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Handbook of spinal cord injuries and related disorders : a guide to evaluation and management / / Hyun-Yoon Ko and Sungchul Huh
| Handbook of spinal cord injuries and related disorders : a guide to evaluation and management / / Hyun-Yoon Ko and Sungchul Huh |
| Autore | Ko Hyŏn-yun |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (561 pages) |
| Disciplina | 660 |
| Soggetto topico |
Orthopedics
Neurology Surgery Lesions medul·lars Neurologia Neurocirurgia |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Llibres electrònics |
| ISBN | 981-16-3679-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord -- 1.1 Development of the Spinal Cord -- 1.2 Metamerism -- 1.3 Myelination -- 1.4 Anatomy of the Spinal Cord -- 1.4.1 Overview of Anatomy of the Spinal Cord -- 1.4.2 White Matter and Tracts -- 1.4.2.1 Ascending Tracts -- 1.4.2.1.1 Posterior Column-Medial Lemniscal System -- 1.4.2.1.2 Anterolateral System -- 1.4.2.1.3 Cerebellar Input System -- 1.4.2.1.4 Others -- 1.4.2.2 Descending Tracts -- 1.4.3 Gray Matter -- 1.4.3.1 Anatomy of the Gray Matter -- 1.4.3.2 Architectural Lamination of the Gray Matter -- 1.4.3.2.1 Dorsal Gray Horn (Laminae I-IV) -- 1.4.3.2.2 Intermediate Gray Horn (Laminae V-VIII and Autonomic Nuclei) -- 1.4.3.2.3 Ventral Gray Horn (Lamina IX) -- 1.4.3.2.4 Central Canal (Lamina X) -- 1.5 Spinal Nerves and Roots -- 1.6 Meninges, Subarachnoid Space, and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- 1.7 Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord -- 1.7.1 Arteries -- 1.7.2 Veins -- References -- Further Reading -- 2: Extremity Kinematics and Muscles for Functional Training of Tetraplegics and Paraplegics -- 2.1 Potential Functions -- 2.2 Relevant Kinematics -- 2.2.1 Movement and Kinetic Chains -- 2.2.2 Muscle Contraction -- 2.2.3 Muscle Substitution -- 2.2.3.1 Substitution Using Tension to Nonfunctioning Musculature or Tendon -- 2.2.3.2 Substitution Using Gravity -- 2.2.3.3 Substitution Using Closed Kinetic Chain Kinematics -- 2.3 Contributing Muscles to Mobility Depending on the Motor Level -- 2.3.1 Neurological Level of Injury: C4 -- 2.3.2 Neurological Level of Injury: C5 -- 2.3.3 Neurological Level of Injury: C6 -- 2.3.4 Neurological Level of Injury: C7 -- 2.3.5 Neurological Level of Injury: C8 -- 2.3.6 Neurological Level of Injury: T1-9 -- 2.3.7 Neurological Level of Injury: T10-T12 -- 2.3.8 Neurological Level of Injury: L1.
2.3.9 Neurological Level of Injury: L2 -- 2.3.10 Neurological Level of Injury L3 -- 2.3.11 Neurological Level of Injury: L4 -- 2.3.12 Neurological Level of Injury: L5 -- 2.3.13 Neurological Level of Injury: S1 -- 2.4 Functional Anatomy of the Extremity Muscles -- 2.4.1 Muscles of the Upper Extremity -- 2.4.1.1 Movements -- 2.4.1.2 Muscles -- 2.4.1.2.1 Scapula and Shoulder -- 2.4.1.2.2 Arm -- 2.4.1.2.3 Forearm -- 2.4.1.2.4 Hand -- 2.4.2 Muscles of the Lower Extremity -- 2.4.2.1 Movements -- 2.4.2.2 Muscles -- 2.4.2.2.1 Hip -- 2.4.2.2.2 Thigh -- 2.4.2.2.3 Lower Leg and Foot -- References -- Further Reading -- 3: Physical and Neurological Differentiation of Spinal Cord Lesions -- 3.1 Neurological Assessment -- 3.1.1 Clinicoanatomical Considerations -- 3.1.2 Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury -- 3.1.3 Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Lesion -- 3.1.4 Muscle Bulk -- 3.1.5 Muscle Tone -- 3.1.6 Muscle Strength -- 3.1.7 Reflexes -- 3.1.7.1 Superficial and Deep Tendon Reflexes -- 3.1.7.2 Pathological Reflexes -- 3.1.8 Sensory Assessment -- 3.2 Functional Assessment -- References -- Further Reading -- 4: Laboratory Tests Commonly Encountered in Care of Spinal Cord Injuries -- 4.1 Simple Blood Tests -- 4.1.1 Complete Blood Cell Counts -- 4.1.1.1 RBC Parameters -- 4.1.1.1.1 RBC Count (4.0-6.2 × 106/μL for Male, 3.5-5.0 × 106/μL for Female) -- 4.1.1.1.2 Hemoglobin (14-18 g/dL for Male, 12-16 g/dL for Female) -- 4.1.1.1.3 RBC Indices -- 4.1.1.1.4 Hematocrit (39-51% for Male, 35-47% for Female) -- 4.1.1.2 WBC Parameters -- 4.1.1.3 Platelet (150-400 × 103/μL) -- 4.1.2 Electrolyte Disorders -- 4.1.2.1 Sodium (135-145 mEq/L) -- 4.1.2.2 Potassium (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) -- 4.1.2.3 Calcium (8.5-10 mg/L) and Phosphorus (2.3-4.7 mg/ dL) -- 4.1.2.4 Magnesium (1.4-2.1 mEq/L, 1.8-2.5 mg/dL) -- 4.1.3 Liver and Kidney Functions. 4.1.3.1 Liver Function Test -- 4.1.3.1.1 Serum Transaminases (ALT 7-46 U/L for Male, 4-35 U/L for Female, and AST 8-46 U/L for Male, 7-34 U/L for Female) -- 4.1.3.1.2 Alkaline Phosphatase (30-115 U/L) -- 4.1.3.1.3 Lactate Dehydrogenase (110-240 U/L) -- 4.1.3.1.4 Bilirubin (0.0-0.4 mg/dL) -- 4.1.3.1.5 Blood Ammonia (< -- 50 μmol/L) -- 4.1.3.2 Kidney Function Test -- 4.1.3.2.1 Blood Tests for Kidney Function -- 4.2 Urinalysis -- 4.2.1 Physical Tests -- 4.2.2 Biochemical Tests -- 4.3 Infection/Inflammatory Markers -- 4.3.1 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (0-13 mm in 1 h for Male, 0-20 mm in 1 h for Female) -- 4.3.2 C-Reactive Protein (0.8 mg/dL) -- 4.4 Nutrition Markers -- 4.4.1 Serum Visceral Protein -- 4.4.1.1 Serum Albumin (3.5-5.0 g/dL) -- 4.4.1.2 Serum Prealbumin (18-40 mg/ dL) -- 4.4.1.3 Transferrin (160-360 mg/dL) -- 4.4.1.4 Retinol-Binding Protein (3-6 mg/dL) -- 4.4.2 Non-visceral Protein Markers -- 4.4.2.1 Serum Cholesterol (< -- 200 mg/ dL) -- 4.4.2.2 Serum Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1, 10-1000 ng/mL) -- 4.4.2.3 Serum Zinc (66-110 μg/dL) -- 4.5 Bone Turnover Markers -- 4.5.1 Bone Formation Markers -- 4.5.1.1 Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (≤20 μg/L) -- 4.5.1.2 Osteocalcin (9-43 ng/mL) -- 4.5.1.3 Procollagen Type 1 Extension Peptides -- 4.5.2 Bone Resorption Markers -- 4.5.2.1 Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase -- 4.5.2.2 Collagen Cross-Link Molecules -- 4.5.2.3 Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Collagen 1 -- 4.6 Coagulation Markers -- 4.6.1 Prothrombin Time (8.3-10.8 s) and International Normalized Ratio (0.9-1.2) -- 4.6.2 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (21-33 s) -- 4.6.3 Fibrinogen (200-375 mg/dL for Male, 200-430 mg/dL for Female) -- 4.6.4 D-Dimer (≤250 ng/mL) -- 4.7 Metabolites -- 4.7.1 Glucose -- 4.7.1.1 Random Blood Sugar Test -- 4.7.1.2 Fasting Blood Sugar Test. 4.7.1.3 2-Hour Postprandial Glucose -- 4.7.1.4 Hemoglobin A1C (4.7-5.8%) -- 4.7.1.5 Oral Glucose Intolerance Test -- 4.7.2 Lactate (5-20 mg/dL) -- 4.7.3 Urea (10-35 g/Specimen) -- 4.8 Arterial Blood Gas -- 4.8.1 pH (7.35-7.45) -- 4.8.2 Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2, 75-100 mmHg) -- 4.8.3 Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2, 35-45 mmHg) -- 4.8.4 Bicarbonate (HCO3-, 22-26 mEq/L) -- 4.8.5 Base Excess (-2 to +2 mmol/L) -- 4.8.6 Anion Gap (< -- 11 mEq/L, 3-11 mEq/L) -- 4.8.7 Oxygen Saturation (94-100%) -- 4.9 Lipid Profile -- 4.9.1 Total Cholesterol (< -- 200 mg/ dL) -- 4.9.2 HDL Cholesterol (40-60 mg/dL, Desirable > -- 60 mg/dL) -- 4.9.3 LDL Cholesterol (Optimal < -- 100 mg/dL) -- 4.9.4 Triglycerides (< -- 150 mg/dL) -- 4.10 Cardiac Markers -- 4.10.1 Cardiac Troponins (TPT < -- 0.01 ng/mL, TPI < -- 0.04 ng/mL) -- 4.10.2 Creatine Kinase (49-348 U/L for Male, 38-206 U/L for Female) and Creatine Kinase-MB (< -- 4.4 ng/mL) -- 4.10.3 Myoglobin (28-72 ng/mL for Male, 25-58 ng/mL for Female) -- 4.10.4 Homocysteine (≤13 μmol/L) -- 4.11 Hormonal Markers -- 4.11.1 Antidiuretic Hormone (< -- 1.5 pg/mL, Higher at Night) -- References -- Further Reading -- 5: Pharmacotherapy in Spinal Cord Injuries -- 5.1 Basic Clinical Pharmacology -- 5.1.1 Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism -- 5.1.1.1 Absorption -- 5.1.1.2 Distribution -- 5.1.1.3 Metabolism -- 5.1.1.4 Elimination -- 5.1.2 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring -- 5.1.2.1 Patient Evaluation before Medications -- 5.1.2.2 Drug Dose Determination -- 5.1.2.3 Adverse Effects -- 5.1.2.4 Medication Safety -- 5.1.2.5 Drug-Drug Interactions -- 5.1.2.6 Drug-Disease Interactions -- 5.2 Altered Pharmacokinetics in Spinal Cord Injuries -- 5.2.1 Altered Pharmacokinetics -- 5.2.1.1 Absorption -- 5.2.1.2 Distribution -- 5.2.1.3 Metabolism -- 5.2.1.4 Elimination. 5.3 Medication Categories Commonly Prescribed in Spinal Cord Injuries -- 5.3.1 Autonomic and Cardiovascular Drugs -- 5.3.1.1 Medications for Orthostatic Hypotension -- 5.3.1.1.1 Midodrine -- 5.3.1.1.2 Fludrocortisone -- 5.3.1.1.3 Droxidopa -- 5.3.1.2 Medications for Supine Hypertension -- 5.3.1.3 Medications for Autonomic Dysreflexia -- 5.3.1.3.1 Nitrates -- 5.3.1.3.2 Calcium Channel Blockers -- 5.3.1.3.3 Direct Vasodilators -- 5.3.2 Medications for Respiratory Dysfunction -- 5.3.2.1 Selective β-2 Adrenergic Agonists -- 5.3.2.2 Anticholinergics -- 5.3.2.3 Methylxanthines -- 5.3.2.4 Mucolytics -- 5.3.2.5 Expectorants -- 5.3.3 Anticoagulants for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism -- 5.3.3.1 Heparin -- 5.3.3.2 Warfarin -- 5.3.3.3 Direct Oral Anticoagulants -- 5.3.3.3.1 Dabigatran -- 5.3.3.3.2 Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban -- Rivaroxaban -- Apixaban -- Edoxaban -- 5.3.4 Medications for Bladder Dysfunction -- 5.3.4.1 Antimuscarinic Agents -- 5.3.4.1.1 Oxybutynin -- 5.3.4.1.2 Fesoterodine (Toviaz) -- 5.3.4.1.3 Tolterodine -- 5.3.4.1.4 Propiverine -- 5.3.4.1.5 Solifenacin -- 5.3.4.2 Mirabegron -- 5.3.5 Medications for Bowel Dysfunction -- 5.3.5.1 Laxatives -- 5.3.5.1.1 Bulk Forming Agents -- 5.3.5.1.2 Stool Softeners -- 5.3.5.1.3 Hyperosmolar Agents -- 5.3.5.1.4 Colonic Stimulants -- 5.3.5.1.5 Osmotic Laxatives -- 5.3.5.2 Medications Reducing Gastric Acid Secretion -- 5.3.5.2.1 H2 Blockers -- 5.3.5.2.2 Proton Pump Inhibitors -- 5.3.5.2.3 Prostaglandin Analog -- 5.3.5.3 Medications for Improving GI Motility (Prokinetic Agents) -- 5.3.5.4 Antidiarrheal Drugs -- 5.3.6 Medications for Spasticity -- 5.3.6.1 Baclofen -- 5.3.6.2 Dantrolene -- 5.3.6.3 Diazepam -- 5.3.6.4 Tizanidine -- 5.3.6.5 Clonidine -- 5.3.6.6 Botulinum Toxins -- 5.3.7 Pain Medications -- 5.3.7.1 Gabapentin -- 5.3.7.2 Pregabalin. 5.3.7.3 Carbamazepine. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910506402203321 |
Ko Hyŏn-yun
|
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| Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Management and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries / / Hyun-Yoon Ko
| Management and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries / / Hyun-Yoon Ko |
| Autore | Ko Hyŏn-yun |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (915 pages) |
| Disciplina | 617.482044 |
| Soggetto topico |
Spinal cord - Wounds and injuries - Treatment
Spinal cord - Surgery |
| ISBN |
9789811902284
9789811902277 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910568272403321 |
|
Ko Hyŏn-yun
|
||
| Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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