| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor-in-Chief -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- Solar Thermal Energy: Introduction -- Glossary -- Section Content Overview -- Bibliography -- Solar Thermal Energy: History -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Renewable Energy Technologies -- History of Solar Energy -- Concentrating System for Power Production -- Solar Drying -- Solar Desalination -- History of Desalination -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Solar Thermal Concentrated Systems -- Estimation of Concentrated Solar Power Potential -- Glossary -- Abbreviations -- Definition of the Subject and its Importance -- Introduction -- Worldwide CSP Potential -- DNI Maps of Different World Regions -- Assessment Criteria for CSP Potential Analysis -- Exclusion Criteria -- DNI -- Slope of the Terrain -- Excluded Land -- Protected Areas -- Limiting Criteria -- Land Use -- Infrastructure (Roads, Power Transmission Lines) -- Geology and Natural Hazards (Earthquake, Storm, Flood, High Wind Load) -- Geomorphology/ Soil Characteristics -- Hydrology/ Water Demand/ Cooling Mode -- Energy Demand -- Impact (Acoustic, Visual) -- Methods and Examples -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Parabolic Trough Solar Technology -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject and its Importance -- Introduction -- Technology Description -- PTC Mirror -- Absorber (Receiver) -- Performance Properties of Receivers for PTC -- Support Structure -- Tracking and Drive Mechanism -- Foundation and Pylons -- Heat Transfer Fluid -- PTC Performance -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Linear Fresnel Collectors -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject and Its Importance -- Introduction -- Design of Linear Fresnel Reflectors -- Reference Area -- Receiver Design.
Benefits and Disadvantages -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Concentrating Receiver Systems (Solar Power Tower) -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject and Its Importance -- Introduction -- Advantages of the Use of CRS for Supply of Energy -- Concentrating Receiver Systems for Power Production -- Heliostat Field -- Heliostat Components -- Heliostat Types -- Heliostat Shapes -- Canted-Glass Mirror Heliostat -- Stretched-Membrane Focused and Nonfocused Heliostat -- Flat-Type Single-Mirror Heliostats -- Heliostat Size -- Heliostat Field Design -- Theoretical Considerations -- Heliostat Aiming Strategies -- Receiver -- Direct Absorption Receiver: Falling Particle or Molten Salt Liquid Film -- Tube Receiver -- Cavity Receiver -- Air Receiver -- Open Volumetric Receiver -- Pressured Volumetric Receiver -- Tower -- Providing Firm and Dispatchable Power -- Characteristics of Different Heat Transfer Fluids -- Molten Salt -- Water/Steam -- Air -- Others -- Increase of Operation Hours of CRS by Storage and Hybridization -- Storage -- Hybridization -- Examples of CRS Plants -- Research Facilities -- Solar One -- Solar Two -- National Solar Thermal Test Facility -- CESA-1 -- Themis -- CSIRO -- Solar Research Facility Unit -- Solar Tower Plant Jülich (STJ) -- Commercial -- Sierra SunTower -- PS10 -- PS20 -- Gemasolar -- Solar Tower Plant Jülich (STJ) -- Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project (Tonopah) -- Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating Station (ISEGS) -- Ashalim Solar Thermal Power Station (Megalim) -- NOOR III -- Khi Solar One -- Under Construction or Under Development -- Secondary Uses of CRS -- Economical Considerations -- Investment Costs -- Operation and Maintenance Costs -- Levelized Electricity Cost -- Future Cost Development -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Solar Dish Systems -- Glossary.
Definition of the Subject -- Definition of a Solar Dish -- Origins of Solar Dishes -- The Challenge of Low Cost -- Styles of Solar Dishes -- Evolution of Designs -- Size -- Tracking Style -- Structure -- Mirror Panels -- Power Conversion Units -- Stirling Engines -- Steam Engines -- Steam Generation -- Organic Rankine Cycles -- Air Brayton -- Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) -- Thermochemical -- Energy Storage -- Dish-Mounted Thermal Storage -- Central Thermal Storage -- Cost Reduction Opportunities -- Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Solar Updraft Towers -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject and Its Importance -- Introduction -- Solar Updraft Tower Technical Concept -- Principle -- Components -- Collector -- Glass Roof -- Designing the Canopy Near the Tower -- Vacuum-Cleaning the Roof -- Storage -- Tower -- Loads on the Tower -- Turbines -- Turbine Layout -- Airflow -- Calculations -- Flow Redirection into the Tower -- Generator -- Safety -- Physical Model -- Prototype -- Transferring the Results to Large-Scale Plants -- Large-Scale Solar Updraft Towers -- General System Advantages -- Electricity Generation Costs -- Future Directions -- References -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Part III: Application of Solar Thermal Concentrated Systems -- Parabolic Trough and Solar Tower Power Plants, Measuring Systems, Testing, and Monitoring Methods -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Site Survey with Weather Sensors -- Irradiation Measurement and Sunshine Forecast -- Further Weather Sensors and Measuring Stations for a Site Survey -- Surveying of the Sunshape -- Measurement of the Essential Features of Various Key Components -- Tests in the Mirror Field -- Inspection of the Geometric Quality of the Mirrors -- Deflectometry -- Photogrammetry -- Laser Scan Concept.
Inspection of the Quality of Reflection -- Technique for Measurement of the Orientation of Heliostats -- Use of Camera Drone for Thermal and Optical Surveys -- Examination of the Receiver -- Flux Density Measurement at the Absorber -- Flux Density Measurement: Measuring Methods on Solar Towers and Solar Ovens -- Flux Density Measurement: Measuring Methods on Parabolic Trough Systems and Fresnel Mirror Systems -- Receiver Reflection Method -- ParaScan -- Infrared Light Measurement at the Absorber -- References -- Dynamical Behavior of CSP Plants -- Glossary -- Introduction -- Dynamic Behavior: A Classification Related to Time Scales -- Dynamic Behavior of Parabolic Trough Systems -- Solar Field Temperature Control -- Solar Field Start-Up Process -- Coupling of the Solar Field to the Storage and Power Block -- Dynamic Behavior of Solar Tower Systems -- General Considerations -- Model Based Control Methods -- Operation of Molten Salt Receiver Systems -- Problematic Cloud Situations -- Nowcasting Systems -- Calculation of Annual Energy Production -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Solar Simulators -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Applications -- Space Solar Simulators -- Solar Simulators for PV Cells -- Solar Simulators for CSP -- Further Applications -- Light Sources -- General Requirements -- Airmass Spectra -- Classification of Spectral Matching -- Power Output -- Discharge Lamps -- Carbon Arc Lamp -- Xenon Short-Arc Lamp -- Metal Halide Lamp -- Argon Lamps -- Tungsten Halogen Lamp -- Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) -- Simulator Design -- Preliminary Remarks -- Optical Devices -- Reflectors -- Reflective Coating -- Fresnel Lenses -- High-Flux Solar Simulators -- Elliptic Reflector Based Design -- Fresnel Lens Based Design -- Low-Flux Solar Simulators -- Xenon Lamp Based Design -- LED-Based Design.
Halogen-LED Hybrid Solar Simulators -- Flux Measurement and Flux Profiles -- Flux Measurements -- Strategies for Setting Up the Required Flux Profile -- Outlook -- Bibliography -- Further Reading -- Porous Materials for Solar Energy Harvesting, Transformation, and Storage -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- The Basic Receiver Principles -- The Basic Receiver/Reactor Principles -- The Basic Principles of Thermochemical Storage Technology -- Physical Requirements of Porous Structures for Use as Receivers -- Porous Structures Applied as Volumetric or Tube Receivers -- Extruded Silicon Carbide Catalyst Carriers (Hitrec) -- Additively Manufactured Metals -- Advanced Cellular Metal Honeycombs -- Engineered Hybrid Tube Receivers -- Metal Wire Meshes -- Ceramic Foams -- SiC Fiber Mesh -- Screen Printed Absorber Samples (Direct Typing Process) -- Material Combinations -- Overview -- Porous Structures Used as Receiver/Reactors -- Porous Structures in Thermochemical Storage Systems -- Absorber Qualification -- Physical Restrictions of Volumetric Receivers -- Experimental Determination of Non-stable Flow -- Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- Thermal Energy Storage -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Principles of Sensible Heat Storage -- Solid Storage Materials -- Liquid Storage Materials -- Applications of Water Storages for Solar Energy -- Molten Salt -- Further Liquid Storage Materials -- Principles of Latent Heat Storage -- Cold Storage (0 C and Below) -- Low-Temperature Storage (0-120 C) -- Salt Hydrates -- Paraffins -- Applications for Solar Heating and Cooling -- High-Temperature PCM Storage (Above 120 C) -- Heat Transfer Concepts and Composites -- Principles of Chemical Heat Storage -- Gas-Solid Dissociation Reactions -- Catalytic Reactions -- Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power.
Classification of Thermal Storage Systems.
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Mcevoy's handbook of photovoltaics : fundamentals and applications / / edited by Soteris Kalogirou
