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Rare Earth Elements : Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification
Rare Earth Elements : Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification
Autore Karamalidis Athanasios K
Edizione [1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Newark : , : American Geophysical Union, , 2024
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (399 pages)
Altri autori (Persone) EggertRoderick
Collana Special Publications
ISBN 1-119-51504-1
1-119-51500-9
1-119-51506-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Rare Earth Industry Overview -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Production -- 1.2.1. Australia -- 1.2.2. Brazil -- 1.2.3. Burma (Myanmar) -- 1.2.4. Burundi -- 1.2.5. Canada -- 1.2.6. China -- 1.2.7. India -- 1.2.8. Madagascar -- 1.2.9. Malaysia -- 1.2.10. Russia -- 1.2.11. South Africa -- 1.2.12. Tanzania -- 1.2.13. Thailand -- 1.2.14. Vietnam -- 1.2.15. United States -- 1.3. Trade -- 1.3.1. Mineral Concentrates -- 1.3.2. Compounds -- 1.3.3. Metals -- 1.4. Prices -- 1.4.1. Cerium and Lanthanum -- 1.4.2. Neodymium and Praseodymium -- 1.4.3. Samarium and Gadolinium -- 1.4.4. Europium -- 1.4.5. Dysprosium and Terbium -- 1.4.6. Holmium and Erbium -- 1.4.7. Ytterbium -- 1.4.8. Lutetium -- 1.4.9. Yttrium -- References -- Chapter 2 Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash and their Potential Recovery -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.1.1. Nature of Fly Ash -- 2.1.2. REEs in Coal and Coal Ash -- 2.1.3. Trends in Coal Production and Use -- 2.1.4. Critical Elements and U.S. Fly Ash Resources -- 2.2. Geochemical Characterization of Fly Ash -- 2.2.1. Bulk Characterization of Rare Earth Elemental Contents via ICP-MS -- 2.2.2. Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Petrology -- 2.2.3. Trace Element Microanalysis -- 2.2.4. Synchrotron-Based Techniques -- 2.2.5. Electron Microscopy -- 2.3. Extractions and Separations for REE Recovery from Fly Ash -- 2.4. Outlook and Research Needs -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Recovering of Rare Earth Elements from Unconventional Resources: Bauxite Residue -- 3.1. Bauxite Residue -- 3.1.1. Rare Earths in Bauxite Residue -- 3.1.2. Direct Leaching with Inorganic Acids -- 3.1.3. Direct Leaching with Organic Acids -- 3.1.4. Leaching with Ionic Liquids -- 3.1.5. Leaching with NaHCO3.
3.1.6. Comparison of Leaching Methods -- 3.1.7 Sulfuric Acid Baking -- 3.1.8. Combined Pyrometallurgical-Hydrometallurgical Leaching Techniques -- 3.1.9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Rare Earths in Phosphate: Characterization and Extraction -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.1.1. Rare Earth Elements in Phosphate -- 4.1.2. Rare Earth Elements in Florida Phosphate -- 4.1.3. The CMI Efforts -- 4.2. Part I: Chemical and Physical Characterizations of Phosphate-Processing Streams -- 4.2.1. Sample Collection -- 4.2.2. Chemical Analysis of Head Samples -- 4.2.3. Chemical Analysis Results -- 4.2.4. Sizing Analysis of Phosphogypsum -- 4.2.5. Sizing Analysis of Phosphate Clay -- 4.2.6. Rare Earths Mass Balance in Phosphate Mining and Processing Streams -- 4.3. Part II: Detailed Process-Mineralogy Studies of Amine Flotation Tails -- 4.3.1. Amine Tails -- 4.3.2. Mineralogical Examination of Phosphate Clay -- 4.3.3. Mineralogical Examination of Phosphoric Acid Sludge -- 4.4. Part III: Isolation and Characterization of Rare Earth Mineral Particles in Florida Phosphate Rock by DE Rapid Scan Radiography and HRXMT -- 4.4.1. Sample Collection and Characterization -- 4.4.2. Dual Energy Calibration -- 4.4.3. High-Resolution X-Ray Microtomography Calibration -- 4.4.4. Calibration of Mineral Standards -- 4.4.5. Calibration of Rare Earth Phosphate Sample -- 4.4.6. Duel Energy Radiography -- 4.4.7. High-Resolution X-Ray Microtomography -- 4.4.8. DE Radiography Results -- 4.4.9. HRXMT Scan Results -- 4.4.10. Particle Analysis from HRXMT -- 4.4.11. Conclusions and Recommendations -- 4.5. Part IV: Process Development on the Concentration of REE-containing Materials and Extraction of REEs -- 4.5.1. Extraction of Rare Earths from PG -- 4.5.2. Recovery of REEs from Phosphoric Acid Sludge -- 4.5.3. Recovery of REEs from Amine Flotation Tails.
4.5.4. Recovery of REEs from Phosphate Clay (Slime) -- 4.5.5. Recovery of REEs from Phosphate Rock -- 4.6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solutions -- 5.1. Solvent Extraction Basics -- 5.1.1. Operating Principles -- 5.1.2. Comparison with Solid Phase Ion Exchange and Selective Precipitation -- 5.1.3. Mechanisms and Extractants -- 5.1.4. Equipment -- 5.2. Challenges of Alternative Rare Earth Sources -- 5.2.1. Contaminants -- 5.2.2. Radionuclide Considerations -- 5.3. Testing and Design of Solvent Extraction Circuits -- 5.3.1. Extraction -- 5.3.2. Stripping -- 5.3.3. Considerations for Low Purity Streams -- 5.4. Case Study-Rare Earth Recovery from Fly Ash -- 5.4.1. Rare Earth Extraction -- 5.4.2. Rare Earth Stripping -- 5.4.3. Case Study Discussion -- 5.5. Future of Solvent Extraction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Crystallization -- 6.1. Industrial Applications -- 6.2. Fundamentals of Crystallization -- 6.3. Solubility Trends of Rare Earth Elements -- 6.4. Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements -- 6.5. Precipitation by Reagent Addition -- 6.5.1. Hydroxides -- 6.5.2. Carbonates -- 6.5.3. Oxalates -- 6.5.4. Sodium Double Sulfates -- 6.6. Redox Precipitation -- 6.7. Antisolvent Crystallization -- 6.8. Crystallization by Temperature Modification or Evaporation -- 6.9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Aqueous Electrochemical Processing of Rare Earth Elements: A Review -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Redox-Based Processing -- 7.2.1. Cerium (Ce) Processing from REEs -- 7.2.2. Europium (Eu) Separation from REEs -- 7.3. Liquid-Metal Cathode Studies -- 7.3.1. Application of a Liquid-Metal Cathode for REE Separations -- 7.3.2. Potential Substitutes to Hg LMC: Ga and Its Alloys.
7.3.3. Mechanisms Involving Amalgam Formation -- 7.3.4. Thermodynamics and Theoretical Potential of Amalgam Formation -- 7.4. Electrochemistry-Driven REE Magnet Dissolution and Recovery -- 7.4.1. REE Recovery from Magnet Leachate -- 7.4.2. Nd-Fe-B Magnet as Anode -- 7.4.3. Generation of Leachate Chemistry -- 7.5. Perspective and Conclusion -- 7.5.1. Discussion and Challenges -- 7.5.2. Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Beneficiation of Rare Earth Elements: Prospects for Biotechnology Deployment -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Technical Constraints for Bioleaching of REE-Containing Feedstocks -- 8.2.1. Reduced Versus Oxidized Feedstocks -- 8.2.2. Complex Chemical Composition of Feedstocks Leads to Complex Leachates -- 8.2.3. Feedstock Compatibility with Bioleaching Microbes -- 8.3. Technical Considerations for Bioseparation -- 8.3.1. Biological Ligand Chemistry -- 8.3.2. Effect of Leachate Chemical Composition on Biosorption -- 8.3.3. Stripping Agent Chemistry -- 8.3.4. Cell Immobilization for Biosorption -- 8.4. General Techno-Economics of Biorecovery -- 8.4.1. REE Bioleaching Economics -- 8.4.2. REE Bioseparation Economics -- 8.5. Conclusions and Directions for Future Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Adsorption-Based Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Surface Functional Groups or Ligands -- 9.3. Ion-Exchange Resins -- 9.3.1. Cation-Exchange Resins -- 9.3.2. Anion-Exchange Resins -- 9.3.3. Chelating Ion-Exchange Resins -- 9.4. Inorganic Adsorbents -- 9.5. Extractant Immobilized Materials -- 9.5.1. Organic Polymer-Based Supports -- 9.5.2. Inorganic Supports -- 9.6. Surface-Functionalized Adsorbents -- 9.6.1. Silica-Based Supports -- 9.6.2. Carbon-Based Supports -- 9.6.3 Other Supports/Adsorbents -- 9.7. Molecular-/Ion-Imprinted Polymers -- 9.8. Elution Solutions.
9.8.1. Mineral Acids -- 9.8.2. Organic Acids and Complexing Ligands -- 9.9. Application to Real Samples -- 9.9.1. Difficulties with Adsorption Data Present in Literature -- 9.10. Synopsis -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- EULA.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910889691203321
Karamalidis Athanasios K  
Newark : , : American Geophysical Union, , 2024
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Surface complexation modeling [[electronic resource] ] : gibbsite / / Athanasios K. Karamalidis, David A. Dzombak
Surface complexation modeling [[electronic resource] ] : gibbsite / / Athanasios K. Karamalidis, David A. Dzombak
Autore Karamalidis Athanasios K
Edizione [1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (312 p.)
Disciplina 546/.6732
Altri autori (Persone) DzombakDavid A
Soggetto topico Aluminum oxide - Solubility
Aluminum oxide - Surfaces - Simulation methods
Chemical models
Coordination compounds
Surface chemistry - Simulation methods
ISBN 1-118-06310-4
1-280-76777-4
9786613678546
0-470-64265-3
0-470-64266-1
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELING GIBBSITE; CONTENTS; FOREWORD; PREFACE; 1 ALUMINUM OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; 2 FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF GIBBSITE AND CLOSELY RELATED MINERALS; 3 TYPES OF AVAILABLE DATA; 4 DATA COMPILATION AND TREATMENT METHODS; 5 SURFACE PROPERTIES OF GIBBSITE; 6 CATION SORPTION ON GIBBSITE; 7 ANION SORPTION ON GIBBSITE; 8 COHERENCE AND EXTRAPOLATION OF THE RESULTS; REFERENCES; APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS; AUTHOR INDEX; SUBJECT INDEX
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139402803321
Karamalidis Athanasios K  
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Surface complexation modeling : gibbsite / / Athanasios K. Karamalidis, David A. Dzombak
Surface complexation modeling : gibbsite / / Athanasios K. Karamalidis, David A. Dzombak
Autore Karamalidis Athanasios K
Edizione [1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (312 p.)
Disciplina 546/.6732
Altri autori (Persone) DzombakDavid A
Soggetto topico Aluminum oxide - Solubility
Aluminum oxide - Surfaces - Simulation methods
Chemical models
Coordination compounds
Surface chemistry - Simulation methods
ISBN 1-118-06310-4
1-280-76777-4
9786613678546
0-470-64265-3
0-470-64266-1
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELING GIBBSITE; CONTENTS; FOREWORD; PREFACE; 1 ALUMINUM OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; 2 FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF GIBBSITE AND CLOSELY RELATED MINERALS; 3 TYPES OF AVAILABLE DATA; 4 DATA COMPILATION AND TREATMENT METHODS; 5 SURFACE PROPERTIES OF GIBBSITE; 6 CATION SORPTION ON GIBBSITE; 7 ANION SORPTION ON GIBBSITE; 8 COHERENCE AND EXTRAPOLATION OF THE RESULTS; REFERENCES; APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS; AUTHOR INDEX; SUBJECT INDEX
Record Nr. UNINA-9910811307803321
Karamalidis Athanasios K  
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui