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Broadband access : wireline and wireless--alternatives for Internet services / / Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc. USA, Arvind R. Raghavan, Blue Clover Devices, USA, Thomas Starr, Stefano Galli, ASSIA Inc., USA
Broadband access : wireline and wireless--alternatives for Internet services / / Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc. USA, Arvind R. Raghavan, Blue Clover Devices, USA, Thomas Starr, Stefano Galli, ASSIA Inc., USA
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (447 p.)
Disciplina 384.3/3
Altri autori (Persone) GorsheSteve
RaghavanArvind
StarrThomas (Thomas J.J.)
GalliStefano (Telecommunications engineer)
Soggetto topico Broadband communication systems
Computer networks - Standards
Internet access
ISBN 1-118-87879-5
1-118-87877-9
1-118-87880-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- About the Authors xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xix -- 1 Introduction to Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 A Brief History of the Access Network 2 -- 1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) 3 -- 1.3.1 DSL Technologies and Their Evolution 3 -- 1.3.2 DSL System Technologies 5 -- 1.4 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable (HFC) 5 -- 1.5 Power Line Communications (PLC) 6 -- 1.6 Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 7 -- 1.7 Wireless Broadband Access 10 -- 1.8 Direct Point-to-Point Connections 12 -- Appendix 1.A: Voiceband Modems 12 -- 2 Introduction to Fiber Optic Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.2 A Brief History of Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 16 -- 2.3 Introduction to PON Systems 18 -- 2.3.1 PON System Overview 18 -- 2.3.2 PON Protocol Evolution 19 -- 2.4 FITL Technology Considerations 21 -- 2.4.1 Optical Components 21 -- 2.4.2 Powering the Loop 22 -- 2.4.3 System Power Savings 23 -- 2.4.4 PON Reach Extension 25 -- 2.5 Introduction to PON Network Protection 30 -- 2.5.1 Background on Network Protection 31 -- 2.5.2 PON Facility Protection 31 -- 2.5.3 OLT Function Protection 35 -- 2.5.4 ONU Protection 40 -- 2.5.5 Conclusions Regarding Protection 42 -- 2.6 Conclusions 42 -- Appendix 2.A: Subscriber Power Considerations 43 -- References 43 -- Further Reading 43 -- 3 IEEE Passive Optical Networks 45 -- 3.1 Introduction 45 -- 3.2 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet-based PON (EPON) 45 -- 3.2.1 EPON Physical Layer 46 -- 3.2.2 Signal Formats 46 -- 3.2.3 MAC Protocol 48 -- 3.2.4 Encryption and Security 49 -- 3.2.5 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 50 -- 3.2.6 ONU Discovery and Activation 51 -- 3.2.7 ONU Ranging Mechanism 52 -- 3.2.8 EPON OAM 52 -- 3.2.9 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 53 -- 3.3 IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet-based PON (10G EPON) 54 -- 3.3.1 10G EPON Physical Layer 54 -- 3.3.2 Signal Format 58 -- 3.3.3 MAC Protocol 59 -- 3.3.4 Forward Error Correction 59 -- 3.3.5 ONU Discovery and Activation 61.
3.3.6 ONU Ranging Mechanism 61 -- 3.3.7 10G EPON OAM 61 -- 3.3.8 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 61 -- 3.4 Summary Comparison of EPON and 10G EPON 61 -- 3.5 Transport of Timing and Synchronization over EPON and 10G EPON 61 -- 3.6 Overview of the IEEE 1904.1 Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) 63 -- 3.6.1 SIEPON MAC Functional Blocks 65 / / 3.6.2 VLAN Support 67 -- 3.6.3 Multicast Service 67 -- 3.6.4 SIEPON Service Management 67 -- 3.6.5 Performance Monitoring and Verification 69 -- 3.6.6 SIEPON Service Availability 70 -- 3.6.7 SIEPON Optical Link Protection 70 -- 3.6.8 SIEPON Power Savings 70 -- 3.6.9 SIEPON Security Mechanisms 71 -- 3.6.10 SIEPON Management 71 -- 3.7 ITU-T G.9801 Ethernet Passive Optical Networks using OMCI 71 -- 3.8 Conclusions 71 -- Appendix 3.A: 64B/66B Line Code 72 -- References 75 -- Further Readings 75 -- 4 ITU-T/FSAN PON Protocols 77 -- 4.1 Introduction 77 -- 4.2 ITU-T G.983 Series B-PON (Broadband PON) 78 -- 4.3 ITU-T G.984 Series G-PON (Gigabit-capable PON) 79 -- 4.3.1 G-PON Physical Layer 79 -- 4.3.2 G-PON Frame Formats 81 -- 4.3.3 G-PON Encapsulation Method (GEM) 87 -- 4.3.4 G-PON Multiplexing 91 -- 4.3.5 Encryption and Security 92 -- 4.3.6 Forward Error Correction 92 -- 4.3.7 Protection Switching 94 -- 4.3.8 ONU Activation 94 -- 4.3.9 Ranging Mechanism 95 -- 4.3.10 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 96 -- 4.3.11 OAM Communication 97 -- 4.3.12 Time of Day Distribution 97 -- 4.3.13 G-PON Enhancements 101 -- 4.4 Next Generation PON (NG-PON) 101 -- 4.4.1 Introduction to G.987 series XG-PON (NG-PON1 / 10Gbit-capable PON) 102 -- 4.4.2 XG-PON Physical Layer 102 -- 4.4.3 XG-PON Transmission Convergence Layer and Frame Structures 105 -- 4.4.4 Forward Error Correction 108 -- 4.4.5 XG-PON Encapsulation Method (XGEM) 109 -- 4.4.6 XG-PON Management 110 -- 4.4.7 XG-PON Security 110 -- 4.4.8 NG-PON2 40 Gbit/s Capable PON 110 -- Appendix 4.A: Summary Comparison of EPON and G-PON 112 -- References 113 -- Further Readings 114.
5 Optical Domain PON Technologies 115 -- 5.1 Introduction 115 -- 5.2 WDMA (Wavelength Division Multiple Access) PON 115 -- 5.2.1 Overview 115 -- 5.2.2 Technologies 116 -- 5.2.3 Applications 120 -- 5.3 CDMA PON 120 -- 5.4 Point-to-Point Ethernet 122 -- 5.5 Subcarrier Multiplexing and OFDM 123 -- 5.5.1 Introduction 123 -- 5.5.2 OFDMA PON 123 -- 5.6 Conclusions 125 -- References 126 -- Further Readings 126 -- 6 Hybrid Fiber Access Technologies 127 -- 6.1 Introduction and Background 127 -- 6.2 Evolution of DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) to Passive Optical Networks 127 -- 6.2.1 Introduction and Background 127 -- 6.2.2 DOCSIS Provisioning of EPON (DPoE) 128 -- 6.2.3 Conclusions for DPoE 135 -- 6.3 Radio and Radio Frequency Signals over Fiber 135 -- 6.3.1 Radio over Fiber (RoF) 136 -- 6.3.2 Baseband Digital Radio Fiber Interfaces 136 -- 6.3.3 Radio Frequency over Glass (RFoG) 138 -- 6.4 IEEE 802.3bn Ethernet Protocol over Coaxial Cable (EPoC) 140 -- 6.5 Conclusions 140 -- References 141 -- Further Readings 141 -- 7 DSL Technology / Broadband via Telephone Lines 143 -- 7.1 Introduction to DSL 143 -- 7.2 DSL Compared to Other Access Technologies 144 -- 7.2.1 Security and Reliability 144 -- 7.2.2 Point-to-Point Versus Shared Access 145 -- 7.2.3 Common Facilities for Voice and DSL 146 -- 7.2.4 Bit-rate Capacity 146 -- 7.2.5 Hybrid Access 146 -- 7.2.6 Future Trends for DSL Access 146 -- 7.3 DSL Overview 147 -- 7.3.1 Voice-band Modems 147 -- 7.3.2 The DSL Concept 147 -- 7.3.3 DSL Terminology 149 -- 7.3.4 Introduction to DSL Types 151 -- 7.3.5 DSL Performance Improvement, Repeaters, and Bonding 152 -- 7.3.6 Splitters and Filters for Voice and Data 153 -- 7.3.7 Other Ways to Convey Voice and Data 155 -- 7.4 Transmission Channel and Impairments 156 -- 7.4.1 Signal Attenuation 158 -- 7.4.2 Bridged Taps 159 -- 7.4.3 Loading Coils 162 -- 7.4.4 Return Loss and Insertion Loss 163 -- 7.4.5 Balance 163 -- 7.4.6 Intersymbol Interference (ISI) 163 -- 7.4.7 Noise 164.
7.4.8 Transmission Channel Models 170 -- 7.5 DSL Transmission Techniques 170 -- 7.5.1 Duplexing 170 -- 7.5.2 Channel Equalization and Related Techniques 171 -- 7.5.3 Coding 172 -- References 174 -- Further Readings 174 -- 8 The Family of DSL Technologies 175 -- 8.1 ADSL 175 -- 8.1.1 G.lite 176 -- 8.1.2 ADSL2 and ADSL2plus 177 -- 8.1.3 ADSL1 and ADSL2plus Performance 178 -- 8.2 VDSL 179 -- 8.2.1 VDSL2 181 -- 8.2.2 VDSL2 Performance 182 -- 8.3 Basic Rate Interface ISDN 184 -- 8.4 HDSL, HDSL2, and HDLS4 185 -- 8.5 SHDSL 185 -- 8.6 G.fast (FTTC DSL) 187 -- Reference 188 -- 9 Advanced DSL Techniques and Home Networking 189 -- 9.1 Repeaters and Bonding 189 -- 9.2 Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) 190 -- 9.3 Vectored Transmission 190 -- 9.4 Home Networking 195 -- References 195 -- Further Readings 195 -- 10 DSL Standards 197 -- 10.1 Spectrum Management / ANSI T1.417 197 -- 10.2 G.hs / ITU-T Rec. G.994.1 199 -- 10.3 PLOAM / ITU-T Rec. G.997.1 200 -- 10.4 G.bond / ITU-T Recs. G.998.1, G.998.2, and G.998.3 201 -- 10.5 G.test / ITU-T Rec. G.996.1 202 -- 10.6 G.lt / ITU-T Rec. G.996.2 202 -- 10.7 Broadband Forum DSL Testing Specifications 203 -- 10.8 Broadband Forum TR-069 / Remote Management of CPE 204 -- References 205 -- 11 The DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) Protocol 207 -- 11.1 General Introduction 207 -- 11.2 Introduction to MSO Networks 207 -- 11.3 Background on Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Networks 208 -- 11.4 Introduction to DOCSIS 210 -- 11.5 DOCSIS Network Elements 210 -- 11.5.1 CMTS (Cable Modem Terminating System) 211 -- 11.5.2 CM (Cable Modem) 212 -- 11.5.3 FN (Fiber Node) 213 -- 11.5.4 RF Combiner Shelf 213 -- 11.6 Brief History of the DOCSIS Protocol Evolution 213 -- 11.6.1 DOCSIS 1.0 214 -- 11.6.2 DOCSIS 1.1 214 -- 11.6.3 DOCSIS 2.0 214 -- 11.6.4 DOCSIS 3.0 215 -- 11.6.5 Regional History and Considerations 215 -- 11.7 DOCSIS Physical Layer 216 -- 11.7.1 DOCSIS Downstream Transmission 216 -- 11.7.2 DOCSIS Upstream Transmission 218 -- 11.8 Synchronization and Ranging 222.
11.8.1 Synchronization 223 -- 11.8.2 Ranging 224 -- 11.9 DOCSIS MAC Sub-Layer 226 -- 11.9.1 Downstream MAC 227 -- 11.9.2 Upstream MAC 228 -- 11.9.3 MAC Management Messages 232 -- 11.9.4 MAC Parameters 233 -- 11.10 CM Provisioning 239 -- 11.11 Security 240 -- 11.12 Introduction to Companion Protocols 242 -- 11.12.1 The PacketCableTM Protocol 242 -- 11.12.2 The OpenCableTM Protocol 242 -- 11.12.3 PacketCable Multimedia (PCMM) 242 -- 11.13 Conclusions 243 -- References 243 -- Further Readings 243 -- 12 Broadband in Gas Line (BIG) 245 -- 12.1 Introduction to BIG 245 -- 12.2 Proposed Technology 245 -- 12.3 Potential Drawbacks for BIG 245 -- 12.4 Broadband Sewage Line 247 -- Reference 247 -- 13 Power Line Communications 249 -- 13.1 Introduction 249 -- 13.2 The Early Years 250 -- 13.3 Narrowband PLC 251 -- 13.3.1 Overview of NB-PLC Standards 252 -- 13.4 Broadband PLC 253 -- 13.4.1 Overview of BB-PLC Standards 254 -- 13.5 Power Grid Topologies 257 -- 13.5.1 Outdoor Topologies: HV, MV, and LV 257 -- 13.5.2 Indoor Topologies 258 -- 13.6 Outdoor and In-Home Channel Characterization 261 -- 13.6.1 Characteristics of the HV Power Line Channel 262 -- 13.6.2 Characteristics of MV Power Line Channel 262 -- 13.6.3 Characteristics of LV Power Line Channel 263 -- 13.6.4 Power Line Noise Characteristics 263 -- 13.7 Power Line Channel Modeling 269 -- 13.7.1 Recent Results on the Modeling of Wireline Channels: Towards a Unified Framework 271 -- 13.8 The IEEE 1901 Broadband over Power Line Standard 273 -- 13.8.1 Overview of Technical Features 273 -- 13.8.2 The MAC and the Two PLCPs 274 -- 13.8.3 Access-Specific Features 275 -- 13.9 PLC and the Smart Grid 277 -- 13.9.1 PLC for MV 279 -- 13.9.2 PLC for LV 279 -- 13.10 Conclusions 283 -- References 284 -- Further Reading 285 -- 14 Wireless Broadband Access: Air Interface Fundamentals 287 -- 14.1 Introduction 287 -- 14.2 Duplexing Techniques 287 -- 14.2.1 Frequency-Division Duplex 288 -- 14.2.2 Time-Division Duplex 288 -- 14.3 Physical Layer Concepts 289.
14.3.1 The Wireless Channel 289 -- 14.3.2 Diversity 290 -- 14.3.3 Channel Coding 291 -- 14.3.4 Interleaving 291 -- 14.3.5 Multi-Antenna Techniques and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) 291 -- 14.4 Access Technology Concepts 295 -- 14.4.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 295 -- 14.4.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 295 -- 14.4.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 295 -- 14.4.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 297 -- 14.4.5 MAC Protocols 299 -- 14.5 Cross-Layer Algorithms 300 -- 14.5.1 Link Adaptation 300 -- 14.5.2 Channel-Dependent Scheduling 300 -- 14.5.3 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 302 -- 14.6 Example Application: Satellite Broadband Access 303 -- 14.7 Summary 303 -- Further Reading 304 -- 15 WiFi: IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN 305 -- 15.1 Introduction 305 -- 15.2 Technology Basics 306 -- 15.2.1 System Overview 306 -- 15.2.2 MAC Layer 308 -- 15.2.3 Physical Layer 311 -- 15.3 Technology Evolution 312 -- 15.3.1 802.11 b 312 -- 15.3.2 802.11 a/g 313 -- 15.3.3 802.11 n 314 -- 15.3.4 802.11 ac 316 -- 15.4 WLAN Network Architecture 318 -- 15.5 TV White Space and 802.11 af 320 -- 15.6 Summary 320 -- Further Readings 321 -- 16 UMTS: W-CDMA and HSPA 323 -- 16.1 Introduction 323 -- 16.2 Technology Basics 324 -- 16.2.1 Network Architecture 324 -- 16.2.2 Protocol Architecture 325 -- 16.2.3 Physical Layer (L1) 327 -- 16.2.4 Layer-2 334 -- 16.2.5 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 336 -- 16.3 UMTS Technology Evolution 338 -- 16.3.1 Release 99 338 -- 16.3.2 Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 339 -- 16.3.3 Release 6: Enhanced Uplink 343 -- 16.3.4 Release 7 347 -- 16.3.5 Release 8 and Beyond 348 -- 16.4 CDMA2000 350 -- 16.5 Summary 351 -- Further Readings 352 -- 17 Fourth Generation Systems: LTE and LTE-Advanced 353 -- 17.1 Introduction 353 -- 17.1.1 LTE Standardization 353 -- 17.1.2 LTE Requirements 354 -- 17.2 Release 8: The Basics of LTE 355 -- 17.2.1 Network Architecture 355 -- 17.2.2 PDN Connectivity, Bearers, and QoS Architecture 358.
17.2.3 Protocol Architecture 360 -- 17.2.4 Layer-1: The Physical Layer 361 -- 17.2.5 Layer-2 and Cross-Layer Algorithms 370 -- 17.2.6 Layer-3: Radio Resource Control (RRC) 380 -- 17.3 Release 9: eMBMS and SON 383 -- 17.3.1 Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) 384 -- 17.3.2 Self-Organizing Networks (SON) 386 -- 17.4 Release 10: LTE-Advanced 386 -- 17.4.1 Carrier Aggregation 388 -- 17.4.2 Heterogeneous Networks with Small Cells 391 -- 17.5 Future of LTE-Advanced: Release 11 and Beyond 395 -- 17.5.1 Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) 396 -- 17.5.2 Release 12 and the Future of LTE 398 -- 17.6 IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX Systems 399 -- 17.7 Summary 400 -- Further Readings 402 -- 18 Conclusions Regarding Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 403 -- Index 407.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910132237103321
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, , 2014
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Broadband access : wireline and wireless--alternatives for Internet services / / Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc. USA, Arvind R. Raghavan, Blue Clover Devices, USA, Thomas Starr, Stefano Galli, ASSIA Inc., USA
Broadband access : wireline and wireless--alternatives for Internet services / / Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc. USA, Arvind R. Raghavan, Blue Clover Devices, USA, Thomas Starr, Stefano Galli, ASSIA Inc., USA
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (447 p.)
Disciplina 384.3/3
Altri autori (Persone) GorsheSteve
RaghavanArvind
StarrThomas (Thomas J.J.)
GalliStefano (Telecommunications engineer)
Soggetto topico Broadband communication systems
Computer networks - Standards
Internet access
ISBN 1-118-87879-5
1-118-87877-9
1-118-87880-9
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto -- About the Authors xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xix -- 1 Introduction to Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 A Brief History of the Access Network 2 -- 1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) 3 -- 1.3.1 DSL Technologies and Their Evolution 3 -- 1.3.2 DSL System Technologies 5 -- 1.4 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable (HFC) 5 -- 1.5 Power Line Communications (PLC) 6 -- 1.6 Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 7 -- 1.7 Wireless Broadband Access 10 -- 1.8 Direct Point-to-Point Connections 12 -- Appendix 1.A: Voiceband Modems 12 -- 2 Introduction to Fiber Optic Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.2 A Brief History of Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 16 -- 2.3 Introduction to PON Systems 18 -- 2.3.1 PON System Overview 18 -- 2.3.2 PON Protocol Evolution 19 -- 2.4 FITL Technology Considerations 21 -- 2.4.1 Optical Components 21 -- 2.4.2 Powering the Loop 22 -- 2.4.3 System Power Savings 23 -- 2.4.4 PON Reach Extension 25 -- 2.5 Introduction to PON Network Protection 30 -- 2.5.1 Background on Network Protection 31 -- 2.5.2 PON Facility Protection 31 -- 2.5.3 OLT Function Protection 35 -- 2.5.4 ONU Protection 40 -- 2.5.5 Conclusions Regarding Protection 42 -- 2.6 Conclusions 42 -- Appendix 2.A: Subscriber Power Considerations 43 -- References 43 -- Further Reading 43 -- 3 IEEE Passive Optical Networks 45 -- 3.1 Introduction 45 -- 3.2 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet-based PON (EPON) 45 -- 3.2.1 EPON Physical Layer 46 -- 3.2.2 Signal Formats 46 -- 3.2.3 MAC Protocol 48 -- 3.2.4 Encryption and Security 49 -- 3.2.5 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 50 -- 3.2.6 ONU Discovery and Activation 51 -- 3.2.7 ONU Ranging Mechanism 52 -- 3.2.8 EPON OAM 52 -- 3.2.9 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 53 -- 3.3 IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet-based PON (10G EPON) 54 -- 3.3.1 10G EPON Physical Layer 54 -- 3.3.2 Signal Format 58 -- 3.3.3 MAC Protocol 59 -- 3.3.4 Forward Error Correction 59 -- 3.3.5 ONU Discovery and Activation 61.
3.3.6 ONU Ranging Mechanism 61 -- 3.3.7 10G EPON OAM 61 -- 3.3.8 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 61 -- 3.4 Summary Comparison of EPON and 10G EPON 61 -- 3.5 Transport of Timing and Synchronization over EPON and 10G EPON 61 -- 3.6 Overview of the IEEE 1904.1 Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) 63 -- 3.6.1 SIEPON MAC Functional Blocks 65 / / 3.6.2 VLAN Support 67 -- 3.6.3 Multicast Service 67 -- 3.6.4 SIEPON Service Management 67 -- 3.6.5 Performance Monitoring and Verification 69 -- 3.6.6 SIEPON Service Availability 70 -- 3.6.7 SIEPON Optical Link Protection 70 -- 3.6.8 SIEPON Power Savings 70 -- 3.6.9 SIEPON Security Mechanisms 71 -- 3.6.10 SIEPON Management 71 -- 3.7 ITU-T G.9801 Ethernet Passive Optical Networks using OMCI 71 -- 3.8 Conclusions 71 -- Appendix 3.A: 64B/66B Line Code 72 -- References 75 -- Further Readings 75 -- 4 ITU-T/FSAN PON Protocols 77 -- 4.1 Introduction 77 -- 4.2 ITU-T G.983 Series B-PON (Broadband PON) 78 -- 4.3 ITU-T G.984 Series G-PON (Gigabit-capable PON) 79 -- 4.3.1 G-PON Physical Layer 79 -- 4.3.2 G-PON Frame Formats 81 -- 4.3.3 G-PON Encapsulation Method (GEM) 87 -- 4.3.4 G-PON Multiplexing 91 -- 4.3.5 Encryption and Security 92 -- 4.3.6 Forward Error Correction 92 -- 4.3.7 Protection Switching 94 -- 4.3.8 ONU Activation 94 -- 4.3.9 Ranging Mechanism 95 -- 4.3.10 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 96 -- 4.3.11 OAM Communication 97 -- 4.3.12 Time of Day Distribution 97 -- 4.3.13 G-PON Enhancements 101 -- 4.4 Next Generation PON (NG-PON) 101 -- 4.4.1 Introduction to G.987 series XG-PON (NG-PON1 / 10Gbit-capable PON) 102 -- 4.4.2 XG-PON Physical Layer 102 -- 4.4.3 XG-PON Transmission Convergence Layer and Frame Structures 105 -- 4.4.4 Forward Error Correction 108 -- 4.4.5 XG-PON Encapsulation Method (XGEM) 109 -- 4.4.6 XG-PON Management 110 -- 4.4.7 XG-PON Security 110 -- 4.4.8 NG-PON2 40 Gbit/s Capable PON 110 -- Appendix 4.A: Summary Comparison of EPON and G-PON 112 -- References 113 -- Further Readings 114.
5 Optical Domain PON Technologies 115 -- 5.1 Introduction 115 -- 5.2 WDMA (Wavelength Division Multiple Access) PON 115 -- 5.2.1 Overview 115 -- 5.2.2 Technologies 116 -- 5.2.3 Applications 120 -- 5.3 CDMA PON 120 -- 5.4 Point-to-Point Ethernet 122 -- 5.5 Subcarrier Multiplexing and OFDM 123 -- 5.5.1 Introduction 123 -- 5.5.2 OFDMA PON 123 -- 5.6 Conclusions 125 -- References 126 -- Further Readings 126 -- 6 Hybrid Fiber Access Technologies 127 -- 6.1 Introduction and Background 127 -- 6.2 Evolution of DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) to Passive Optical Networks 127 -- 6.2.1 Introduction and Background 127 -- 6.2.2 DOCSIS Provisioning of EPON (DPoE) 128 -- 6.2.3 Conclusions for DPoE 135 -- 6.3 Radio and Radio Frequency Signals over Fiber 135 -- 6.3.1 Radio over Fiber (RoF) 136 -- 6.3.2 Baseband Digital Radio Fiber Interfaces 136 -- 6.3.3 Radio Frequency over Glass (RFoG) 138 -- 6.4 IEEE 802.3bn Ethernet Protocol over Coaxial Cable (EPoC) 140 -- 6.5 Conclusions 140 -- References 141 -- Further Readings 141 -- 7 DSL Technology / Broadband via Telephone Lines 143 -- 7.1 Introduction to DSL 143 -- 7.2 DSL Compared to Other Access Technologies 144 -- 7.2.1 Security and Reliability 144 -- 7.2.2 Point-to-Point Versus Shared Access 145 -- 7.2.3 Common Facilities for Voice and DSL 146 -- 7.2.4 Bit-rate Capacity 146 -- 7.2.5 Hybrid Access 146 -- 7.2.6 Future Trends for DSL Access 146 -- 7.3 DSL Overview 147 -- 7.3.1 Voice-band Modems 147 -- 7.3.2 The DSL Concept 147 -- 7.3.3 DSL Terminology 149 -- 7.3.4 Introduction to DSL Types 151 -- 7.3.5 DSL Performance Improvement, Repeaters, and Bonding 152 -- 7.3.6 Splitters and Filters for Voice and Data 153 -- 7.3.7 Other Ways to Convey Voice and Data 155 -- 7.4 Transmission Channel and Impairments 156 -- 7.4.1 Signal Attenuation 158 -- 7.4.2 Bridged Taps 159 -- 7.4.3 Loading Coils 162 -- 7.4.4 Return Loss and Insertion Loss 163 -- 7.4.5 Balance 163 -- 7.4.6 Intersymbol Interference (ISI) 163 -- 7.4.7 Noise 164.
7.4.8 Transmission Channel Models 170 -- 7.5 DSL Transmission Techniques 170 -- 7.5.1 Duplexing 170 -- 7.5.2 Channel Equalization and Related Techniques 171 -- 7.5.3 Coding 172 -- References 174 -- Further Readings 174 -- 8 The Family of DSL Technologies 175 -- 8.1 ADSL 175 -- 8.1.1 G.lite 176 -- 8.1.2 ADSL2 and ADSL2plus 177 -- 8.1.3 ADSL1 and ADSL2plus Performance 178 -- 8.2 VDSL 179 -- 8.2.1 VDSL2 181 -- 8.2.2 VDSL2 Performance 182 -- 8.3 Basic Rate Interface ISDN 184 -- 8.4 HDSL, HDSL2, and HDLS4 185 -- 8.5 SHDSL 185 -- 8.6 G.fast (FTTC DSL) 187 -- Reference 188 -- 9 Advanced DSL Techniques and Home Networking 189 -- 9.1 Repeaters and Bonding 189 -- 9.2 Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) 190 -- 9.3 Vectored Transmission 190 -- 9.4 Home Networking 195 -- References 195 -- Further Readings 195 -- 10 DSL Standards 197 -- 10.1 Spectrum Management / ANSI T1.417 197 -- 10.2 G.hs / ITU-T Rec. G.994.1 199 -- 10.3 PLOAM / ITU-T Rec. G.997.1 200 -- 10.4 G.bond / ITU-T Recs. G.998.1, G.998.2, and G.998.3 201 -- 10.5 G.test / ITU-T Rec. G.996.1 202 -- 10.6 G.lt / ITU-T Rec. G.996.2 202 -- 10.7 Broadband Forum DSL Testing Specifications 203 -- 10.8 Broadband Forum TR-069 / Remote Management of CPE 204 -- References 205 -- 11 The DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) Protocol 207 -- 11.1 General Introduction 207 -- 11.2 Introduction to MSO Networks 207 -- 11.3 Background on Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Networks 208 -- 11.4 Introduction to DOCSIS 210 -- 11.5 DOCSIS Network Elements 210 -- 11.5.1 CMTS (Cable Modem Terminating System) 211 -- 11.5.2 CM (Cable Modem) 212 -- 11.5.3 FN (Fiber Node) 213 -- 11.5.4 RF Combiner Shelf 213 -- 11.6 Brief History of the DOCSIS Protocol Evolution 213 -- 11.6.1 DOCSIS 1.0 214 -- 11.6.2 DOCSIS 1.1 214 -- 11.6.3 DOCSIS 2.0 214 -- 11.6.4 DOCSIS 3.0 215 -- 11.6.5 Regional History and Considerations 215 -- 11.7 DOCSIS Physical Layer 216 -- 11.7.1 DOCSIS Downstream Transmission 216 -- 11.7.2 DOCSIS Upstream Transmission 218 -- 11.8 Synchronization and Ranging 222.
11.8.1 Synchronization 223 -- 11.8.2 Ranging 224 -- 11.9 DOCSIS MAC Sub-Layer 226 -- 11.9.1 Downstream MAC 227 -- 11.9.2 Upstream MAC 228 -- 11.9.3 MAC Management Messages 232 -- 11.9.4 MAC Parameters 233 -- 11.10 CM Provisioning 239 -- 11.11 Security 240 -- 11.12 Introduction to Companion Protocols 242 -- 11.12.1 The PacketCableTM Protocol 242 -- 11.12.2 The OpenCableTM Protocol 242 -- 11.12.3 PacketCable Multimedia (PCMM) 242 -- 11.13 Conclusions 243 -- References 243 -- Further Readings 243 -- 12 Broadband in Gas Line (BIG) 245 -- 12.1 Introduction to BIG 245 -- 12.2 Proposed Technology 245 -- 12.3 Potential Drawbacks for BIG 245 -- 12.4 Broadband Sewage Line 247 -- Reference 247 -- 13 Power Line Communications 249 -- 13.1 Introduction 249 -- 13.2 The Early Years 250 -- 13.3 Narrowband PLC 251 -- 13.3.1 Overview of NB-PLC Standards 252 -- 13.4 Broadband PLC 253 -- 13.4.1 Overview of BB-PLC Standards 254 -- 13.5 Power Grid Topologies 257 -- 13.5.1 Outdoor Topologies: HV, MV, and LV 257 -- 13.5.2 Indoor Topologies 258 -- 13.6 Outdoor and In-Home Channel Characterization 261 -- 13.6.1 Characteristics of the HV Power Line Channel 262 -- 13.6.2 Characteristics of MV Power Line Channel 262 -- 13.6.3 Characteristics of LV Power Line Channel 263 -- 13.6.4 Power Line Noise Characteristics 263 -- 13.7 Power Line Channel Modeling 269 -- 13.7.1 Recent Results on the Modeling of Wireline Channels: Towards a Unified Framework 271 -- 13.8 The IEEE 1901 Broadband over Power Line Standard 273 -- 13.8.1 Overview of Technical Features 273 -- 13.8.2 The MAC and the Two PLCPs 274 -- 13.8.3 Access-Specific Features 275 -- 13.9 PLC and the Smart Grid 277 -- 13.9.1 PLC for MV 279 -- 13.9.2 PLC for LV 279 -- 13.10 Conclusions 283 -- References 284 -- Further Reading 285 -- 14 Wireless Broadband Access: Air Interface Fundamentals 287 -- 14.1 Introduction 287 -- 14.2 Duplexing Techniques 287 -- 14.2.1 Frequency-Division Duplex 288 -- 14.2.2 Time-Division Duplex 288 -- 14.3 Physical Layer Concepts 289.
14.3.1 The Wireless Channel 289 -- 14.3.2 Diversity 290 -- 14.3.3 Channel Coding 291 -- 14.3.4 Interleaving 291 -- 14.3.5 Multi-Antenna Techniques and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) 291 -- 14.4 Access Technology Concepts 295 -- 14.4.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 295 -- 14.4.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 295 -- 14.4.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 295 -- 14.4.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 297 -- 14.4.5 MAC Protocols 299 -- 14.5 Cross-Layer Algorithms 300 -- 14.5.1 Link Adaptation 300 -- 14.5.2 Channel-Dependent Scheduling 300 -- 14.5.3 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 302 -- 14.6 Example Application: Satellite Broadband Access 303 -- 14.7 Summary 303 -- Further Reading 304 -- 15 WiFi: IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN 305 -- 15.1 Introduction 305 -- 15.2 Technology Basics 306 -- 15.2.1 System Overview 306 -- 15.2.2 MAC Layer 308 -- 15.2.3 Physical Layer 311 -- 15.3 Technology Evolution 312 -- 15.3.1 802.11 b 312 -- 15.3.2 802.11 a/g 313 -- 15.3.3 802.11 n 314 -- 15.3.4 802.11 ac 316 -- 15.4 WLAN Network Architecture 318 -- 15.5 TV White Space and 802.11 af 320 -- 15.6 Summary 320 -- Further Readings 321 -- 16 UMTS: W-CDMA and HSPA 323 -- 16.1 Introduction 323 -- 16.2 Technology Basics 324 -- 16.2.1 Network Architecture 324 -- 16.2.2 Protocol Architecture 325 -- 16.2.3 Physical Layer (L1) 327 -- 16.2.4 Layer-2 334 -- 16.2.5 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 336 -- 16.3 UMTS Technology Evolution 338 -- 16.3.1 Release 99 338 -- 16.3.2 Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 339 -- 16.3.3 Release 6: Enhanced Uplink 343 -- 16.3.4 Release 7 347 -- 16.3.5 Release 8 and Beyond 348 -- 16.4 CDMA2000 350 -- 16.5 Summary 351 -- Further Readings 352 -- 17 Fourth Generation Systems: LTE and LTE-Advanced 353 -- 17.1 Introduction 353 -- 17.1.1 LTE Standardization 353 -- 17.1.2 LTE Requirements 354 -- 17.2 Release 8: The Basics of LTE 355 -- 17.2.1 Network Architecture 355 -- 17.2.2 PDN Connectivity, Bearers, and QoS Architecture 358.
17.2.3 Protocol Architecture 360 -- 17.2.4 Layer-1: The Physical Layer 361 -- 17.2.5 Layer-2 and Cross-Layer Algorithms 370 -- 17.2.6 Layer-3: Radio Resource Control (RRC) 380 -- 17.3 Release 9: eMBMS and SON 383 -- 17.3.1 Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) 384 -- 17.3.2 Self-Organizing Networks (SON) 386 -- 17.4 Release 10: LTE-Advanced 386 -- 17.4.1 Carrier Aggregation 388 -- 17.4.2 Heterogeneous Networks with Small Cells 391 -- 17.5 Future of LTE-Advanced: Release 11 and Beyond 395 -- 17.5.1 Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) 396 -- 17.5.2 Release 12 and the Future of LTE 398 -- 17.6 IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX Systems 399 -- 17.7 Summary 400 -- Further Readings 402 -- 18 Conclusions Regarding Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 403 -- Index 407.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910813506203321
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : Wiley, , 2014
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