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Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Introduction -- 1 Urmson's "Saints and Heroes" -- 2 Deontic Logic and Its Limits -- 3 Duties to Act Supererogatorily? -- 4 Reason-Based Accounts -- 5 New Domains of Supererogation -- 6 Virtue Ethics, Feminism and Collectives -- 7 Religions and the Challenge of Supererogation -- References -- Saints and Heroes -- Supererogation and Duty -- 1 Supererogation and Positive Duties -- 2 Supererogatory Acquiescence, Negative Duties, and the Trolley Problem -- 3 Duties that Become Supererogatory? -- 4 Supererogation That Becomes Dutiful and Secondary Permissibility -- 5 Conclusion -- Supererogation, Conditional Obligation, and the All or Nothing Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Optimific Altruism -- 3 Conditional Obligation -- 4 Summary -- References -- Latitude, Supererogation, and Imperfect Duties -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Broadly Kantian Account of the Distinction Between Perfect and Imperfect Duties -- 3 Supererogation and Going Above and Beyond the Call of Imperfect Duty -- 4 Do Imperfect Duties Provide Us with the Right Amount of Latitude? -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Staircase Scene: Supererogation and Moral Attunement -- 1 The Puzzle -- 2 Supererogation and Moral Requirement -- 3 Indignation and Collective Obligations -- 4 Two Moralities -- 5 What Is Duty? -- 6 Supererogatory Moral Salience -- 6.1 Attunement, Salience, and the Upright Agent -- 6.2 Going Beyond Upright Attunement -- 7 Objections -- 7.1 Indignation not Appropriate -- 7.2 Is This Really Supererogation? -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Must Virtue Be Heroic? Virtue Ethics and the Possibility of Supererogation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hursthouse's Revisionary Account of Supererogation -- 3 Annas's Rejection of Supererogation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Expected, the Contra-Expected, the Supererogatory, and the Suberogatory.
1 Introduction -- 2 The Expected and the Contra-Expected -- 3 The Supererogatory and the Suberogatory -- 4 The Moral-Normative Rationale for the Morally Expected and the Morally Contra-Expected -- 5 The Deontic Asymmetry of the Supererogatory and the Suberogatory -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Supererogation and Its Conceptual Neighborhood Through a DWE Lens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 DWE and Logical Features of Supererogation and Affiliated Concepts -- 2.1 The Traditional Deontic Scheme -- 2.2 The Traditional Scheme, Supererogation, Indifference, and Urmson's Constraint -- 2.3 Additional Concepts in the Neighborhood and Logical Connections -- 2.4 The DWE Framework -- 3 Adding an Aretaic Module: Agent Evaluation, Supererogation, and Suberogation -- 3.1 A Framework for Agent-Evaluative Appraisal -- 3.2 Integrating DWE's More Act-Evaluative Notions with AA's Agent-Evaluative Notions -- 4 Digging a Bit Deeper and Wrapping Up -- 4.1 Interlude: Revisiting the DWE Structures -- 4.2 Some Brief Additional Reflections and Conclusion -- References -- Supererogation and the Limits of Reasons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Classic Paradox -- 3 Equal Weight -- 4 The Shadow Paradox -- 5 Favoring Reasons -- 6 All or Nothing: The Need for Justifying Reasons -- 7 Are Justifying Reasons Reasons? -- 8 If Not Reasons, then What? -- References -- The Evaluative Condition for Supererogation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Comparative Account -- 2.1 Rejecting a Non-comparative Account of Goodness -- 2.2 Rejecting a Before-and-After Comparison -- 2.3 Good, Better, Best -- 3 The Point of Comparison -- 3.1 Better than What? -- 3.2 Equally-Costly Actions and Equally-Beneficial Actions -- 3.3 An Objection -- 4 A Beneficiary-Relative Account of Goodness -- 4.1 Cases Where the Beneficiaries Differ -- 4.2 Building in the Relativity of Goodness -- 5 Suberogation -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography.
Supererogation and Forgiveness -- 1 What is Forgiveness? What is It not? -- 1.1 Ignoring -- 1.2 Excusing (and Justifying) -- 1.3 Letting Go -- 1.4 Retaliating and Protesting -- 1.5 Nursing One's Justified Anger -- 2 Forgiveness -- 3 Should the Victim Forgive? -- 3.1 The Conditionalist Accounts -- 3.2 The Unconditionalist Account -- 4 Forgiveness and Choice -- 4.1 The Sunflower -- References -- Promise-Making and Supererogation -- 1 Supererogatory Promises -- 2 The Deontic Status of Promise-Making -- 3 Can One Promise to Supererogate? -- 4 The Individuation of a Promised Action -- 4.1 A single action -- 4.2 Two actions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- What's the Use of Non-moral Supererogation? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Moral Supererogation -- 3 Prudential Supererogation -- 4 Epistemic Supererogation -- 5 Aesthetic Supererogation -- 6 Sporting Supererogation -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Going Above and Beyond: Non-moral Analogues of Moral Supererogation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Moral Supererogation -- 3 Supererogation in Other Normative Domains -- 4 The Critical Reaction Account -- 5 Benn and Bales on Prudential Supererogation -- 6 A Challenge to the Critical Reaction Account -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Feminist Perspectives on Supererogation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The 'Saints and Heroes' of the Supererogation Debate: A Feminist Analysis -- 3 Can Feminist Ethics Make Room for the Supererogatory? -- 4 Beyond the Call of Duty: Feminist Deconstructions of Supererogatory Types of Actions -- 5 New Hero*ines? Insights from Feminist Epistemology, Social and Political Philosophy -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Supererogation in Christianity -- 1 Christian Origins of Supererogation -- 2 The Counsels of the New Testament -- 3 The Early Fathers of the Church -- 4 Aquinas' Opera Supererogationis.
5 Criticism of the Doctrine of Supererogation -- 6 Opera Supererogationis After the Reformation -- References -- Supererogation and Protestantism -- 1 Background -- 2 The Protestant Reformation -- 3 Contemporary Protestantism-A Skeptical View of Supererogation -- 4 Contemporary Protestantism-The Acceptance of Supererogation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Does Judaism Recognize the Supererogatory? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Jewish Anti-Supererogationism -- 3 Qualified Supererogation -- 4 Unqualified Supererogation -- References -- Islamic Narratives of Duty, Supererogation, and Ithar -- 1 Pre-Islamic Supererogation Heritage -- 2 Timing of Duty -- 3 Atharah(t) Versus Ithar -- 4 Forgiveness as Supererogatory -- Supererogation in Buddhism -- References.
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Handbook of Supererogation / / David Heyd, editor
