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Helicobacter Pylori
| Helicobacter Pylori |
| Autore | Kim Nayoung |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Springer, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (738 pages) |
| Disciplina | 616.33014 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | Kim |
| ISBN | 981-9700-13-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Epidemiology -- 1: Prevalence and Transmission Routes of H. pylori -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Prevalence of H. pylori -- 1.2.1 Prevalence of H. pylori in the Adults -- 1.2.1.1 Asia Pacific Area -- 1.2.1.2 Europe -- 1.2.1.3 North America -- 1.2.1.4 Latin America -- 1.2.1.5 Africa -- 1.2.1.6 Summary -- 1.2.2 Prevalence of H. pylori in Children -- 1.2.2.1 Asia -- 1.2.2.2 Europe -- 1.2.2.3 North America -- 1.2.2.4 Latin America -- 1.2.2.5 Summary -- 1.3 Risk Factors of H. pylori Infection -- 1.4 Transmission of H. pylori -- 1.4.1 Transmission of H. pylori in the Developing Countries -- 1.4.2 Transmission of H. pylori in the Developed Countries -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Pathophysiology -- 2: Gastric Colonization by H. pylori -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Gastric Environment at the Site of Infection -- 2.3 Motility -- 2.4 Adhesion -- 2.5 Acid Acclimation -- 2.6 pH Alteration and Treatment Efficacy -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Immunological Reactions on H. pylori Infection -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Microbiota and General Immune Mechanism in the Stomach -- 3.2.1 Microbiota in the Stomach and Their Possible Role -- 3.2.2 General Immune Mechanism of Stomach -- 3.2.2.1 IgA and IgG Response of Stomach -- 3.2.2.2 CD4+ T-Cell Responses -- 3.3 Immune Response to H. pylori -- 3.3.1 Immune Evasion -- 3.3.1.1 Inhibition of Innate Immune Recognition by H. pylori -- Evasion of Recognition by Pattern Recognition Receptors -- Inhibition of Phagocytic Killing -- Inhibition of Killing by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide -- 3.3.1.2 Modulation of Adaptive Immunity by H. pylori -- 3.3.1.3 Inhibition of Effective T-Cell Response -- 3.3.1.4 Evasion of Humoral Response -- 3.3.1.5 Genetic Diversity in Immune Evasion.
3.3.2 Innate Immunity Activation Due to H. pylori -- 3.3.3 Adaptive Immunity Activation Due to H. pylori -- 3.3.4 Interaction of H. pylori with Tight Junction Proteins -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Change of Acid Secretions, Ghrelin, and Leptin, by H. pylori -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gastric Acid Secretion and H+, K+-ATPase with Regard to H. pylori Infection -- 4.2.1 Gastric Acid Secretion and H+, K+-ATPase -- 4.2.2 Effect of H. pylori Infection on the Gastric Acid Secretion -- 4.2.2.1 Acute Phase of H. pylori Infection Causes Hypochlorhydria -- 4.2.2.2 Effect of H. pylori Infection on H+, K+-ATPase -- 4.2.2.3 Interaction Between H. pylori Infection and Gastric Acid Secretion Determining the Pattern of Gastritis -- 4.2.2.4 Chronic Phase of H. pylori Infection and Gastric Acid Secretion -- 4.2.2.5 Gastrin and Somatostatin in Regard to H. pylori Infection -- 4.2.3 Effect of H. pylori Eradication on Gastric Acid Secretion -- 4.3 Ghrelin -- 4.3.1 Role of Ghrelin -- 4.3.2 Regulation of Ghrelin in Regard to H. pylori Infection -- 4.3.3 Effect of Eradication of H. pylori on Ghrelin -- 4.4 Leptin -- 4.4.1 Regulation and Role of Gastric Leptin -- 4.4.2 Regulation of Leptin in Regard to H. pylori Infection -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5: H. pylori Virulence Factors: Toxins (CagA, VacA, DupA, OipA, IceA) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) -- 5.2.1 cag Pathogenicity Island (cag PAI) -- 5.2.2 Diversity of the cagA Gene -- 5.2.3 The Relevance Between the EPIYA Segment and Pathogenicity of CagA -- 5.2.4 Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CagA -- 5.2.5 Phosphorylation-Independent Signaling of CagA -- 5.3 Vacuolating Cytotoxin (VacA) -- 5.3.1 VacA Structure -- 5.3.2 vacA Gene Diversity -- 5.3.3 vacA Genotype in Relation to Gastroduodenal Diseases -- 5.3.4 Biological Functions of VacA. 5.4 Outer Membrane Inflammatory Protein (OipA) -- 5.5 Induced by Contact with Epithelium (IceA) -- 5.6 Duodenal Ulcer Promoting Gene (dupA) -- 5.7 Other Virulence Factors -- 5.7.1 Shape Switch -- 5.7.2 High-Temperature Requirement A (HtrA) and Heat-Shock Proteins (Hsps) -- 5.7.3 Arginase -- 5.7.4 Catalase and Superoxidase Dismutase (SOD) -- 5.7.5 Cholesteryl α-Glucosyltransferase -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6: H. pylori Virulence Factors: Genetic Polymorphism and Disease -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (cagA) -- 6.2.1 cagA Type: Western Versus East Asian -- 6.3 Vacuolating Cytotoxin (vacA) -- 6.3.1 Geographic Differences in vacA Genotypes -- 6.4 Induced by Contact with Epithelium (iceA) -- 6.5 Outer Membrane Protein -- 6.5.1 Outer Inflammation Protein (oipA) -- 6.5.2 Duodenal Ulcer Promoting Gene A (dupA) -- 6.5.3 Blood Group A Antigen-Binding Adhesion (babA) -- 6.5.4 HomA and HomB -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Host Factor: Genetic Polymorphism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Interleukin-1β -- 7.3 Tumor Necrosis Factor-α -- 7.4 Interleukin-10 -- 7.5 Interleukin-8 -- 7.6 Toll-Like Receptor 4 -- 7.7 Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptors (NLRs) -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Diagnosis -- 8: Serology -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Serological Diagnosis -- 8.3 Serological Diagnosis -- 8.3.1 Bacterial Agglutination, Complement Fixation, and Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IIF) -- 8.3.2 EIA and ELISA -- 8.3.3 Commercial Serological ELISA Kits Depending on H. pylori Antigen -- 8.3.4 Genedia® H. pylori ELISA and Its Use on Nationwide H. pylori Epidemiological Survey in Korea -- 8.3.5 Genedia® H. pylori ELISA and Its Use on Nationwide H. pylori Epidemiological Survey in Korea -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References. 9: Histopathologic Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection and Associated Gastric Diseases -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Histological Diagnosis of H. Pylori -- 9.2.1 Hematoxylin and Eosin (H& -- E) Stain -- 9.2.2 Special Stain and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) -- 9.3 Molecular Tests -- 9.4 Pathologic Features of H. Pylori-Associated Gastritis -- 9.4.1 Acute Gastritis -- 9.4.2 Chronic Gastritis -- 9.5 Sequelae of Chronic Gastritis -- 9.5.1 Atrophic Gastritis -- 9.5.2 Intestinal Metaplasia -- 9.5.3 Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) -- 9.5.4 Gastric Cancer -- 9.6 Pathologic Findings of Peptic Ulcer -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Culture -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Culture Method -- 10.2.1 Specimen Collection -- 10.2.2 Transport of Biopsy Specimens -- 10.2.3 Incubation -- 10.2.4 Identification -- 10.3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing -- 10.3.1 Agar Dilution Method -- 10.3.2 Disk Diffusion Method -- 10.3.3 Broth Dilution Method -- 10.3.4 E-Test -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- 11: Urea Breath Test -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Principle of the Urea Breath Test -- 11.3 Urea Substrate and Measuring Equipment of the Urea Breath Test -- 11.4 Test Meal -- 11.5 Time of Breath Collection -- 11.6 Diagnostic Accuracy and Appropriate Cutoff Point of the Urea Breath Test -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- 12: H. pylori Stool Antigen Test -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Diagnostic Accuracy of H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test -- 12.2.1 Diagnostic Accuracy of H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test in Untreated Patients -- 12.2.2 Diagnostic Accuracy of H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test After Eradication -- 12.3 Types of H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test -- 12.3.1 H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test Based on Enzyme Immunoassay -- 12.3.2 H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test Based on Immunochromatography -- 12.3.3 Novel H. Pylori Stool Antigen Tests. 12.4 H. Pylori Stool Antigen Test in Specific Conditions -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Specific Conditions: Children -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Endoscopic Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection in Children -- 13.2.1 Application of Endoscopy with Biopsy in Children -- 13.2.2 Endoscopic Findings in H. pylori-Infected Children -- 13.2.3 Histopathologic Findings in H. pylori-Infected Children -- 13.3 Noninvasive Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection in Children -- 13.3.1 Urea Breath Test in Children -- 13.3.2 H. pylori Stool Antigen Test in Children -- 13.3.3 H. pylori Antibody Tests -- 13.4 Treatment of H. pylori Infection in Children -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14: Specific Conditions: Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection in Case of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Accuracy of Diagnostic Methods for H. Pylori in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- 14.2.1 Invasive Tests -- 14.2.1.1 Rapid Urease Test (RUT) -- 14.2.1.2 Histology -- 14.2.1.3 Culture -- 14.2.1.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- 14.2.2 Noninvasive Tests -- 14.2.2.1 Urea Breath Test -- 14.2.2.2 H. pylori Stool Antigen Test -- 14.2.2.3 Serology -- 14.3 Appropriate Methods for Detection of H. pylori in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection After Gastric Surgery -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Dynamic Changes of H. pylori Status in Patients Who Underwent Gastric Cancer Surgery -- 15.2.1 Possible Mechanisms for the Dynamic Changes of H. pylori Status -- 15.2.2 Affecting Factors for H. pylori Status in Patients Who Underwent Gastric Cancer Surgery -- 15.2.2.1 Operation Methods -- 15.2.2.2 Bile Reflux -- 15.2.2.3 Postgastrectomy-Induced Hypochlorhydria -- 15.3 Diagnostic Methods -- 15.3.1 Histology -- 15.3.2 Rapid Urease Test -- 15.3.3 Serology. 15.3.4 13C-Urea Breath Test. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910842297503321 |
Kim Nayoung
|
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| Singapore : , : Springer, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Clinical Areas
| Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Clinical Areas |
| Autore | Kim Nayoung |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (537 pages) |
| Disciplina | 613.04 |
| ISBN |
9789819701308
9789819701292 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Important? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.3 What Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine? -- 1.4 Incorporation of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Into Education -- 1.5 The Importance of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.6 Examples of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Clinical Areas -- 1.6.1 Cardiovascular Diseases -- 1.6.2 Brain Diseases, Pain, and COVID-19 Infection -- 1.6.3 Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 1.6.4 Sex Issues in Cell Line Studies and Hormone Issues in Cancer Therapies -- 1.6.5 COVID-19 Infection -- 1.7 Health Disparities for LGBTQ+ -- 1.7.1 Gender Dysphoria in Children and Adolescents -- 1.7.2 The Prevalence of LGBTQ+ from the Literature -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Sex/Gender Differences in the Diseases -- 2: Sex/Gender Differences in the Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of Sex/Gender on Disease -- 2.3 Effects of Sex/Gender on Irritable Bowel Disease -- 2.4 Effects of Sex/Gender on Gout -- 2.4.1 Sex/Gender Differences in Prevalence of Gout and Its Risk Factors -- 2.4.2 Sex Differences of Genetic Effects in the Development of Gout -- 2.4.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Gout -- 2.5 Effects of Sex/Gender on Alcohol-Related Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.5.1 Difference of Alcohol Metabolism by Sex -- 2.5.2 Differences in Alcohol Consumption Patterns by Gender -- 2.5.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Alcoholism -- 2.5.4 Alcohol-Related Physical Diseases -- 2.5.4.1 Alcohol and Esophageal Cancer -- 2.5.4.2 Alcohol and Gastric Cancer -- 2.5.4.3 Alcohol and Colorectal Cancer -- 2.5.4.4 Alcohol and Chronic Liver Disease.
2.5.4.5 Alcohol and Pancreatitis -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Metabolism of Sex Hormones -- 3: Metabolism of Estrogen and Testosterone and Their Role in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metabolism of Estrogen -- 3.3 Physiologic Effects of Estrogen -- 3.4 Effects of Estrogen in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.5 Metabolism of Testosterone -- 3.6 Physiologic Effects of Testosterone -- 3.7 Effects of Testosterone in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Gastroenterology -- 4: Esophageal Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1 Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1.1 Population-Based Studies -- 4.2.1.2 Endoscopy-Based Studies -- 4.2.2 Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.2.1 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Estrogen on the Esophagus -- 4.2.2.2 Protective Function of the Esophageal Epithelium -- 4.2.2.3 Nociception -- 4.2.2.4 Psychological and Emotional Factors -- 4.2.2.5 Comparison of Risk Factors by Type of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.3 Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.3.1 Differences in Esophageal and Extraesophageal Symptoms by Sex/Gender -- 4.2.3.2 Differences in Frequency of Healthcare Usage by Sex/Gender -- 4.2.4 Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.4.1 Proton Pump Inhibitor Drug Response and Sex/Gender -- 4.2.4.2 Effects of Hormone Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.3 Esophageal Motility Disorder -- 4.3.1 Achalasia -- 4.3.1.1 Epidemiology of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.2 Pathophysiology of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.3 Symptoms of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.4 Diagnosis of Achalasia -- Barium Esophagography -- Endoscopy -- Esophageal Manometry -- 4.3.1.5 Treatment of Achalasia. Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation and Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy -- Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy -- Sex/Gender Difference in the Treatment Response of Achalasia -- 4.3.2 Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.1 Definition, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.2 Clinical Symptoms of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.3 Diagnosis of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.4 Esophageal Cancer -- 4.4.1 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 4.4.1.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the World -- Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Africa -- Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 4.4.1.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- Sex Hormone -- Alcohol -- Smoking -- Dietary Factors -- Lower Body Mass Index -- 4.4.2 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 4.4.2.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the World -- 4.4.2.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- Sex Hormone -- Reflux Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus -- Obesity -- Smoking and Alcohol -- Nutritional Factor -- Drugs -- 4.4.2.3 The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognosis After Resection Depending on Age and Sex -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Gastroduodenal Diseases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.1 Epidemiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.2 Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.3 Pathophysiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.3.1 Sex Hormones -- 5.2.3.2 Visceral Hypersensitivity -- 5.2.3.3 Psychological Distress -- 5.2.3.4 Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis and Gender Differences -- Brain Response to Stress -- Gut Microbiome. 5.2.3.5 Gastroduodenal Dysfunction and Ghrelin -- 5.2.3.6 Low-Grade Duodenal Inflammation and Tight Junction Proteins -- 5.2.3.7 Food -- 5.2.4 Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.4.1 Rapport Between Patients and Doctors -- 5.2.4.2 Adjustments to Lifestyle and Diet -- 5.2.4.3 Medication -- H. pylori Eradication -- Proton Pump Inhibitors -- Prokinetics -- Antidepressants -- 5.3 H. pylori-Induced Chronic Gastritis -- 5.3.1 Epidemiology of H. pylori -- 5.3.2 Chronic Gastritis -- 5.3.3 Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 5.4 Peptic Ulcer -- 5.4.1 Epidemiology of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.2 Causes of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.2.1 Peptic Ulcers Due to H. pylori -- 5.4.2.2 Peptic Ulcers Due to NSAIDs -- 5.4.2.3 Non-H. pylori, Non-NSAID Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.3 Mechanisms of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.4 Peptic Ulcers in the Aging Population -- 5.4.5 Differences by Age and Sex/Gender in the Complications of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.5 Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.1 Incidence and Morality of Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.2 Sex/Gender Differences in Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.2.1 Differences in the Histology of Gastric Cancer by Sex/Gender and Age -- 5.5.2.2 Sex Hormones Such as Estrogen and Androgen and Their Receptors in the Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.3 Overweight/Obesity and Underweight in the Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.3.1 Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.2 Sex Difference in the Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Cardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.3 Association Between Underweight and Noncardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.4 Sex Difference in the Association Between Underweight and Noncardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Colorectal Diseases and Gut Microbiome -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome. 6.2.1 Epidemiology and Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.2 Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3 Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3.1 Hormonal Factors -- 6.2.3.2 Changes in Intestinal Motility -- 6.2.3.3 Visceral Hypersensitivity and Brain-Gut Interactions -- 6.2.3.4 Infection, Inflammation Response, Immune Response, and Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3.5 Intestinal Permeability -- 6.2.3.6 Changes in the Gut Microbiome -- 6.2.3.7 Psychosocial Factors -- 6.2.3.8 Dietary Factors -- 6.2.4 Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.4.1 Diet -- 6.2.4.2 Drug Treatment -- Overall Drug Treatment -- Drug Treatment Related to Gut Microbiome -- The Role of Probiotics in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment -- Fecal Microbiome Transplantation in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment -- Psychiatric Treatment -- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) -- Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) -- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) -- 6.3 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.1 Epidemiology and Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.2 Symptoms and Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.3 Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.3.1 Hormonal Factors -- 6.3.3.2 Immune Mechanisms -- 6.3.3.3 Genetic Factors -- 6.3.3.4 Changes in Gut Microbiome -- 6.3.3.5 Environmental Factors -- 6.3.3.6 Dietary Factors -- 6.3.4 Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.4 Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.1 Sex Difference of Incidence of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.2 Sex Difference of Mortality of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.3 Pathophysiology of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.3.1 Sex Hormones -- Estrogen -- 17β-Estradiol Reduces Inflammation and Modulates Antioxidant Enzymes in Colonic Epithelial Cells (CCD841CoN). Preventive Mechanism of Estradiol in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer and Dual Role of Nrf2. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910865260703321 |
|
Kim Nayoung
|
||
| Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Sex/gender-specific medicine in the gastrointestinal diseases / / Nayoung Kim
| Sex/gender-specific medicine in the gastrointestinal diseases / / Nayoung Kim |
| Autore | Kim Nayoung |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (458 pages) |
| Disciplina | 616.33 |
| Soggetto topico |
Sex factors in disease
Gastrointestinal system - Diseases |
| ISBN |
9789811901201
9789811901195 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.3 What Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine? -- 1.4 The Need for Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.5 Need for Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Sex/Gender Differences in the Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2: Sex/Gender Differences in the Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of Sex/Gender on Disease -- 2.3 Effects of Sex/Gender on FGIDs -- 2.4 Effects of Sex/Gender on Alcohol-Related Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.4.1 Difference of Alcohol Metabolism by Sex -- 2.4.2 Differences in Alcohol Consumption Patterns by Gender -- 2.4.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Alcoholism -- 2.4.4 Alcohol-Related Physical Diseases -- 2.4.4.1 Alcohol and Esophageal Cancer -- 2.4.4.2 Alcohol and Gastric Cancer -- 2.4.4.3 Alcohol and Colorectal Cancer -- 2.4.4.4 Alcohol and Chronic Liver Disease -- 2.4.4.5 Alcohol and Pancreatitis -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Metabolism of Sex Hormones -- 3: Metabolism of Estrogen and Testosterone and Their Role in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metabolism of Estrogen -- 3.3 Effects of Estrogen in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.4 Metabolism of Testosterone -- 3.5 Physiologic Effects of Testosterone -- 3.6 Effects of Testosterone in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Esophagus -- 4: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1 Population-Based Studies -- 4.2.2 Endoscopy-Based Studies.
4.3 Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.3.1 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Estrogen on the Esophagus -- 4.3.2 Protective Function of the Esophageal Epithelium -- 4.3.3 Nociception -- 4.3.4 Psychological and Emotional Factors -- 4.3.5 Comparison of Risk Factors by Type of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.4 Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.4.1 Differences in Esophageal and Extraesophageal Symptoms by Sex/Gender -- 4.4.2 Differences in Frequency of Healthcare Usage by Sex/Gender -- 4.5 Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.5.1 Drug Response and Sex/Gender -- 4.5.2 Effects of Hormone Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Esophageal Motility Disorders -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Main Point -- 5.2.1 Achalasia -- 5.2.1.1 Epidemiology -- 5.2.1.2 Cause and Pathophysiology -- 5.2.1.3 Symptoms -- 5.2.1.4 Diagnosis -- 5.2.1.4.1 Barium Esophagography -- 5.2.1.4.2 Endoscopy -- 5.2.1.4.3 Esophageal Manometry -- 5.2.1.5 Treatment -- 5.2.2 Distal Esophagus Hypermotility Disorders -- 5.2.2.1 Definition and Pathophysiology -- 5.2.2.2 Clinical Symptoms -- 5.2.2.3 Diagnosis -- 5.2.3 Differences in Esophageal Motility Disorders Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.1 Epidemiology of Esophageal Motility Disorders and Differences Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.2 Symptoms of Esophageal Motility Disorders and Differences Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.3 Response to Treatment Between Sexes -- 5.3 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Sex Difference of Esophageal Cancer: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma vs. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 6.2.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the World -- 6.2.1.1 Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Africa. 6.2.1.2 Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 6.2.1.3 Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 6.2.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 6.2.2.1 Sex Hormone -- 6.2.2.2 Alcohol -- 6.2.2.3 Smoking -- 6.2.2.4 Dietary Factors -- 6.2.2.5 Lower Body Mass Index -- 6.2.2.6 Genetics -- 6.3 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.3.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the World -- 6.3.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.3.2.1 Sex Hormone -- 6.3.2.2 Reflux Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus -- 6.3.2.3 Obesity -- 6.3.2.4 Smoking and Alcohol -- 6.3.2.5 Nutritional Factor -- 6.3.2.6 Drugs -- 6.3.2.7 Genetics -- 6.3.3 The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognosis Defending on Age and Sex -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Stomach -- 7: Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Definition of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.3 Epidemiology and Prevalence of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.4 Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.5 Pathophysiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.5.1 Sex Hormones -- 7.5.2 Visceral Hypersensitivity -- 7.5.3 Psychological Distress -- 7.5.4 Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis and Gender Differences -- 7.5.4.1 Brain Response to Stress -- 7.5.4.2 Gut Microbiota -- 7.5.5 Gastroduodenal Dysfunction and Ghrelin -- 7.5.6 Genetic Factors -- 7.5.7 Low-Grade Duodenal Inflammation and Tight Junction Proteins -- 7.5.8 Food -- 7.6 Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.6.1 Rapport Between Patients and Doctors -- 7.6.2 Adjustments to Lifestyle and Diet -- 7.6.3 Medication -- 7.6.3.1 H. pylori Eradication -- 7.6.3.2 Proton Pump Inhibitors -- 7.6.3.3 Prokinetics -- 7.6.3.4 Antidepressants -- 7.6.3.5 Targeting the Gut Microbiota -- 7.6.3.6 Psychotherapy. 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sex/Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of H. pylori -- 8.3 Sex/Gender Differences in Chronic Gastritis -- 8.3.1 Sex/Gender Differences in the Distribution of Chronic Gastritis -- 8.3.2 Sex/Gender Differences in Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 8.3.3 Sex/Gender Differences in 15-Year Changes in Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 8.3.4 Sex/Gender Differences in Atrophic Gastritis and the Reversibility of Intestinal Metaplasia After H. pylori Eradication -- 8.4 Sex/Gender Differences in the H. pylori-Eradicated Population -- 8.5 Sex/Gender Differences in the Changes of Lipid Metabolism After H. pylori Infection -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Peptic Ulcer Disease -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Epidemiology and Sex/Gender Differences of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.2.1 Studies of Data from Health Check-Up Centers -- 9.2.2 Multicenter Studies of Data from Gastroenterology Departments at Tertiary Hospitals in 1995, 2000, and 2005 -- 9.2.3 Analysis of Peptic Ulcer Studies of Data from Gastroenterology Departments from 1990 to 2007 -- 9.3 Sex/Gender Differences in the Causes of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.3.1 Peptic Ulcers Due to H. pylori -- 9.3.2 Peptic Ulcers Due to NSAIDs -- 9.3.2.1 Membrane Permeabilization -- 9.3.2.2 COX-1 Inhibition and Decrease of Prostaglandins -- 9.3.2.3 Activation of Inflammatory Mediators -- 9.3.3 Non-H. pylori, Non-NSAID Peptic Ulcers -- 9.4 Sex/Gender Differences in the Mechanism of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.5 Changes in Peptic Ulcers in the Aging Population -- 9.6 Differences by Age and Sex/Gender in the Complications of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.7 Sex/Gender Differences in the Pharmacological Treatment of Peptic Ulcers. 9.8 Sex/Gender Differences That Should Be Considered for Peptic Ulcer Prevention Strategies -- 9.9 Conclusions -- References -- 10: Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine for Intestinal-Type and Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Cancer and Estrogen -- 10.2.1 Mechanism of Estrogen/Estrogen Receptor Related to Cancer -- 10.2.2 Evidence That Sex/Gender Differences Should Be Reflected in Future Cancer Research -- 10.3 Incidence and Morality of Gastric Cancer -- 10.4 Sex/Gender Differences in Gastric Cancer -- 10.4.1 Differences in the Histology of Gastric Cancer by Sex/Gender and Age -- 10.4.2 Sex Hormones Such as Estrogen and Androgen and Their Receptors in Gastric Cancer -- 10.4.3 Serum Pepsinogen II ≥ 20 μg/L and H. pylori Positivity Are Biomarkers for Early-Stage Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer in Females Younger Than 40 -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11: Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine for Impact of Overweight, Obese, and Underweight on Gastric Cancer -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.3 Sex Difference in the Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.4 Association Between Underweight and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.5 Sex Difference in the Association Between Underweight and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part VI: Pancreas and Biliary Diseases -- 12: Pancreas and Biliary Diseases -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Benign Diseases in the Biliary System -- 12.2.1 Gallstone Disease -- 12.2.1.1 Epidemiology -- 12.2.1.2 Effects of Estrogen on Cholesterol Gallstones -- 12.2.1.3 Coffee Consumption and Gallstones -- 12.2.1.4 Physical Activity and Gallstones -- 12.2.1.5 Cholecystectomy for Gallstone Disease. 12.2.1.6 Positive Association of Gallbladder Stones or Polyps with Colon Polyps. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910574061203321 |
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Kim Nayoung
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| Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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