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Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
| Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| Autore | Prugh Richard W |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (172 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660.2804 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | JohnsonRobert W <1955-> (Robert William) |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Environmental aspects
Petroleum chemicals industry - Environmental aspects Vapors - Environmental aspects Hazardous substances - Environmental aspects |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-282-81743-4
9786612817434 0-470-93837-4 0-470-93836-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guideline for Vapor Release Mitigation; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Summary; Glossary; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.3 Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.3.1 Flammable Vapor Clouds; 1.3.2 Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.3 Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.4 Other Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.4 Forms of Vapor Release; 1.5 Release Causes; 1.6 Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.6.1 Toxic Effects; 1.6.2 Fires; 1.6.3 Explosions; 1.7 Analysis of the Need for Mitigation; 1.8 Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches
2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants2.1 Inventory Reduction; 2.2 Chemical Substitution; 2.3 Process Modification; 2.3.1 Refrigerated Storage; 2.3.2 Dilution; 2.4 Siting Considerations; 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation; 3.1 Plant Physical Integrity; 3.1.1 Design Practices; 3.1.2 Materials of Construction; 3.2 Process Integrity; 3.2.1 Identification of Reactants and Solvents; 3.2.2 Limits on Operating Conditions; 3.2.3 Process Control Systems; 3.2.4 Pressure Relief Systems; 3.2.4.1 Relief Devices; 3.2.4.2 Relief Headers; 3.3 Process Design Features for Emergency Control 3.3.1 Emergency Relief Treatment Systems3.3.1.1 Active Scrubbers.; 3.3.1.2 Passive Scrubbers; 3.3.1.3 Stacks; 3.3.1.4 Flares; 3.3.1.5 Catchtanks for Vapor-Liquid Separation; 3.3.1.6 Incinerators; 3.3.1.7 Absorbers; 3.3.1.8 Adsorbers; 3.3.1.9 Condensers; 3.3.2 Emergency Process Abort Systems; 3.3.3 Emergency Isolation of Leak/Break; 3.3.3.1 Isolation Devices; 3.3.3.2 Remote Isolation.; 3.3.3.3 Inspection and Testing of Isolation Devices; 3.3.4 Emergency Transfer of Materials; 3.3.4.1 Transfer of Vapor/Cover Gas to Reduce Driving Pressure 3.3.4.2 Transfer of Liquids to Reduce Inventory Available for Release3.4 Spill Containment; 3.4.1 Double Containment; 3.4.2 Enclosures and Walls; 3.4.3 Dikes, Curbs, Trenches, and Impoundments; 4. Process Safety Management Approaches to Mitigation; 4.1 Operating Policies and Procedures; 4.2 Training for Vapor Release Prevention and Control; 4.3 Audits and Inspections; 4.4 Equipment Testing; 4.5 Maintenance Programs; 4.6 Modifications and Changes; 4.7 Methods for Stopping a Leak; 4.7.1 Patching; 4.7.2 Freezing; 4.8 Security; 5. Mitigation through Early Vapor Detection and Warning 5.1 Detectors and Sensors5.1.1 Types of Sensors; 5.1.1.1 Combustion; 5.1.1.2 Catalytic; 5.1.1.3 Electrical; 5.1.1.4 Chemical Reaction; 5.1.1.5 Visual; 5.1.1.6 Absorption/Scattering; 5.1.2 Response Time of Sensors; 5.1.3 Positioning of Sensors; 5.2 Detection by Personnel; 5.2.1 Odor Warning Properties; 5.2.2 Color or Fog; 5.3 Alarm Systems; 6. Mitigation through Countermeasures; 6.1 Vapor/Liquid Releases; 6.2 Vapor Release Countermeasures; 6.2.1 Water Sprays; 6.2.2 Water Curtains; 6.2.3 Steam Curtains; 6.2.4 Air Curtains; 6.2.5 Deliberate Ignition; 6.2.6 Ignition Source Control 6.3 Liquid Release Countermeasures |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910140751903321 |
Prugh Richard W
|
||
| New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
| Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| Autore | Prugh Richard W |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (172 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660.2804 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | JohnsonRobert W <1955-> (Robert William) |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Environmental aspects
Petroleum chemicals industry - Environmental aspects Vapors - Environmental aspects Hazardous substances - Environmental aspects |
| ISBN |
1-282-81743-4
9786612817434 0-470-93837-4 0-470-93836-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guideline for Vapor Release Mitigation; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Summary; Glossary; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.3 Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.3.1 Flammable Vapor Clouds; 1.3.2 Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.3 Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.4 Other Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.4 Forms of Vapor Release; 1.5 Release Causes; 1.6 Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.6.1 Toxic Effects; 1.6.2 Fires; 1.6.3 Explosions; 1.7 Analysis of the Need for Mitigation; 1.8 Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches
2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants2.1 Inventory Reduction; 2.2 Chemical Substitution; 2.3 Process Modification; 2.3.1 Refrigerated Storage; 2.3.2 Dilution; 2.4 Siting Considerations; 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation; 3.1 Plant Physical Integrity; 3.1.1 Design Practices; 3.1.2 Materials of Construction; 3.2 Process Integrity; 3.2.1 Identification of Reactants and Solvents; 3.2.2 Limits on Operating Conditions; 3.2.3 Process Control Systems; 3.2.4 Pressure Relief Systems; 3.2.4.1 Relief Devices; 3.2.4.2 Relief Headers; 3.3 Process Design Features for Emergency Control 3.3.1 Emergency Relief Treatment Systems3.3.1.1 Active Scrubbers.; 3.3.1.2 Passive Scrubbers; 3.3.1.3 Stacks; 3.3.1.4 Flares; 3.3.1.5 Catchtanks for Vapor-Liquid Separation; 3.3.1.6 Incinerators; 3.3.1.7 Absorbers; 3.3.1.8 Adsorbers; 3.3.1.9 Condensers; 3.3.2 Emergency Process Abort Systems; 3.3.3 Emergency Isolation of Leak/Break; 3.3.3.1 Isolation Devices; 3.3.3.2 Remote Isolation.; 3.3.3.3 Inspection and Testing of Isolation Devices; 3.3.4 Emergency Transfer of Materials; 3.3.4.1 Transfer of Vapor/Cover Gas to Reduce Driving Pressure 3.3.4.2 Transfer of Liquids to Reduce Inventory Available for Release3.4 Spill Containment; 3.4.1 Double Containment; 3.4.2 Enclosures and Walls; 3.4.3 Dikes, Curbs, Trenches, and Impoundments; 4. Process Safety Management Approaches to Mitigation; 4.1 Operating Policies and Procedures; 4.2 Training for Vapor Release Prevention and Control; 4.3 Audits and Inspections; 4.4 Equipment Testing; 4.5 Maintenance Programs; 4.6 Modifications and Changes; 4.7 Methods for Stopping a Leak; 4.7.1 Patching; 4.7.2 Freezing; 4.8 Security; 5. Mitigation through Early Vapor Detection and Warning 5.1 Detectors and Sensors5.1.1 Types of Sensors; 5.1.1.1 Combustion; 5.1.1.2 Catalytic; 5.1.1.3 Electrical; 5.1.1.4 Chemical Reaction; 5.1.1.5 Visual; 5.1.1.6 Absorption/Scattering; 5.1.2 Response Time of Sensors; 5.1.3 Positioning of Sensors; 5.2 Detection by Personnel; 5.2.1 Odor Warning Properties; 5.2.2 Color or Fog; 5.3 Alarm Systems; 6. Mitigation through Countermeasures; 6.1 Vapor/Liquid Releases; 6.2 Vapor Release Countermeasures; 6.2.1 Water Sprays; 6.2.2 Water Curtains; 6.2.3 Steam Curtains; 6.2.4 Air Curtains; 6.2.5 Deliberate Ignition; 6.2.6 Ignition Source Control 6.3 Liquid Release Countermeasures |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996218406503316 |
|
Prugh Richard W
|
||
| New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
| Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| Autore | Prugh Richard W |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (172 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660.2804 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | JohnsonRobert W <1955-> (Robert William) |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Environmental aspects
Petroleum chemicals industry - Environmental aspects Vapors - Environmental aspects Hazardous substances - Environmental aspects |
| ISBN |
1-282-81743-4
9786612817434 0-470-93837-4 0-470-93836-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guideline for Vapor Release Mitigation; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Summary; Glossary; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.3 Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.3.1 Flammable Vapor Clouds; 1.3.2 Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.3 Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.4 Other Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.4 Forms of Vapor Release; 1.5 Release Causes; 1.6 Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.6.1 Toxic Effects; 1.6.2 Fires; 1.6.3 Explosions; 1.7 Analysis of the Need for Mitigation; 1.8 Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches
2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants2.1 Inventory Reduction; 2.2 Chemical Substitution; 2.3 Process Modification; 2.3.1 Refrigerated Storage; 2.3.2 Dilution; 2.4 Siting Considerations; 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation; 3.1 Plant Physical Integrity; 3.1.1 Design Practices; 3.1.2 Materials of Construction; 3.2 Process Integrity; 3.2.1 Identification of Reactants and Solvents; 3.2.2 Limits on Operating Conditions; 3.2.3 Process Control Systems; 3.2.4 Pressure Relief Systems; 3.2.4.1 Relief Devices; 3.2.4.2 Relief Headers; 3.3 Process Design Features for Emergency Control 3.3.1 Emergency Relief Treatment Systems3.3.1.1 Active Scrubbers.; 3.3.1.2 Passive Scrubbers; 3.3.1.3 Stacks; 3.3.1.4 Flares; 3.3.1.5 Catchtanks for Vapor-Liquid Separation; 3.3.1.6 Incinerators; 3.3.1.7 Absorbers; 3.3.1.8 Adsorbers; 3.3.1.9 Condensers; 3.3.2 Emergency Process Abort Systems; 3.3.3 Emergency Isolation of Leak/Break; 3.3.3.1 Isolation Devices; 3.3.3.2 Remote Isolation.; 3.3.3.3 Inspection and Testing of Isolation Devices; 3.3.4 Emergency Transfer of Materials; 3.3.4.1 Transfer of Vapor/Cover Gas to Reduce Driving Pressure 3.3.4.2 Transfer of Liquids to Reduce Inventory Available for Release3.4 Spill Containment; 3.4.1 Double Containment; 3.4.2 Enclosures and Walls; 3.4.3 Dikes, Curbs, Trenches, and Impoundments; 4. Process Safety Management Approaches to Mitigation; 4.1 Operating Policies and Procedures; 4.2 Training for Vapor Release Prevention and Control; 4.3 Audits and Inspections; 4.4 Equipment Testing; 4.5 Maintenance Programs; 4.6 Modifications and Changes; 4.7 Methods for Stopping a Leak; 4.7.1 Patching; 4.7.2 Freezing; 4.8 Security; 5. Mitigation through Early Vapor Detection and Warning 5.1 Detectors and Sensors5.1.1 Types of Sensors; 5.1.1.1 Combustion; 5.1.1.2 Catalytic; 5.1.1.3 Electrical; 5.1.1.4 Chemical Reaction; 5.1.1.5 Visual; 5.1.1.6 Absorption/Scattering; 5.1.2 Response Time of Sensors; 5.1.3 Positioning of Sensors; 5.2 Detection by Personnel; 5.2.1 Odor Warning Properties; 5.2.2 Color or Fog; 5.3 Alarm Systems; 6. Mitigation through Countermeasures; 6.1 Vapor/Liquid Releases; 6.2 Vapor Release Countermeasures; 6.2.1 Water Sprays; 6.2.2 Water Curtains; 6.2.3 Steam Curtains; 6.2.4 Air Curtains; 6.2.5 Deliberate Ignition; 6.2.6 Ignition Source Control 6.3 Liquid Release Countermeasures |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830194703321 |
|
Prugh Richard W
|
||
| New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
| Guidelines for vapor release mitigation [[electronic resource] /] / prepared by Richard W. Prugh and Robert W. Johnson for Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| Autore | Prugh Richard W |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (172 p.) |
| Disciplina | 660.2804 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | JohnsonRobert W <1955-> (Robert William) |
| Soggetto topico |
Chemical plants - Environmental aspects
Petroleum chemicals industry - Environmental aspects Vapors - Environmental aspects Hazardous substances - Environmental aspects |
| ISBN |
1-282-81743-4
9786612817434 0-470-93837-4 0-470-93836-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Guideline for Vapor Release Mitigation; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Summary; Glossary; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.3 Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.3.1 Flammable Vapor Clouds; 1.3.2 Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.3 Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds; 1.3.4 Other Types of Vapor Clouds; 1.4 Forms of Vapor Release; 1.5 Release Causes; 1.6 Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases; 1.6.1 Toxic Effects; 1.6.2 Fires; 1.6.3 Explosions; 1.7 Analysis of the Need for Mitigation; 1.8 Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches
2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants2.1 Inventory Reduction; 2.2 Chemical Substitution; 2.3 Process Modification; 2.3.1 Refrigerated Storage; 2.3.2 Dilution; 2.4 Siting Considerations; 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation; 3.1 Plant Physical Integrity; 3.1.1 Design Practices; 3.1.2 Materials of Construction; 3.2 Process Integrity; 3.2.1 Identification of Reactants and Solvents; 3.2.2 Limits on Operating Conditions; 3.2.3 Process Control Systems; 3.2.4 Pressure Relief Systems; 3.2.4.1 Relief Devices; 3.2.4.2 Relief Headers; 3.3 Process Design Features for Emergency Control 3.3.1 Emergency Relief Treatment Systems3.3.1.1 Active Scrubbers.; 3.3.1.2 Passive Scrubbers; 3.3.1.3 Stacks; 3.3.1.4 Flares; 3.3.1.5 Catchtanks for Vapor-Liquid Separation; 3.3.1.6 Incinerators; 3.3.1.7 Absorbers; 3.3.1.8 Adsorbers; 3.3.1.9 Condensers; 3.3.2 Emergency Process Abort Systems; 3.3.3 Emergency Isolation of Leak/Break; 3.3.3.1 Isolation Devices; 3.3.3.2 Remote Isolation.; 3.3.3.3 Inspection and Testing of Isolation Devices; 3.3.4 Emergency Transfer of Materials; 3.3.4.1 Transfer of Vapor/Cover Gas to Reduce Driving Pressure 3.3.4.2 Transfer of Liquids to Reduce Inventory Available for Release3.4 Spill Containment; 3.4.1 Double Containment; 3.4.2 Enclosures and Walls; 3.4.3 Dikes, Curbs, Trenches, and Impoundments; 4. Process Safety Management Approaches to Mitigation; 4.1 Operating Policies and Procedures; 4.2 Training for Vapor Release Prevention and Control; 4.3 Audits and Inspections; 4.4 Equipment Testing; 4.5 Maintenance Programs; 4.6 Modifications and Changes; 4.7 Methods for Stopping a Leak; 4.7.1 Patching; 4.7.2 Freezing; 4.8 Security; 5. Mitigation through Early Vapor Detection and Warning 5.1 Detectors and Sensors5.1.1 Types of Sensors; 5.1.1.1 Combustion; 5.1.1.2 Catalytic; 5.1.1.3 Electrical; 5.1.1.4 Chemical Reaction; 5.1.1.5 Visual; 5.1.1.6 Absorption/Scattering; 5.1.2 Response Time of Sensors; 5.1.3 Positioning of Sensors; 5.2 Detection by Personnel; 5.2.1 Odor Warning Properties; 5.2.2 Color or Fog; 5.3 Alarm Systems; 6. Mitigation through Countermeasures; 6.1 Vapor/Liquid Releases; 6.2 Vapor Release Countermeasures; 6.2.1 Water Sprays; 6.2.2 Water Curtains; 6.2.3 Steam Curtains; 6.2.4 Air Curtains; 6.2.5 Deliberate Ignition; 6.2.6 Ignition Source Control 6.3 Liquid Release Countermeasures |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910841772703321 |
|
Prugh Richard W
|
||
| New York, N.Y., : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1988 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||