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Gravitational Lenses [[electronic resource] /] / by Peter Schneider, Jürgen Ehlers, Emilio E. Falco
| Gravitational Lenses [[electronic resource] /] / by Peter Schneider, Jürgen Ehlers, Emilio E. Falco |
| Autore | Schneider Peter |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 1992.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1992 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (XIV, 560 p.) |
| Disciplina | 530.1 |
| Collana | Astronomy and Astrophysics Library |
| Soggetto topico |
Gravitation
Observations, Astronomical Astronomy—Observations Astrophysics Physics Geophysics Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory Astronomy, Observations and Techniques Astrophysics and Astroparticles Mathematical Methods in Physics Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation Geophysics/Geodesy |
| ISBN | 1-4612-2756-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Historical remarks -- 1.2 Outline of the book -- 1.3 Remarks about notation -- 2. Basic facts and the observational situation -- 2.1 The Schwarzschild lens -- 2.2 The general lens -- 2.3 The magnification factor -- 2.4 Observing gravitational lens systems -- 2.5 Known gravitational lens systems -- 3. Optics in curved spacetime -- 3.1 The vacuum Maxwell equations -- 3.2 Locally approximately plane waves -- 3.3 Fermat’s principle -- 3.4 Geometry of ray bundles -- 3.5 Distances based on light rays. Caustics -- 3.6 Luminosity, flux and intensity -- 4. Derivation of the lens equation -- 4.1 Einstein’s gravitational field equation -- 4.2 Approximate metrics of isolated, slowly moving, non-compact matter distributions -- 4.3 Light deflection by quasistationary, isolated mass distributions -- 4.4 Summary of Friedmann-Lemaître cosmological models -- 4.5 Light propagation and redshift-distance relations in homogeneous and inhomogeneous model universes -- 4.6 The lens mapping in cosmology -- 4.7 Wave optics in lens theory -- 5. Properties of the lens mapping -- 5.1 Basic equations of the lens theory -- 5.2 Magnification and critical curves -- 5.3 Time delay and Fermat’s principle -- 5.4 Two general theorems about gravitational lensing -- 5.5 The topography of time delay (Fermat) surfaces -- 6. Lensing near critical points -- 6.1 The lens mapping near ordinary images -- 6.2 Stable singularities of lens mappings -- 6.3 Stable singularities of one-parameter families of lens mappings; metamorphoses -- 6.4 Magnification of extended sources near folds -- 7. Wave optics in gravitational lensing -- 7.1 Preliminaries; magnification of ordinary images -- 7.2 Magnification near isolated caustic points -- 7.3 Magnification near fold catastrophes -- 8. Simple lens models -- 8.1 Axially symmetric lenses -- 8.2 Lenses with perturbed symmetry (Quadrupole lenses) -- 8.3 The two point-mass lens -- 8.4 Lenses with elliptical symmetry -- 8.5 Marginal lenses -- 8.6 Generic properties of “elliptical lenses” -- 9. Multiple light deflection -- 9.1 The multiple lens-plane theory -- 9.2 Time delay and Fermat’s principle -- 9.3 The generalized quadrupole lens -- 10. Numerical methods -- 10.1 Roots of one-dimensional equations -- 10.2 Images of extended sources -- 10.3 Interactive methods for model fitting -- 10.4 Grid search methods -- 10.5 Transport of images -- 10.6 Ray shooting -- 10.7 Constructing lens and source models from resolved images -- 11. Statistical gravitational lensing: General considerations -- 11.1 Cross-sections -- 11.2 The random star field -- 11.3 Probabilities in a clumpy universe -- 11.4 Light propagation in inhomogeneous universes -- 11.5 Maximum probabilities -- 12. Statistical gravitational lensing: Applications -- 12.1 Amplification bias and the luminosity function of QSOs -- 12.2 Statistics of multiply imaged sources -- 12.3 QSO-galaxy associations -- 12.4 Microlensing: Astrophysical discussion -- 12.5 The amplification bias: Detailed discussion -- 12.6 Distortion of images -- 12.7 Lensing of supernovae -- 12.8 Further applications of statistical lensing -- 13. Gravitational lenses as astrophysical tools -- 13.1 Estimation of model parameters -- 13.2 Arcs in clusters of galaxies -- 13.3 Additional applications -- 13.4 Miscellaneous topics -- References -- Index of Individual Objects. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910480296203321 |
Schneider Peter
|
||
| New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1992 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The Ice Age
| The Ice Age |
| Autore | Ehlers Jürgen |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2016 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (786 pages) |
| Disciplina | 551.7/92 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
HughesPhilip
GibbardPhilip L EhlersJürgen |
| Soggetto topico | Ice sheets |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
9781118507773
9781118507810 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Title page -- Copyright -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 In the Beginning was the Great Flood -- 1.2 The Ice Ages of the Earth -- 1.3 Causes of an Ice Age -- Chapter 2 The Course of the Ice Age -- 2.1 When did the Quaternary Period Begin? -- 2.2 What's in Stratigraphy? -- 2.3 Traces in the Deep Sea -- 2.4 Systematics of the Ice Age -- 2.5 Günz, Mindel, Riss and Würm: Do They Still Apply? -- 2.6 Northern Germany and Adjacent Areas -- 2.7 The British Pleistocene Succession -- 2.8 Quaternary History of North America -- 2.9 The Course of the Ice Ages: A Global View -- Chapter 3 Ice and Water -- 3.1 The Origin of Glaciers -- 3.2 Recent Glaciers: Small and Large -- 3.3 Dynamics of Ice Sheets -- 3.4 Meltwater -- Chapter 4 Till and Moraines: The Traces of Glaciers -- 4.1 Till -- 4.2 Moraines -- Chapter 5 Meltwater: From Moulins to the Urstromtal -- 5.1 Fjords, Channels and Eskers -- 5.2 Outwash Plains and Gravel Terraces -- 5.3 Ice-dammed Lakes -- 5.4 Kames: Deposits at the Ice Margin -- 5.5 Urstromtäler -- Chapter 6 Maps: Where Are We? -- 6.1 Digital Maps -- 6.2 Satellite Images: Basic Data for Ice-Age Research -- 6.3 Projections and Ellipsoids -- Chapter 7 Extent of the Glaciers -- 7.1 Exploring the Arctic by Airship -- 7.2 Glaciers in the Barents Sea -- 7.3 Isostasy and Eustasy -- 7.4 Ice in Siberia? -- 7.5 Asia: The Mystery of Tibet -- 7.6 South America: Volcanoes and Glaciers -- 7.7 Mediterranean Glaciations -- 7.8 Were Africa, Australia and Oceania Glaciated? -- 7.9 Antarctica: Eternal Ice? -- Chapter 8 Ice in the Ground: The Periglacial Areas -- 8.1 Definition and Distribution -- 8.2 Extent of Frozen Ground during the Pleistocene -- 8.3 Frost Weathering -- 8.4 Cryoplanation -- 8.5 Rock Glaciers: Glaciers (Almost) Without Ice -- 8.6 Involutions.
8.7 Solifluction -- 8.8 Periglacial Soil Stripes -- 8.9 Frost Cracks and Ice Wedges -- 8.10 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Phenomena -- Chapter 9 Hippos in the Thames: The Warm Stages -- 9.1 Tar Pits of Evidence -- 9.2 Development of Fauna -- 9.3 Development of Vegetation -- 9.4 Weathering and Soil Formation -- 9.5 Water in the Desert: The Shifting of Climate Zones -- 9.6 Changes in the Rainforest -- Chapter 10 The Course of Deglaciation -- 10.1 Contribution to Landforms -- 10.2 Ice Decay -- 10.3 The Origin of Kettle Holes -- 10.4 Pressure Release -- 10.5 A Sudden Transition? -- 10.6 The Little Ice Age -- Chapter 11 Wind, Sand and Stones: Aeolian Processes -- 11.1 Dunes -- 11.2 Aeolian Sand -- 11.3 Loess -- Chapter 12 What Happened to the Rivers? -- 12.1 River Processes and Landforms -- 12.2 Dry Valleys -- 12.3 The Rhine: Influences of Alpine and Nordic Ice -- 12.4 The Elbe: Once Flowed to the Baltic Sea -- 12.5 The Thames: Influence of British Ice -- Chapter 13 North and Baltic Seas during the Ice Age -- 13.1 Development of the North Sea -- 13.2 Development of the Baltic Sea -- Chapter 14 Climate Models and Reconstructions -- 14.1 Ice Cores -- 14.2 The Marine Circulation -- 14.3 Modelling the Last Ice Sheets -- 14.4 Modelling Glaciers and Climate -- Chapter 15 Human Interference -- 15.1 Out of Africa: Humans Spread Out -- 15.2 Neanderthals and Homo sapiens -- 15.3 The Middle Stone Age -- 15.4 The Neolithic Period: The Beginning of Agriculture -- 15.5 Bronze and Iron -- 15.6 The Romans -- 15.7 Middle Ages -- 15.8 Recent Land Grab -- 15.9 Drying Lakes, Melting Glaciers and other Problems -- 15.10 The Anthropocene: Defining the Human Age? -- References -- Index -- EULA. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910795812403321 |
|
Ehlers Jürgen
|
||
| New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2016 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
The Ice Age
| The Ice Age |
| Autore | Ehlers Jürgen |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2016 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (786 pages) |
| Disciplina | 551.7/92 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
HughesPhilip
GibbardPhilip L EhlersJürgen |
| Soggetto topico | Ice sheets |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
9781118507773
9781118507810 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Title page -- Copyright -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 In the Beginning was the Great Flood -- 1.2 The Ice Ages of the Earth -- 1.3 Causes of an Ice Age -- Chapter 2 The Course of the Ice Age -- 2.1 When did the Quaternary Period Begin? -- 2.2 What's in Stratigraphy? -- 2.3 Traces in the Deep Sea -- 2.4 Systematics of the Ice Age -- 2.5 Günz, Mindel, Riss and Würm: Do They Still Apply? -- 2.6 Northern Germany and Adjacent Areas -- 2.7 The British Pleistocene Succession -- 2.8 Quaternary History of North America -- 2.9 The Course of the Ice Ages: A Global View -- Chapter 3 Ice and Water -- 3.1 The Origin of Glaciers -- 3.2 Recent Glaciers: Small and Large -- 3.3 Dynamics of Ice Sheets -- 3.4 Meltwater -- Chapter 4 Till and Moraines: The Traces of Glaciers -- 4.1 Till -- 4.2 Moraines -- Chapter 5 Meltwater: From Moulins to the Urstromtal -- 5.1 Fjords, Channels and Eskers -- 5.2 Outwash Plains and Gravel Terraces -- 5.3 Ice-dammed Lakes -- 5.4 Kames: Deposits at the Ice Margin -- 5.5 Urstromtäler -- Chapter 6 Maps: Where Are We? -- 6.1 Digital Maps -- 6.2 Satellite Images: Basic Data for Ice-Age Research -- 6.3 Projections and Ellipsoids -- Chapter 7 Extent of the Glaciers -- 7.1 Exploring the Arctic by Airship -- 7.2 Glaciers in the Barents Sea -- 7.3 Isostasy and Eustasy -- 7.4 Ice in Siberia? -- 7.5 Asia: The Mystery of Tibet -- 7.6 South America: Volcanoes and Glaciers -- 7.7 Mediterranean Glaciations -- 7.8 Were Africa, Australia and Oceania Glaciated? -- 7.9 Antarctica: Eternal Ice? -- Chapter 8 Ice in the Ground: The Periglacial Areas -- 8.1 Definition and Distribution -- 8.2 Extent of Frozen Ground during the Pleistocene -- 8.3 Frost Weathering -- 8.4 Cryoplanation -- 8.5 Rock Glaciers: Glaciers (Almost) Without Ice -- 8.6 Involutions.
8.7 Solifluction -- 8.8 Periglacial Soil Stripes -- 8.9 Frost Cracks and Ice Wedges -- 8.10 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Phenomena -- Chapter 9 Hippos in the Thames: The Warm Stages -- 9.1 Tar Pits of Evidence -- 9.2 Development of Fauna -- 9.3 Development of Vegetation -- 9.4 Weathering and Soil Formation -- 9.5 Water in the Desert: The Shifting of Climate Zones -- 9.6 Changes in the Rainforest -- Chapter 10 The Course of Deglaciation -- 10.1 Contribution to Landforms -- 10.2 Ice Decay -- 10.3 The Origin of Kettle Holes -- 10.4 Pressure Release -- 10.5 A Sudden Transition? -- 10.6 The Little Ice Age -- Chapter 11 Wind, Sand and Stones: Aeolian Processes -- 11.1 Dunes -- 11.2 Aeolian Sand -- 11.3 Loess -- Chapter 12 What Happened to the Rivers? -- 12.1 River Processes and Landforms -- 12.2 Dry Valleys -- 12.3 The Rhine: Influences of Alpine and Nordic Ice -- 12.4 The Elbe: Once Flowed to the Baltic Sea -- 12.5 The Thames: Influence of British Ice -- Chapter 13 North and Baltic Seas during the Ice Age -- 13.1 Development of the North Sea -- 13.2 Development of the Baltic Sea -- Chapter 14 Climate Models and Reconstructions -- 14.1 Ice Cores -- 14.2 The Marine Circulation -- 14.3 Modelling the Last Ice Sheets -- 14.4 Modelling Glaciers and Climate -- Chapter 15 Human Interference -- 15.1 Out of Africa: Humans Spread Out -- 15.2 Neanderthals and Homo sapiens -- 15.3 The Middle Stone Age -- 15.4 The Neolithic Period: The Beginning of Agriculture -- 15.5 Bronze and Iron -- 15.6 The Romans -- 15.7 Middle Ages -- 15.8 Recent Land Grab -- 15.9 Drying Lakes, Melting Glaciers and other Problems -- 15.10 The Anthropocene: Defining the Human Age? -- References -- Index -- EULA. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910822071203321 |
|
Ehlers Jürgen
|
||
| New York : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2016 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||