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Intro -- About Island Press -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Maps of the National Wildlife Refuge System -- Western Half of the Contiguous States and Hawaii -- Eastern Half of the Contiguous States and Caribbean -- Alaska and Pacific Ocean Units -- 1. Introduction -- The Forces Shaping Refuge Management -- Road Map to This Book -- Part One: Understanding Refuge Resource Management -- 2. What Is the National Wildlife Refuge System? -- Public Land Systems in the United States -- The Crazy-Quilt Refuge System -- 3. The History of the National Wildlife Refuge System -- Early History -- The 1962 Refuge Recreation Act -- The 1966 Refuge Administration Act -- The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 -- The Struggle with Incompatible Uses -- President Clinton's 1996 Executive Order -- 4. The Meaning of Organic Legislation -- Evolution of the Term -- The Hallmarks of Modern Organic Legislation -- Part Two: The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 -- 5. Purpose Statements -- Sustaining, Restoring, Enhancing Healthy Populations -- Plant Conservation -- Modern Scientific Research Programs -- Habitats, Utilitarianism, and Agency Discretion -- Coordination -- 6. Designated Uses: The Hierarchy -- Conservation as a Dominant Use -- Overview of the Hierarchy of Uses -- The Wildlife-Dependent Recreation Priority -- Nonwildlife-Dependent Uses -- 7. Comprehensive Planning -- Broad-Scale Plans -- Comprehensive Conservation Plans -- Comprehensive Conservation Plan Procedures -- 8. Substantive Management Criteria -- The Compatibility Standard -- Biological Integrity, Diverstiy, and Environmental Health -- Water Rights -- Biological Monitoring -- Conservation Stewardship -- 9. Public Participation -- Rules and Policies -- Comprehensive Conservation Plans.
Compatibility Determinations -- Advisory Committees -- Challenges to FWS Decisions -- Part Three: Applying Resource Management to Individual Refuges and Resources -- 10. Individual Refuge Purposes -- Presidential Sources -- Congressional Sources -- Administrative Sources -- Conclusion -- 11. The Special Case of the Alaska Refuges -- Subsistence Uses -- Native Claims -- The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge -- 12. Oil and Gas Development in the Refuges -- Federal Subsurface Ownership -- Private Subsurface Ownership -- Conclusion: Resource Management through Organic Legislation -- The Persistence of Incompatible Uses -- The Refuge System as the Future of Public Land Conservation -- Appendices -- A. A Chronology of Refuge System Development -- B. Relevant Statuses -- National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 -- National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 -- National Wildlife Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 -- C. The National Wildlife Refuge Units -- D. Acronyms and Abbrevations -- References -- About the Author -- Index.
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The national wildlife refuges : coordinating a conservation system through law / / Robert L. Fischman
