivity Maintenance 224 -- 17.3.3 Role Selection 225 -- 18 Protocol Analysis Models 227 -- 18.1 PHY Power Analysis 227 -- 18.2 Radio Energy Models 229 -- 18.2.1 TUTWSN Radio Energy Models 230 -- 18.2.2 ZigBee Radio Energy Models 232 -- 18.3 Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.1 TUTWSN Contention Models 234 -- 18.3.2 ZigBee Contention Models 235 -- 18.4 Node Operation Models 238 -- 18.4.1 TUTWSN Throughput Models 238 -- 18.4.2 ZigBee Throughput Models 239 -- 18.4.3 TUTWSN Power Consumption Models 240 -- 18.4.4 ZigBee Power Consumption Models 243 -- 18.5 Summary 245 -- 19 WISENES Design and Evaluation Environment 247 -- 19.1 Features 247 -- 19.2 WSN Design with WISENES 248 -- 19.3 WISENES Framework 249 -- 19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL 251 -- 19.3.2 WISENES Instantiation 252 -- 19.3.3 Central Simulation Control 253 -- 19.3.4 Transmission Medium 253 -- 19.3.5 Sensing Channel 254 -- 19.3.6 Sensor Node 254 -- 19.4 Existing WISENES Designs 256 -- 19.4.1 TUTWSN Stack 258 -- 19.4.2 ZigBee Stack 260 -- 19.5 WISENES Simulation Results 263 -- 19.5.1 Simulated Node Platforms 264 -- 19.5.2 Accuracy of Simulation Results 266 -- 19.5.3 Protocol Comparison Simulations 268 -- PART V DEPLOYMENT 277 -- 20 TUTWSN Deployments 279 -- 20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture 280 -- 20.1.1 WSN Server 281 -- 20.1.2 WSN and Gateway 282 -- 20.1.3 Database 282 -- 20.1.4 User Interfaces 282 -- 20.2 Network Self-diagnostics 283 -- 20.2.1 Problem Statement 283 -- 20.2.2 Implementation 284.
20.3 Security Experiments 290 -- 20.3.1 Experimental KDC-based Key Distribution and Authentication Scheme 291 -- 20.3.2 Implementation Experiments 291 -- 21 Sensing Applications 293 -- 21.1 Linear-position Metering 293 -- 21.1.1 Problem Statement 293 -- 21.1.2 Implementation 294 -- 21.1.3 Results 296 -- 21.2 Indoor-temperature Sensing 297 -- 21.2.1 WSN Node Design 298 -- 21.2.2 Results 298 -- 21.3 Environmental Monitoring 300 -- 21.3.1 Problem Statement 300 -- 21.3.2 Implementation 300 -- 21.3.3 Results 306 -- 22 Transfer Applications 313 -- 22.1 TCP/IP for TUTWSN 313 -- 22.1.1 Problem Statement 313 -- 22.1.2 Implementation 314 -- 22.1.3 Results 316 -- 22.2 Realtime High-performance WSN 318 -- 22.2.1 Problem Statement 318 -- 22.2.2 Implementation 318 -- 22.2.3 Results 324 -- 23 Tracking Applications 327 -- 23.1 Surveillance System 327 -- 23.1.1 Problem Statement 328 -- 23.1.2 Surveillance WSN Design 328 -- 23.1.3 WSN Prototype Implementation 331 -- 23.1.4 Surveillance WSN Implementation on TUTWSN Prototypes 332 -- 23.2 Indoor Positioning 334 -- 23.2.1 Problem Statement 335 -- 23.2.2 Implementation 335 -- 23.3 Team Game Management 342 -- 23.3.1 Problem Statement 343 -- 23.3.2 Implementation 343 -- 23.3.3 Example Application Scenario 345 -- PART VI CONCLUSIONS 349 -- 24 Conclusions 351 -- References 353 -- Index 369.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910877581103321
Chichester, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley & Sons, c2007
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