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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Series Editors' Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Media and Culture in the Middle East: An Introduction -- Part I Theories, Ideologies, and Problematics -- Chapter 1 Orientalism and Culture -- Beyond Orientalism? -- References -- Chapter 2 Muslims, Art, and Invisible Modernities -- Muslim Blur, Fugitivity, and Mounir Fatmi's Art -- References -- Chapter 3 Development and Modernization in the Middle East -- Development in the Middle East -- Modernization in Middle East Development Programs -- References -- Chapter 4 Hybridity as Dazzlement: Rethinking Fusion Through Joseph Tonda's Postcolonial Imperialism -- Tonda's Critique of Hybridity -- Tonda's Theory of the Image -- South-to-South Hybridities? -- References -- Chapter 5 "Arab" Cultural Studies: Phenomenology Being Digital, and Other Notes -- Media as Equipment and Being Digital -- Cultural Studies: Towards Double-Thrownness as Method -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Politics, Gender, Minorities, and Class -- Chapter 6 Intellectuals, Modernities, and the Emerging Public Sphere -- Introduction -- Debating Intellectuals and Commitment -- Intellectuals Encounter with Modernities -- Intellectuals and the Emerging Public Sphere -- References -- Chapter 7 Feminisms and Feminist Movements in the Middle East -- The Rise of Feminist Movements -- Organizing, Issues, and Tactics -- References -- Chapter 8 The State, the Media, and the Revival of Labor Activism in the Middle East -- References -- Chapter 9 The Meaning and Purpose of "Minority Media" in the Middle East and North Africa -- Introduction -- Does Minority Media Exist? -- The Tasks of an Alternative Media Space -- Minority Media/Global Media -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III Media Industries, Markets, and Technologies.
Chapter 10 Media Policy in the MENA: The Political Impact of Media Confluence -- Introduction -- Until 2000: Regulation of Transnational Media in a System in the Making -- The Digital Turning Point and Media Confluence -- Modes of Regulation of Expression -- Ad Hoc Laws and Regulatory Bodies -- The Moral Responsibility of the Media to Their Country: Building a Narrative -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Journalism in MENA: Triumph and Tragedy in the Struggle to Speak Truth to Power -- Journalism Before the Revolution -- Qatar and Saudi Arabia in the Media Sphere -- The Autocrats Strike Back -- Tools of Oppression -- Beyond the Arab World -- Freedom's Limits -- Digital Insurgents -- In Search of Arab Journalism -- References -- Chapter 12 Purposes and Practices of MENA Television: Components of an Ever-evolving Medium -- Politically Driven Technology Affords Varying Degrees of Choice -- A Cultural Dynamic of Incumbent Censorship and Community Inventiveness -- "Independent" Production Among Structural Stimuli for Industrial Development -- Organizational Underpinnings Complicated by Authoritarian Governance and Feuds -- Experiential Elements Increasingly Localized and Susceptible to Credible Measurement -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Digital MENA: An Overview of Digital Infrastructure, Policies, and Media Practices in the Middle East and North Africa -- Introduction -- Exploring the Divide: The Digital Infrastructure of the MENA -- Of Power and Control: The Policies Behind the Digital -- When the Political Meets Everyday Life: Digital Media Practices -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Documents, Archives, Absence: Current Challenges and Insights from Media Research in the Middle East and Beyond -- Cinema Networks and the Unevenness of Historical Sources -- Tracking Semi-detached and Unsynced Elements in Archives.
Archival Work as Fieldwork -- The Unevenness of Online Platforms, Social Media, and Digitization -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IV (Mass) Media, Cultures, and Contexts -- Chapter 15 Freedom of Expression and Media Challenges in the Mena Region: A Legal and Regulatory Perspective -- Introduction -- Regional Standards on Freedom of Expression and Information -- Relevant Freedom of Expression Documents Subscribed to by MENA and Arab Countries -- The Notion of Censorship -- Post-2011 Developments and Increased Restrictions -- References -- Chapter 16 Arabic News Channels in the Middle East: Development and Transformation -- Introduction -- Development of Arabic News Channels -- News Channels in the Early Stage of Satellite Era -- Impacts of Al Jazeera and Its Relationship with the Qatari Government -- The Challenge of Al Arabiya and Its Relationship with the Saudi Government -- Intensification of Competition and Market Strategy of Leading News Channels -- The Arab Spring and Its Impact on News Channels -- Political Bias and Loss of Credibility of the Leading News Channels -- News Channels Under New National Leadership -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 MENA Independent Media: Negotiating the Logics of Media Development Programs -- Media Development Paradigm -- Media Development Interventions in the Middle East -- Perspectives of Local Actors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 Divergence or Convergence between Mainstream and Independent Journalism in Turkey?: The Coverage of Operation Peace Spring -- Introduction -- Mainstream and Alternative Media in Turkey -- Media Representation of the Kurdish Question -- Empirical Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 Kurdish Cinema: Politics, Aesthetics, and Transnational Pathways -- A Political Arena for Kurdish Identity -- A National Cinema in Transnational Space.
A Discourse Genre Centered on Movement and Liminality -- The Future of Kurdish Cinema -- References -- Chapter 20 Aesthetic Arabism: The Syrian Musalsal Beyond Borders -- The Backstory -- The Outpouring -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21 The Dynamics of Advertising in MENA: An Empirical Model -- Beginnings: The Struggle of Establishing Place -- The Flow of Lebanese Advertising Talent Across the Region -- Media Diversification and the Emergence of the Pan-ArabMedia Market -- Development of Advertising Formats: Experiential and Engagement Opportunities -- Culture in the Scope of Brands' Growth Strategies -- Creating Advertisements: The Impact of Place -- The Structure: An Audience-Media Play -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 22 Reconfigurations of Religiopolitical Traditions and Identities: Mediated Religion in the Arab Countries -- Introduction -- A Typology -- Religious Channels as Political Tools -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 23 Constructing a New Identity: Women's Work in the Iranian Broadcast Media -- Women and the Islamic Revolution -- Women and Broadcast Media in Iran After 1979 -- Gender Relations, Women, and Media -- Women's Motivations -- Women's Challenges and Strategies -- Conclusion: Constructing a New Identity -- References -- Chapter 24 Mediations of Political Identities in Arab Animation -- The Early Challenges of Arab Animation -- The Political Economy of Arab Animation -- Identity Representation in Arab Animation -- Articulating Nationhood by Animation -- Critical Notions to National Identities -- Competing Notions of Pan-Arab Identities -- Animating the Ummah -- The Arab Spring of Animation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 25 Breaking Barriers: The Emergence of a Video Game Culture and Industry in the Arab World -- Arab Gamevironments -- History of Video Gaming in the Arab World.
Current Trends in Video Gaming in the Arab World -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V Alternative, Independent, and Social Media -- Chapter 26 Taking Revolution Seriously: A Keywords Approach to Middle East Studies -- Introduction -- A Revolutionary Region -- Revolutionary Typologies -- Resonance in the Field of Middle East Studies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 27 Alternative and Citizen Journalism(s) in the Middle East -- Alternative and Citizen Journalism(s) in the Middle East -- Between Professional Journalists and "Ordinary" People Inside and Outside -- Functions Performed by Alternative and Citizen Journalism(s) -- Economic and Organizational Perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 28 A Revolution of Smiles?: The Function of Humor in Algerian Media During the 2019-2020 Protests -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework: Humor and Social Movements -- Protest and Humor in Algeria: Historical Contextualization -- The Genealogy of the 2019 Protestsand the Role of Humor -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 29 Creating Emotional Echo-Chambers: Activism and Self-Expression on Social Media -- Introduction -- Role of Social Media in Turkey -- Method -- Gezi Spirit Is Alive! -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 30 Mnemotechnics: Digital Epistemologies and the Techno-Politics of Archiving a Revolution -- Many Unhappy Returns: The Egyptian Internet Shutdown and Digital Counter-Practices -- Momentous Ruins and Spatialized Memories -- The Future of (Online) Memory -- References -- Chapter 31 Media Technologies and Politics in Iran -- Introduction -- Communication Technologies and Iranian Media in Context -- Challenges to the State's Communication Monopoly: Satellite Television -- Challenges to the State's Communication Monopoly: The Internet.
Communication Policies, Networked Publics, and Citizenship.
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Arab television industries / / Marwan M. Kraidy and Joe F. Khalil
