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International economics : theory and policy / / Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz
| International economics : theory and policy / / Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz |
| Autore | Krugman Paul R. |
| Edizione | [Tenth edition, global edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Boston, Massachusetts : , : Pearson, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (794 pages) : color illustrations, maps, charts |
| Disciplina | 332.042 |
| Collana |
Pearson Series in Economics
Always Learning |
| Soggetto topico |
International finance
International trade International economic relations |
| ISBN |
9781322070520
1-292-07454-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- What Is International Economics About? -- The Gains from Trade -- The Pattern of Trade -- How Much Trade? -- Balance of Payments -- Exchange Rate Determination -- International Policy Coordination -- The International Capital Market -- International Economics: Trade and Money -- Part 1 International Trade Theory -- 2 World Trade: An Overview -- Who Trades with Whom? -- Size Matters: The Gravity Model -- Using the Gravity Model: Looking for Anomalies -- Impediments to Trade: Distance, Barriers, and Borders -- The Changing Pattern of World Trade -- Has the World Gotten Smaller? -- What Do We Trade? -- Service Offshoring -- Do Old Rules Still Apply? -- Summary -- 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative The Ricardian Model -- The Concept of Comparative Advantage -- A One-Factor Economy -- Relative Prices and Supply -- Trade in a One-Factor World -- Determining the Relative Price after Trade -- Box: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Babe -- The Gains from Trade -- A Note on Relative Wages -- Box: The Losses from Nontrade -- Misconceptions about Comparative Advantage -- Productivity and Competitiveness -- Box: Do Wages Reflect Productivity? -- The Pauper Labor Argument -- Exploitation -- Comparative Advantage with Many Goods -- Setting Up the Model -- Relative Wages and Specialization -- Determining the Relative Wage in the Multigood Model -- Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded Goods -- Empirical Evidence on the Ricardian Model -- Summary -- 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution -- The Specific Factors Model -- Box: What Is a Specific Factor? -- Assumptions of the Model -- Production Possibilities -- Prices, Wages, and Labor Allocation -- Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income -- International Trade in the Specific Factors Model.
Income Distribution and the Gains from Trade -- The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View -- Income Distribution and Trade Politics -- Case study: Trade and Unemployment -- International Labor Mobility -- Case study: Wage Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration -- Case study: Foreign Workers: The Story of the GCC -- Summary -- Appendix: Further Details on Specific Factors -- Marginal and Total Product -- Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income -- 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model -- Model of a Two-Factor Economy -- Prices and Production -- Choosing the Mix of Inputs -- Factor Prices and Goods Prices -- Resources and Output -- Effects of International Trade between Two-Factor Economies -- Relative Prices and the Pattern of Trade -- Trade and the Distribution of Income -- Case study: North-South Trade and Income Inequality -- Case study: Skill-Biased Technological Change and Income Inequality -- Factor-Price Equalization -- Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model -- Trade in Goods as a Substitute for Trade in Factors: Factor Content of Trade -- Patterns of Exports between Developed and Developing Countries -- Implications of the Tests -- Summary -- Appendix: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Production Decisions -- Choice of Technique -- Goods Prices and Factor Prices -- More on Resources and Output -- 6 The Standard Trade Model -- A Standard Model of a Trading Economy -- Production Possibilities and Relative Supply -- Relative Prices and Demand -- The Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of Trade -- Determining Relative Prices -- Economic Growth: A Shift of the RS curve -- Growth and the Production Possibility Frontier -- World Relative Supply and the Terms of Trade -- International Effects of Growth -- Case study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrializing Countries Hurt Advanced Nations?. Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD. -- Relative Demand and Supply Effects of a Tariff -- Effects of an Export Subsidy -- Implications of Terms of Trade Effects: Who Gains and Who Loses? -- International Borrowing and Lending -- Intertemporal Production Possibilities and Trade -- The Real Interest Rate -- Intertemporal Comparative Advantage -- Summary -- Appendix: More on Intertemporal Trade -- 7 External Economies of Scale and the International -- Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview -- Economies of Scale and Market Structure -- The Theory of External Economies -- Specialized Suppliers -- Labor Market Pooling -- Knowledge Spillovers -- External Economies and Market Equilibrium -- External Economies and International Trade -- External Economies, Output, and Prices -- External Economies and the Pattern of Trade -- Box: Holding the World Together -- Trade and Welfare with External Economies -- Dynamic Increasing Returns -- Interregional Trade and Economic Geography -- Box: Tinseltown Economics -- Summary -- 8 Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions -- The Theory of Imperfect Competition -- Monopoly: A Brief Review -- Monopolistic Competition -- Monopolistic Competition and Trade -- The Effects of Increased Market Size -- Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example -- The Significance of Intra-Industry Trade -- Case study: The Emergence of the Turkish Automotive Industry -- Firm Responses to Trade: Winners, Losers, and Industry Performance -- Performance Differences across Producers -- The Effects of Increased Market Size -- Trade Costs and Export Decisions -- Dumping -- Case study: Antidumping as Protectionism -- Multinationals and Outsourcing -- Case study: Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment -- The Firm's Decision Regarding Foreign Direct Investment -- Outsourcing. Case study: Shipping Jobs Overseas? Offshoring -- Consequences of Multinationals and Foreign Outsourcing -- Summary -- Appendix: Determining Marginal Revenue -- Part 2 International Trade Policy -- 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy -- Basic Tariff Analysis -- Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry -- Effects of a Tariff -- Measuring the Amount of Protection -- Costs and Benefits of a Tariff -- Consumer and Producer Surplus -- Measuring the Costs and Benefits -- Box: Tariffs for the Long Haul -- Other Instruments of Trade Policy -- Export Subsidies: Theory -- Case study: Europe's Common Agricultural Policy -- Import Quotas: Theory -- Case study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar -- Voluntary Export Restraints -- Case study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice -- Local Content Requirements -- Box: Bridging the Gap -- Other Trade Policy Instruments -- The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary -- Summary -- Appendix: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly -- The Model with Free Trade -- The Model with a Tariff -- The Model with an Import Quota -- Comparing a Tariff and a Quota -- 10 The Political Economy of Trade Policy -- The Case for Free Trade -- Free Trade and Efficiency -- Additional Gains from Free Trade -- Rent Seeking -- Political Argument for Free Trade -- Case study: The Gains from 1992 -- National Welfare Arguments against Free Trade -- The Terms of Trade Argument for a Tariff -- The Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free Trade -- How Convincing Is the Market Failure Argument? -- Income Distribution and Trade Policy -- Electoral Competition -- Collective Action -- Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990s -- Modeling the Political Process -- Who Gets Protected? -- International Negotiations and Trade Policy -- The Advantages of Negotiation -- International Trade Agreements: A Brief History. The Uruguay Round -- Trade Liberalization -- Administrative Reforms: From the GATT to the WTO -- Benefits and Costs -- Box: Settling a Dispute-and Creating One -- Case study: The Salmon War -- The Doha Disappointment -- Box: Do Agricultural Subsidies Hurt the Third World? -- Preferential Trading Agreements -- Box: Free Trade Area versus Customs Union -- Box: Do Trade Preferences Have Appeal? -- Case study: Trade Diversion in South America -- Summary -- Appendix: Proving that the Optimum Tariff Is Positive -- Demand and Supply -- The Tariff and Prices -- The Tariff and Domestic Welfare -- 11 Trade Policy in Developing Countries -- Import-Substituting Industrialization -- The Infant Industry Argument -- Promoting Manufacturing Through Protection -- Case study: Mexico Abandons Import-Substituting -- Results of Favoring Manufacturing: Problems of Import -- Trade Liberalization since 1985 -- Trade and Growth: Takeoff in Asia -- Box: India's Boom -- Summary -- 12 Controversies in Trade Policy -- Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy -- Technology and Externalities -- Imperfect Competition and Strategic Trade Policy -- Box: A Warning from Intel's Founder -- Case study: When the Chips Were Up -- Globalization and Low-Wage Labor -- The Anti-Globalization Movement -- Trade and Wages Revisited -- Labor Standards and Trade Negotiations -- Environmental and Cultural Issues -- The WTO and National Independence -- case study: A Tragedy in Bangladesh -- Globalization and the Environment -- Globalization, Growth, and Pollution -- The Problem of "Pollution Havens" -- The Carbon Tariff Dispute -- Summary -- Part 3 Exchange Rates and Open-Economy Macroeconomics -- 13 National Income Accounting and the Balance -- The National Income Accounts -- National Product and National Income -- Capital Depreciation and International Transfers -- Gross Domestic Product. National Income Accounting for an Open Economy. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910154808103321 |
Krugman Paul R.
|
||
| Boston, Massachusetts : , : Pearson, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
International finance : theory and policy / / Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz
| International finance : theory and policy / / Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz |
| Autore | Krugman Paul R. |
| Edizione | [Tenth, Global edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , [2014] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (456 pages) : illustrations |
| Disciplina | 332.042 |
| Collana |
Always learning
Pearson series in economics |
| Soggetto topico | International finance |
| ISBN | 1-292-06540-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Brief Contents -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- What is International Economics About? -- The Gains from Trade -- The Pattern of Trade -- How Much Trade? -- Balance of Payments -- Exchange Rate Determination -- International Policy Coordination -- The International Capital Market -- International Economics: Trade and Money -- Part 1: Exchange Rates and Open-Economy Macroeconomics -- Chapter 2: National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments -- The National Income Accounts -- National Product and National Income -- Capital Depreciation and International Transfers -- Gross Domestic Product -- National Income Accounting for an Open Economy -- Consumption -- Investment -- Government Purchases -- The National Income Identity for an Open Economy -- An Imaginary Open Economy -- The Current Account and Foreign Indebtedness -- Saving and the Current Account -- Private and Government Saving -- Box: The Mystery of the Missing Deficit -- The Balance of Payments Accounts -- Examples of Paired Transactions -- The Fundamental Balance of Payments Identity -- The Current Account, Once Again -- The Capital Account -- The Financial Account -- Net Errors and Omissions -- Official Reserve Transactions -- Case Study: The Assets and Liabilities of the World's Biggest Debtor -- Summary -- Chapter 3: Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market: An Asset Approach -- Exchange Rates and International Transactions -- Domestic and Foreign Prices -- Exchange Rates and Relative Prices -- The Foreign Exchange Market -- The Actors -- Box: Exchange Rates, Auto Prices, and Currency Wars -- Characteristics of the Market -- Spot Rates and Forward Rates -- Foreign Exchange Swaps -- Futures and Options -- The Demand for Foreign Currency Assets -- Assets and Asset Returns -- Box: Nondeliverable Forward Exchange Trading in Asia -- Risk and Liquidity.
Interest Rates -- Exchange Rates and Asset Returns -- A Simple Rule -- Return, Risk, and Liquidity in the Foreign Exchange Market -- Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market -- Interest Parity: The Basic Equilibrium Condition -- How Changes in the Current Exchange Rate Affect Expected Returns -- The Equilibrium Exchange Rate -- Interest Rates, Expectations, and Equilibrium -- The Effect of Changing Interest Rates on the Current Exchange Rate -- The Effect of Changing Expectations on the Current Exchange Rate -- Case Study: What Explains the Carry Trade? -- Summary -- Appendix: Forward Exchange Rates and Covered Interest Parity -- Chapter 4: Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates -- Money Defined: A Brief Review -- Money as a Medium of Exchange -- Money as a Unit of Account -- Money as a Store of Value -- What Is Money? -- How the Money Supply Is Determined -- The Demand for Money by Individuals -- Expected Return -- Risk -- Liquidity -- Aggregate Money Demand -- The Equilibrium Interest Rate: The Interaction of Money Supply and Demand -- Equilibrium in the Money Market -- Interest Rates and the Money Supply -- Output and the Interest Rate -- The Money Supply and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run -- Linking Money, the Interest Rate, and the Exchange Rate -- U.S. Money Supply and the Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate -- Europe's Money Supply and the Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate -- Money, the Price Level, and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run -- Money and Money Prices -- The Long-Run Effects of Money Supply Changes -- Empirical Evidence on Money Supplies and Price Levels -- Money and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run -- Inflation and Exchange Rate Dynamics -- Short-Run Price Rigidity versus Long-Run Price Flexibility -- Box: Money Supply Growth and Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe -- Permanent Money Supply Changes and the Exchange Rate. Exchange Rate Overshooting -- Case Study: Can Higher Inflation Lead to Currency Appreciation? The Implications of Inflation Targeting -- Summary -- Chapter 5: Price Levels and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run -- The Law of One Price -- Purchasing Power Parity -- The Relationship between PPP and the Law of One Price -- Absolute PPP and Relative PPP -- A Long-Run Exchange Rate Model Based on PPP -- The Fundamental Equation of the Monetary Approach -- Ongoing Inflation, Interest Parity, and PPP -- The Fisher Effect -- Empirical Evidence on PPP and the Law of One Price -- Explaining the Problems with PPP -- Trade Barriers and Nontradables -- Departures from Free Competition -- Differences in Consumption Patterns and Price Level Measurement -- Box: Some Meaty Evidence on the Law of One Price -- PPP in the Short Run and in the Long Run -- Case Study: Why Price Levels Are Lower in Poorer Countries -- Beyond Purchasing Power Parity: A General Model of Long-Run Exchange Rates -- The Real Exchange Rate -- Demand, Supply, and the Long-Run Real Exchange Rate -- Box: Sticky Prices and the Law of One Price: Evidence from Scandinavian Duty-Free Shops -- Nominal and Real Exchange Rates in Long-Run Equilibrium -- International Interest Rate Differences and the Real Exchange Rate -- Real Interest Parity -- Summary -- Appendix: The Fisher Effect, the Interest Rate, and the Exchange Rate under the Flexible-Price Monetary Approach -- Chapter 6: Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run -- Determinants of Aggregate Demand in an Open Economy -- Determinants of Consumption Demand -- Determinants of the Current Account -- How Real Exchange Rate Changes Affect the Current Account -- How Disposable Income Changes Affect the Current Account -- The Equation of Aggregate Demand -- The Real Exchange Rate and Aggregate Demand -- Real Income and Aggregate Demand. How Output is Determined in the Short Run -- Output Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: The DD Schedule -- Output, the Exchange Rate, and Output Market Equilibrium -- Deriving the DD Schedule -- Factors that Shift the DD Schedule -- Asset Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: The AA Schedule -- Output, the Exchange Rate, and Asset Market Equilibrium -- Deriving the AA Schedule -- Factors that Shift the AA Schedule -- Short-Run Equilibrium for an Open Economy: Putting the DD and AA Schedules Together -- Temporary Changes in Monetary and Fiscal Policy -- Monetary Policy -- Fiscal Policy -- Policies to Maintain Full Employment -- Inflation Bias and Other Problems of Policy Formulation -- Permanent Shifts in Monetary and Fiscal Policy -- A Permanent Increase in the Money Supply -- Adjustment to a Permanent Increase in the Money Supply -- A Permanent Fiscal Expansion -- Macroeconomic Policies and the Current Account -- Gradual Trade Flow Adjustment and Current Account Dynamics -- The J-Curve -- Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Inflation -- The Current Account, Wealth, and Exchange Rate Dynamics -- The Liquidity Trap -- Case Study: How Big is the Government Spending Multiplier? -- Summary -- Appendix 1: Intertemporal Trade and Consumption Demand -- Appendix 2: The Marshall-Lerner Condition and Empirical Estimates of Trade Elasticities -- Chapter 7: Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign Exchange Intervention -- Why Study Fixed Exchange Rates? -- Central Bank Intervention and the Money Supply -- The Central Bank Balance Sheet and the Money Supply -- Foreign Exchange Intervention and the Money Supply -- Sterilization -- The Balance of Payments and the Money Supply -- How the Central Bank Fixes the Exchange Rate -- Foreign Exchange Market Equilibrium under a Fixed Exchange Rate -- Money Market Equilibrium under a Fixed Exchange Rate -- A Diagrammatic Analysis. Stabilization Policies with a Fixed Exchange Rate -- Monetary Policy -- Fiscal Policy -- Changes in the Exchange Rate -- Adjustment to Fiscal Policy and Exchange Rate Changes -- Balance of Payments Crises and Capital Flight -- Managed Floating and Sterilized Intervention -- Perfect Asset Substitutability and the Ineffectiveness of Sterilized Intervention -- Case Study: Can Markets Attack a Strong Currency? The Case of Switzerland -- Foreign Exchange Market Equilibrium under Imperfect Asset Substitutability -- The Effects of Sterilized Intervention with Imperfect Asset Substitutability -- Evidence on the Effects of Sterilized Intervention -- Reserve Currencies in the World Monetary System -- The Mechanics of a Reserve Currency Standard -- The Asymmetric Position of the Reserve Center -- The Gold Standard -- The Mechanics of a Gold Standard -- Symmetric Monetary Adjustment under a Gold Standard -- Benefits and Drawbacks of the Gold Standard -- The Bimetallic Standard -- The Gold Exchange Standard -- Case Study: The Demand for International Reserves -- Summary -- Appendix 1: Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market with Imperfect Asset Substitutability -- Demand -- Supply -- Equilibrium -- Appendix 2: The Timing of Balance of Payments Crises -- Part 2: International Macroeconomic Policy -- Chapter 8: International Monetary Systems: An Historical Overview -- Macroeconomic Policy Goals in an Open Economy -- Internal Balance: Full Employment and Price Level Stability -- External Balance: The Optimal Level of the Current Account -- Box: Can a Country Borrow Forever? The Case of New Zealand -- Classifying Monetary Systems: The Open-Economy Monetary Trilemma -- International Macroeconomic Policy under the Gold Standard, 1870-1914 -- Origins of the Gold Standard -- External Balance under the Gold Standard -- The Price-Specie-Flow Mechanism. The Gold Standard "Rules of the Game": Myth and Reality. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910154807403321 |
|
Krugman Paul R.
|
||
| Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , [2014] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
International trade : theory and policy / / Paul Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc Melitz
| International trade : theory and policy / / Paul Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc Melitz |
| Autore | Krugman Paul R. |
| Edizione | [Tenth edition, Global edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Boston : , : Pearson, , 2015 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (360 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Disciplina | 332.042 |
| Collana | Always learning |
| Soggetto topico | International trade |
| ISBN | 1-292-06034-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Brief Contents -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- What is International Economics About? -- The Gains from Trade -- The Pattern of Trade -- How Much Trade? -- Balance of Payments -- Exchange Rate Determination -- International Policy Coordination -- The International Capital Market -- International Economics: Trade and Money -- Part 1: International Trade Theory -- Chapter 2 World Trade: An Overview -- Who Trades with Whom? -- Size Matters: The Gravity Model -- Using the Gravity Model: Looking for Anomalies -- Impediments to Trade: Distance, Barriers, and Borders -- The Changing Pattern of World Trade -- Has the World Gotten Smaller? -- What Do We Trade? -- Service Offshoring -- Do Old Rules Still Apply? -- Summary -- Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model -- The Concept of Comparative Advantage -- A One-Factor Economy -- Relative Prices and Supply -- Trade in a One-Factor World -- Determining the Relative Price after Trade -- Box: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Babe Ruth -- The Gains from Trade -- A Note on Relative Wages -- Box: The Losses from Nontrade -- Misconceptions about Comparative Advantage -- Productivity and Competitiveness -- Box: Do Wages Reflect Productivity? -- The Pauper Labor Argument -- Exploitation -- Comparative Advantage with Many Goods -- Setting Up the Model -- Relative Wages and Specialization -- Determining the Relative Wage in the Multigood Model -- Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded Goods -- Empirical Evidence on the Ricardian Model -- Summary -- Chapter 4: Specific Factors and Income Distribution -- The Specific Factors Model -- Box: What is a Specific Factor? -- Assumptions of the Model -- Production Possibilities -- Prices, Wages, and Labor Allocation -- Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income.
International Trade in the Specific Factors Model -- Income Distribution and the Gains from Trade -- The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View -- Income Distribution and Trade Politics -- Case Study: Trade and Unemployment -- International Labor Mobility -- Case Study: Wage Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration -- Case Study: Foreign Workers: The Story of the GCC -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 4: Further Details on Specific Factors -- Marginal and Total Product -- Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income -- Chapter 5: Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model -- Model of a Two-Factor Economy -- Prices and Production -- Choosing the Mix of Inputs -- Factor Prices and Goods Prices -- Resources and Output -- Effects of International Trade between Two-Factor Economies -- Relative Prices and the Pattern of Trade -- Trade and the Distribution of Income -- Case Study: North-South Trade and Income Inequality -- Case Study: Skill-Biased Technological Change and Income Inequality -- Factor-Price Equalization -- Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model -- Trade in Goods as a Substitute for Trade in Factors: Factor Content of Trade -- Patterns of Exports between Developed and Developing Countries -- Implications of the Tests -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 5: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Production Decisions -- Choice of Technique -- Goods Prices and Factor Prices -- More on Resources and Output -- Chapter 6: The Standard Trade Model -- A Standard Model of a Trading Economy -- Production Possibilities and Relative Supply -- Relative Prices and Demand -- The Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of Trade -- Determining Relative Prices -- Economic Growth: A Shift of the RS Curve -- Growth and the Production Possibility Frontier -- World Relative Supply and the Terms of Trade -- International Effects of Growth. Case Study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrializing Countries Hurt Advanced Nations? -- Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD -- Relative Demand and Supply Effects of a Tariff -- Effects of an Export Subsidy -- Implications of Terms of Trade Effects: Who Gains and Who Loses? -- International Borrowing and Lending -- Intertemporal Production Possibilities and Trade -- The Real Interest Rate -- Intertemporal Comparative Advantage -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 6: More on Intertemporal Trade -- Chapter 7: External Economies of Scale and the International Location of Production -- Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview -- Economies of Scale and Market Structure -- The Theory of External Economies -- Specialized Suppliers -- Labor Market Pooling -- Knowledge Spillovers -- External Economies and Market Equilibrium -- External Economies and International Trade -- External Economies, Output, and Prices -- External Economies and the Pattern of Trade -- Box: Holding the World Together -- Trade and Welfare with External Economies -- Dynamic Increasing Returns -- Interregional Trade and Economic Geography -- Box: Tinseltown Economics -- Summary -- Chapter 8: Firms in the Global Economy: Export Decisions, Outsourcing, and Multinational Enterprises -- The Theory of Imperfect Competition -- Monopoly: A Brief Review -- Monopolistic Competition -- Monopolistic Competition and Trade -- The Effects of Increased Market Size -- Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example -- The Significance of Intra-Industry Trade -- Case Study: The Emergence of the Turkish Automotive Industry -- Firm Responses to Trade: Winners, Losers, and Industry Performance -- Performance Differences across Producers -- The Effects of Increased Market Size -- Trade Costs and Export Decisions -- Dumping -- Case Study: Antidumping as Protectionism. Multinationals and Outsourcing -- Case Study: Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment Flows Around the World -- The Firm's Decision Regarding Foreign Direct Investment -- Outsourcing -- Case Study: Shipping Jobs Overseas? Offshoring and Unemployment in the United States -- Consequences of Multinationals and Foreign Outsourcing -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 8: Determining Marginal Revenue -- Part 2: International Trade Policy -- Chapter 9: The Instruments of Trade Policy -- Basic Tariff Analysis -- Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry -- Effects of a Tariff -- Measuring the Amount of Protection -- Costs and Benefits of a Tariff -- Consumer and Producer Surplus -- Measuring the Costs and Benefits -- Box: Tariffs for the Long Haul -- Other Instruments of Trade Policy -- Export Subsidies: Theory -- Case Study: Europe's Common Agricultural Policy -- Import Quotas: Theory -- Case Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar -- Voluntary Export Restraints -- Case Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice -- Local Content Requirements -- Box: Bridging the Gap -- Other Trade Policy Instruments -- The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 9: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly -- The Model with Free Trade -- The Model with a Tariff -- The Model with an Import Quota -- Comparing a Tariff and a Quota -- Chapter 10: The Political Economy of Trade Policy -- The Case for Free Trade -- Free Trade and Efficiency -- Additional Gains from Free Trade -- Rent Seeking -- Political Argument for Free Trade -- Case Study: The Gains from 1992 -- National Welfare Arguments against Free Trade -- The Terms of Trade Argument for a Tariff -- The Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free Trade -- How Convincing Is the Market Failure Argument? -- Income Distribution and Trade Policy -- Electoral Competition. Collective Action -- Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990s -- Modeling the Political Process -- Who Gets Protected? -- International Negotiations and Trade Policy -- The Advantages of Negotiation -- International Trade Agreements: A Brief History -- The Uruguay Round -- Trade Liberalization -- Administrative Reforms: From the GATT to the WTO -- Benefits and Costs -- Box: Settling a Dispute-and Creating One -- Case Study: The Salmon War -- The Doha Disappointment -- Box: Do Agricultural Subsidies Hurt the Third World? -- Preferential Trading Agreements -- Box: Free Trade Area versus Customs Union -- Box: Do Trade Preferences Have Appeal? -- Case Study: Trade Diversion in South America -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 10: Proving that the Optimum Tariff Is Positive -- Demand and Supply -- The Tariff and Prices -- The Tariff and Domestic Welfare -- Chapter 11: Trade Policy in Developing Countries -- Import-Substituting Industrialization -- The Infant Industry Argument -- Promoting Manufacturing Through Protection -- Case Study: Mexico Abandons Import-Substituting Industrialization -- Results of Favoring Manufacturing: Problems of Import-Substituting Industrialization -- Trade Liberalization since 1985 -- Trade and Growth: Takeoff in Asia -- Box: India's Boom -- Summary -- Chapter 12: Controversies in Trade Policy -- Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy -- Technology and Externalities -- Imperfect Competition and Strategic Trade Policy -- Box: A Warning from Intel's Founder -- Case Study: When the Chips Were Up -- Globalization and Low-Wage Labor -- The Anti-Globalization Movement -- Trade and Wages Revisited -- Labor Standards and Trade Negotiations -- Environmental and Cultural Issues -- The WTO and National Independence -- Case Study: A Tragedy in Bangladesh -- Globalization and the Environment. Globalization, Growth, and Pollution. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910153069903321 |
|
Krugman Paul R.
|
||
| Boston : , : Pearson, , 2015 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||