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Intro -- Weather Analysis and Forecasting -- Weather Analysis and Forecasting -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I: Fundamentals -- Chapter 1: A Dynamical View of Synoptic Development -- 1.1 Vorticity and potential vorticity -- 1.2 The concept of PV thinking -- 1.2.1 The Conservation Principle -- 1.2.2 The Invertibility Principle -- 1.2.3 Climatological Distribution of Potential Vorticity -- 1.2.4 Positive PV Anomalies and Their Remote Influence -- 1.3 Operational use of PV fields for monitoring synoptic development -- 1.3.1 Upper-Level Dynamics, Dynamical Tropopause, and Tropopause Dynamic Anomaly -- 1.3.2 Synoptic Development as Seen by the PV Concept -- 1.3.3 Jet Streams and Jet Streaks -- 1.3.4 Analysis of a Real-Atmosphere Vertical Structure -- Chapter 2: The Interpretation Problem of Satellite Water Vapor Imagery -- 2.1 Radiation measurements in water vapor absorption bands -- 2.2 Information content of water vapor image gray shades -- 2.2.1 Layered Moisture Conditions -- 2.2.2 Cold Air Temperatures and Inversions -- 2.2.3 Clouds -- Part II: Practical Use of Water Vapor Imagery and Dynamical Fields -- Chapter 3: Significant Water Vapor Imagery Features Associated with Synoptic Dynamical Structures -- 3.1 Interpretation of synoptic-scale light and dark imagery features -- 3.1.1 Moist (light) Features -- 3.1.2 Dry (dark) Features -- 3.2 Mid- to upper-troposphere wind field -- 3.2.1 Interaction of the Jet Stream with a Tropopause Dynamic Anomaly -- 3.2.2 Jet-Stream Breaks -- 3.3 Blocking regimes -- 3.3.1 Blocking Regime Formation in which Easterlies Result from Anticyclogenesis -- 3.3.2 Blocking Regime Formation in which Easterlies Result from Cyclogenesis -- 3.4 Cyclogenesis -- 3.4.1 Cyclogenesis within Baroclinic Troughs-Leaf and Baroclinic-Leaf Features in the WV Imagery.
3.4.2 Cyclogenesis with an Upper-Level Precursor -- 3.5 WV imagery analysis of main ingredients of a severe weather situation -- 3.5.1 Main Features Associated with the Blocking Regime over the Mediterranean -- 3.5.2 K-Boundary as an Indicator of a "Rolling Over" Upstream Ridge -- 3.5.3 Dry Delta Feature Associated with a Jet Break in the Blocking Regime -- 3.5.4 Leaf Development Producing Instability and Convection -- 3.5.5 Dry Delta Feature as a Precursor of Cyclogenesis -- 3.6 Summary -- 3.6.1 Basic Principles in WV Imagery Interpretation -- 3.6.2 Light WV Imagery Patterns-Relation to Dynamical Structures -- 3.6.3 Dark WV Imagery Patterns-Relation to Dynamical Structures -- 3.6.4 Boundary Patterns on the WV Imagery-Relation to Dynamical Structures -- 3.6.5 Patterns of Interaction Between WV Imagery Features-Relation to Dynamical Processes -- 3.6.6 Superposition of WV Imagery and Dynamical Fields-a Tool for Synoptic-Scale Analysis -- Chapter 4: Use of Water Vapor Imagery for Assessing NWP Model Behavior and Improving Forecasts -- 4.1 Operational use of the relationship between PV fields and WV imagery -- 4.1.1 Nature and Usefulness of the Relationship -- 4.1.2 Information Content of Vorticity Fields Related to WV Imagery -- 4.1.3 Relationships Among Dry Intrusion, PV Anomalies, and WV Imagery -- 4.2 Synthetic (pseudo) water vapor images -- 4.3 Comparing PV fields, WV imagery, and synthetic WV images -- 4.3.1 Validating NWP Output by Applying a WV-PV-PWV Comparison -- 4.3.2 Typical Instances of WV-PV-PWV Comparison -- 4.4 Agreement among the WV image, the PV field, and the synthetic WV image/NWP moisture distribution -- 4.5 Instances of mismatch between the synthetic WV image/NWP moisture distribution and the PV field -- 4.5.1 Agreements Between the WV Image and the PV Field.
4.5.2 Mismatches Between the WV Image and the PV Field as well as Between the WV and Synthetic Images -- 4.5.3 Agreement Between the WV Image and the Synthetic Image -- 4.6 Mismatch between the WV image and the PV field and agreement between the PV field and the synthetic image/NWP moisture -- 4.6.1 Secondary Cyclone Development -- 4.6.2 Moist Ascent at Initiation of a Rapid Cyclogenesis -- 4.6.3 Reinforcement of Vortex Development Within a Cut-off Low System -- 4.6.4 Rapid Baroclinic Cyclogenesis in a Strong Zonal Atlantic Flow -- 4.7 Using satellite and synthetic WV images and PV concepts to get an alternative numerical forecast -- 4.7.1 An Example of Cyclogenesis in a Zonal Atlantic Flow -- 4.7.2 An Example of Upper-Level Forcing of Convection -- 4.8 Summary -- 4.8.1 Comparison Between Water Vapor Imagery and Dynamic Fields as an Operational Tool -- 4.8.2 Comparing Satellite and Synthetic Water Vapor Imagery with Potential Vorticity Fields for Validating NWP Output -- 4.8.3 Using Satellite and Synthetic Water Vapor Images and PV Concepts for Adjusting NWP Initial Conditions to Get an Alternati -- Conclusion -- Appendix A -- A.1 Radiative Transfer Theory -- A.2 MSG WV Channels -- Appendix B -- Synthetic (Pseudo) Water Vapor Images -- Appendix C -- PV Modification Technique and PV Inversion to Correct the Initial State of the Numerical Model -- Appendix D -- Glossary of Acronyms -- References -- Index.
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Weather analysis and forecasting [[electronic resource] ] : applying satellite water vapor imagery and potential vorticity analysis / / Patrick Santurette, Christo G. Georgiev
