| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Maps -- Introduction -- 1 The MDKD in the Context of Kurdish Linguistics -- 2 MDKD Design and Methodology -- 3 The Chapters -- References -- Lexical Variation and Semantic Change in Kurdish -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Previous Research -- 3 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 4 Method -- 5 Results -- 5.1 'Child' -- 5.2 'Girl/Daughter' -- 5.3 'Son/Boy' -- 5.4 'Mountain' -- 5.5 'River' -- 5.6 'Snow' -- 5.7 'Green' -- 5.8 'Red' -- 5.9 'Factory' -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- Appendix -- Abbreviations -- References -- Phonological Variation in Kurdish -- 1 Introduction1 -- 2 Scope and Limitations -- 3 Phonological Variation: Vowels -- 3.1 Transcription of Vowels -- 3.2 Structure of NK and CK Vowel Inventories -- 3.3 Geographic Variation in Vowel Distribution -- 4 Phonological Variation: Consonants -- 4.1 Transcription of Consonants -- 4.2 Structure of NK and CK Consonant Inventories -- 4.3 Geographic Variation in Consonant Distribution -- 5 Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Case in Kurdish -- 1 Introduction: Theory and Terminology -- 2 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in Kurdish -- 2.1 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in CK Dialects -- 2.2 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in NK Dialects -- A in Past Tenses -- O in Present/Non-past Tenses -- Post-predicate Goals -- Complement of Adpositions -- Possessor in Ezafe -- 3 Subject and Direct Objects (S, A, and O) in Kurdish -- 3.1 Subjects and Direct Objects in SK -- 3.2 Subjects and Direct Objects in CK -- 3.3 Subjects and Direct Objects in NK -- 3.4 Interim Summary -- 4 Non-structural Cases in Kurdish -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References.
Pronominal Clitics Across Kurdish: Areal Distribution, Structural Variation, and Diachrony -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Comparative Description of Pronominal Clitics in Kurdish Varieties -- 2.1 Pronominal Clitics in Northern Kurdish -- Forms of Pronominal Clitics in NK -- Functions of Pronominal Clitics in NK -- Placement of Pronominal Clitics in NK -- 2.2 Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish -- Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish -- Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish -- Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish -- Restrictions on Multiple Clitics in Central Kurdish -- Realization of a Direct Object in Central Kurdish -- 2.3 Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish -- Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish -- Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish -- Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish -- 2.4 Pronominal Clitics in Laki -- Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Laki -- Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Laki -- Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Laki -- Restrictions on Multiple Cliticization in Laki -- Order in Clitic and Affix Sequences in Laki -- 2.5 Pronominal Clitics in Gorani -- Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani -- Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani -- Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani -- Restrictions on Multiple Cliticization in Gorani -- Clitic and Affix Sequences in Gorani -- 3 Areal and Historical Patterns in the Forms and Grammar of Pronominal Clitics in Kurdish Dialects -- 3.1 Variation in Pronominal Clitic Forms in Kurdish -- 3.2 The Range of Pronominal Clitic Functions Across Kurdish -- 3.3 Variation in the Placement of Pronominal Clitics -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- A Cross-Dialect Account of Kurdish Past Tense Categories, with Special Reference to Southern Kurdish -- 1 Introduction and Goals -- 2 Sources.
3 Generalities on Past Tense/Aspect Forms in Iranian -- 3.1 Generalities on Past Tense/Aspect Forms in Kurdish -- 4 Preterit -- 4.1 Morphology of Kurdish Preterits -- 4.2 Semantics of Kurdish Preterits -- 5 Imperfect -- 5.1 Morphology of Kurdish Imperfects -- 5.2 Semantics of Kurdish Imperfects -- 6 Progressive Periphrasis -- 7 (Present) Perfect -- 7.1 Morphology of Kurdish (Present) Perfects -- 7.2 Semantics of Kurdish (Present) Perfects -- 8 Pluperfect (Past Perfect) -- 8.1 Morphology of Kurdish Pluperfects (Past Perfects) -- 8.2 Semantics of Kurdish Pluperfects (Past Perfects) -- 9 Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Adpositions in Kurdish -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inventory of Adpositions -- 2.1 Core Adpositions -- 2.2 Absolute Adpositions -- 2.3 Other Adpositions -- 2.4 Compound Adpositions and Nominal Prepositions -- 2.5 Loans -- 3 Prepositions -- 4 Postpositions -- 5 Circumpositions -- 6 Absolute Adpositions -- 6.1 Distribution of Absolute Adpositions -- 6.2 Complements of Absolute Adpositions -- 7 Semantic Functions of Adpositions in Kurdish -- 7.1 Semantic Categorization -- 7.2 Instrument and Comitative -- 7.3 Ablative and Locative -- 7.4 Allative, Addressee, Recipient, and Benefactive -- 8 Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Post-Predicate Constituents in Kurdish -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Post-Predicate Elements in the Duhok Variety of Northern Kurdish -- 2.1 Goals of Verbs of Motion -- 2.2 Goals with Verbs of Caused Motion -- 2.3 Recipients of dan 'Give' -- 2.4 Addressees of 'say' gotin -- 2.5 Final State Complements of Inchoative 'become' (bûn) -- 2.6 Light Verb Complements -- 2.7 Summary of Post-Predicate Elements in Duhok Kurmanjî -- 3 The Areal Distribution of Post-Predicate Constituents in Kurdish -- 3.1 PLACE and OBLIQUE Constituents in the MDKD.
3.2 Goals of Verbs of (Caused) Motion in the MDKD -- Discussion -- 3.3 Recipients of 'Give' -- 3.4 Preliminary Conclusion -- 4 Addressees of 'Say/Tell' -- 4.1 Word Order of Addressees in Northern Kurdish -- 4.2 The Interaction of Word Order and Flagging with Addressees -- 4.3 Summary of Addressees of 'Say/Tell' -- 5 Explanations -- 5.1 Synchronic Approaches -- 6 The Diachronics of OVX Order in Kurdish -- 6.1 OVX Through the Inheritance of Nominal Syntax (Nikitina 2011) -- 6.2 The Diachrony of OVX Word Order in Kurdish -- 7 Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- The Typology of Connectivity and Complex Constructions in Kurdish Dialects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Coordination and Chaining -- 2.1 Conjunctive/Additive -- 2.2 Focused Conjunctive -- 2.3 Alignment and Coreferentiality -- 2.4 Disjunctive -- 2.5 Adversative/Contrastive -- 2.6 Sequential -- 2.7 Summary of Coordinators and Sequential Markers -- 3 Relative Clauses -- 4 Complement Clauses -- 4.1 Phasals -- 4.2 Modals -- 4.3 Manipulatives -- 4.4 Desiderative -- 4.5 Perception -- 4.6 Knowledge -- 4.7 Propositional Attitude -- 4.8 Utterance -- 4.9 Summary of Complement Clauses -- 5 Adverbial Subordination -- 5.1 Co-temporal -- 5.2 Anterior and Posterior -- 5.3 Reason -- 5.4 Purpose -- 5.5 Concessive -- 5.6 Conditional -- 5.7 Summary of Adverbial Clauses -- 6 Discussion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Index.
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Documenting endangered languages [[electronic resource] ] : achievements and perspectives / / edited by Geoffrey Haig ... [et al.]
