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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Layout of This Book -- Chapter 1 : A Risk-Informed Decision Framework to Achieve Resilient and Sustainable Buildings That Meet Community Objectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 The Building Regulatory Process in the United States -- 1.1.2 Building Performance Objectives -- 1.1.3 Community Performance Objectives and Metrics -- 1.1.4 Community Resilience versus Individual Building Performance-De-aggregation of Community Goals -- 1.2 Methodology/Framework/Approach Used in the Project -- 1.2.1 Project Objectives -- 1.2.2 The Importance of Interdependencies in Resilience Assessment -- 1.2.3 Balance between Sustainability and Resilience -- 1.2.4 Life-Cycle Analysis for Sustainability and Resilience -- 1.2.5 Role of Fragility Functions in Performance Assessment -- 1.2.6 Role of Scenario-Based Hazard Analysis -- 1.2.7 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level -- 1.2.8 Building Back Better to Enhance Community Resilience -- 1.3 Detailed Methods, Approaches-Hazards, Building Systems -- 1.3.1 Development of Fragility Functions -- 1.3.2 Life-Cycle Analysis for Residential Buildings -- 1.3.2.1 Total Life-Cycle Cost -- 1.3.2.2 Regular Repair/Maintenance Cost -- 1.3.2.3 Expected Damage Repair Cost -- 1.3.2.4 Assessment of Life-Cycle Carbon Footprint -- 1.3.3 Community Resilience Assessment Framework -- 1.3.4 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level -- 1.4 Application/Example/Case Study -- 1.4.1 Life-Cycle Analysis at Individual Building and Community Levels -- 1.4.1.1 Illustration of Life-Cycle Analysis of a Single-Family Residential Building -- 1.4.1.2 Illustration of Life-Cycle Analysis for an Ensemble of Residential Buildings.
1.4.2 Interdependencies and Resilience at a Community Level -- 1.4.3 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level -- 1.5 Project Conclusions, Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 2 : Building Design and Decision-Making for Multihazard Resilience and Sustainability -- 2.1 Introduction and Scope -- 2.1.1 General -- 2.1.2 Research Significance -- 2.1.3 Background and Literature Review -- 2.2 Design Framework -- 2.2.1 Natural Hazard Characterization -- 2.2.1.1 Seismic Hazard -- 2.2.1.2 Joint Wind and Flood Hazards -- 2.2.1.3 Nonstationarities of Wind and Flood hazards -- 2.2.2 Modeling of Fragility and Damage to Building Components -- 2.2.2.1 Seismic Damage -- 2.2.2.2 Wind Damage -- 2.2.2.3 Flood Damage -- 2.2.3 Building Resilience and Sustainability Assessment -- 2.2.3.1 Building Resilience -- 2.2.3.2 Building Sustainability -- 2.2.4 Multiobjective Optimization and Decision-Making -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.3.1 Natural Hazard Characterization -- 2.3.1.1 Seismic Hazard and Ground Motions -- 2.3.1.2 Ground Motion Demand for Seismic Performance Evaluation -- 2.3.1.3 Joint Probability of Wind and Flood Hazards -- 2.3.1.4 Nonstationary Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Analyses -- 2.3.2 Modeling of Building Damage and Identifying Fragility and Probability of Failure -- 2.3.2.1 Seismic Damage -- 2.3.2.2 Wind Damage -- 2.3.2.3 Flood Damage -- 2.3.2.4 Probability of Failure -- 2.3.3 Building Resilience and Sustainability -- 2.3.3.1 Building Resilience -- 2.3.3.2 Building Sustainability -- 2.3.4 Multiobjective Optimization and Decision-Making -- 2.3.4.1 Multiobjective Optimization -- 2.3.4.2 Decision-Making: Final Design Selection -- 2.3.5 Decision-Makers' Preference Weights for Building Sustainability and Resilience Criteria -- 2.3.5.1 Final Design Selection.
2.4 Applications and Examples -- 2.4.1 Resilience-Based Multihazard Performance Evaluation of Buildings Designed to Current Codes -- 2.4.1.1 Envelope and Roof Covering Systems -- 2.4.1.2 Seismic Fragility -- 2.4.1.3 Wind Fragility for Roof Cover Damage -- 2.4.1.4 Seismic Probability of Failure -- 2.4.1.5 Wind Probability of Failure -- 2.4.2 Joint Probability of Wind and Flood Hazards for Boston -- 2.4.2.1 Empirical and Fitted Distributions of Wind and Flood Hazard Intensity Measures -- 2.4.2.2 Copula -- 2.4.2.3 Joint Hazard Curves and Envelopes -- 2.4.3 Nonstationary Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Analyses for Boston and Miami -- 2.4.3.1 Comparison between Stationary and Nonstationary Probability Distributions -- 2.4.3.2 Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Curves -- 2.4.4 Building Life Span Flood Damage Evaluation for Boston and Miami -- 2.4.5 Future Building Energy Simulations for San Francisco, Boston, and Miami -- 2.4.6 Effect of Envelope Window-to-Wall Ratio on Measured Energy Consumption -- 2.4.7 Optimal Building Designs and Implications for Building Codes -- 2.4.7.1 3D Moment Frame Structure -- 2.4.7.2 3D Moment Frame Structure with Structural Walls -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 : A Sequential Decision Framework to Support Tradespace Exploration of Multihazard Resilient and Sustainable Designs -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Design as a Sequential Decision Process -- 3.2.2 Bounding Model -- 3.2.3 Interval Dominance -- 3.2.4 Sequencing of Multifidelity Models -- 3.3 Detailed Methodologies -- 3.3.1 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural Frame Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria -- 3.3.1.1 Bounding Models for the Capacity Spectrum Method -- 3.3.1.2 Interval Dominance in the Capacity Spectrum Method.
3.3.2 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural-Foundation-Soil Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Leveraging Monotonicity and Concavity to Construct Bounding Models -- 3.3.2.2 Dimensionality Reduction through Systematic Deferring of Subsets or Design Variables -- 3.3.3 Multiobjective Design Optimization of a Structural Frame System: Probabilistic Decision Criteria -- 3.3.3.1 Performance Comparison Based on the Precise Values of Decision Criteria -- 3.3.3.2 Development of Bounding Models -- 3.3.3.3 Sequential Decision Process with Probabilistic Decision Criteria -- 3.3.3.4 Illustrative Example -- 3.3.4 Integration of Environmental Impacts and Seismic Damage -- 3.3.4.1 Integrating the Seismic Hazard and Environmental Performance Assessment of Building Designs -- 3.3.4.2 Illustrative Example -- 3.3.5 Optimal Sequencing of Multifidelity Model Evaluation of Design Space -- 3.3.5.1 Problem Formulation as a Finite Markov Decision Process -- 3.3.5.2 Solving the Design Sequential Decision Process by Reinforcement Learning -- 3.4 Applications -- 3.4.1 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural Frame Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria -- 3.4.1.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints -- 3.4.1.2 Description of Model, Analysis Method, and Multifidelity Parameters -- 3.4.1.3 Results -- 3.4.2 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural-Foundation-Soil Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria -- 3.4.2.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints -- 3.4.2.2 Description of Model, Analysis Method, and Multifidelity Parameters -- 3.4.2.3 Results -- 3.4.3 Multiobjective Design Optimization of a Structural Frame System: Probabilistic Decision Criteria -- 3.4.3.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints.
3.4.3.2 Overview of the Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Assessment Framework -- 3.4.3.3 Convergence of Monte Carlo Simulation -- 3.4.3.4 Results -- 3.4.4 Optimal Sequencing of Multifidelity Model Evaluation of Design Space -- 3.4.4.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints -- 3.4.4.2 Results -- 3.4.4.3 Comparison with the Optimal Sequence in the Sequential Decision Process Methodology -- 3.5 Project Conclusions and Findings -- References -- Chapter 4 : A Reliability-Based Decision Support System for Resilient and Sustainable Early Design -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.2.1 Prerequisite: Problem Definition -- 4.2.2 Framework Objectives and Value -- 4.2.3 Framework Overview -- 4.3 Description of Modules and Developed Tools -- 4.3.1 Decision Framing with SIMPLE-Design -- 4.3.2 Open Performance Data Inventories -- 4.3.2.1 INventory of Seismic Structural Evaluation, Performance Functions, and Taxonomies -- 4.3.2.2 Multihazard Vulnerability Database -- 4.3.2.3 Archetype Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Systems -- 4.3.2.4 Environmental Impact Data -- 4.3.3 Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope System Generator Module -- 4.3.4 Module 2: Probabilistic Life-Cycle Performance Assessment -- 4.3.4.1 Performance-Based Early Design -- 4.3.4.2 Available Routes for Performance-Based Early Design -- 4.3.5 Module 3: Preference-Based Multiobjective Ranking and Optimization -- 4.4 Illustrative Example -- 4.4.1 Building and Site -- 4.4.2 Decision-Makers, Framing, and Metrics -- 4.4.3 Application of the M1 Module to Generate Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Systems -- 4.4.3.1 Definition of Initial Design Space.
4.4.3.2 Preliminary Ranking and Selection of Feasible Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Configurations.
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Analysis of reinforced concrete beams subjected to fire / / Bruce Ellingwood and James R. Shaver
