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Clinical Nutrition
| Clinical Nutrition |
| Autore | Elia Marinos |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Chicester : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (542 pages) |
| Disciplina | 615.854 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
LjungqvistOlle
StrattonRebecca J Lanham-NewSusan A DowsettJulie |
| Collana | The Nutrition Society Textbook Ser. |
| Soggetto topico | Nutrition Therapy |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
9781118457740
9781405168106 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Clinical Nutrition -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- First Edition Acknowledgements -- 1 Principles of Clinical Nutrition: Contrasting the Practice of Nutrition in Health and Disease -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The spectrum of nutritional problems -- 1.3 Nutritional requirements -- Effect of disease and nutritional status -- Metabolic blocks and nutritional requirements -- Effect of the route of feeding on nutrient requirements -- Effect of the phase of disease on nutritional requirements -- Feeding schedules -- Structure and function -- 1.4 Management pathways -- 1.5 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 2 Nutritional Screening and Assessment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nutritional screening -- 2.3 Nutritional assessment -- Clinical history -- Dietary history -- Clinical examination -- 2.4 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 3 Water and Electrolytes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fluid compartments of the body -- 3.3 Flux of fluid through the kidney and gastrointestinal tract -- 3.4 Body electrolyte content and concentration -- Fluid shifts between ECF and ICF compartments -- 3.5 Regulation of body water compartments -- Control of body fluid osmolality -- Control of effective circulatory volume -- Thirst regulation and water balance -- Thirst stimulated by plasma osmolarity and sodium concentration -- Thirst stimulated by hypovolaemia -- 3.6 The metabolic response to starvation and injury -- Starvation -- Injury -- 3.7 Body water compartments and electrolytes in starvation and injury -- Extracellular fluid -- Intracellular fluid -- Interstitial fluid -- 3.8 Effects of salt and water overload -- Gastrointestinal function -- Renal function -- Low serum albumin concentrations -- 3.9 Fluid therapy: practical aspects -- Assessment -- Treatment -- Resuscitation.
Maintenance fluid -- Fluid therapy for ongoing losses -- 3.10 Goal-directed fluid therapy -- 3.11 Implications of water and sodium metabolism in nutrition therapy for specific clinical conditions -- Diarrhoeal illness -- Congestive heart failure and cirrhosis -- Stroke, dysphagia, and the elderly -- 3.12 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 4 Over-nutrition -- 4.1 Introduction -- Definitions and classification -- The scale of the problem -- Economic impact and global burden -- 4.2 Aetiology -- The energy-balance equation -- Genetic factors -- Endocrine disorders -- Environmental factors -- Psychosocial influences -- Miscellaneous causes -- 4.3 Clinical presentation -- Body composition -- Fat distribution -- Comorbidities -- 4.4 Clinical assessment -- 4.5 Treatment approaches -- General principles -- Lifestyle changes -- Dietary management -- Physical activity -- Pharmacotherapy -- Bariatric surgery -- Other options -- 4.6 Prevention -- Childhood obesity -- Initiatives in key settings -- 4.7 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- Web sites of interest -- 5 Under-nutrition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pathophysiology of under-nutrition -- Body composition -- Energy metabolism -- Protein metabolism -- Hormonal mediators -- Immune function in under-nutrition -- 5.3 Pathophysiology of under-nutrition complicated by stress -- Energy metabolism -- Protein metabolism -- Hormonal mediators -- 5.4 Chronic under-nutrition -- 5.5 Under-nutrition in the elderly -- 5.6 Severe acute malnutrition in children -- 5.7 Assessment of under-nutrition -- 5.8 Treatment -- Assessment of energy and protein requirements -- Requirements for other nutrients -- 5.9 Potential problems with nutritional supplementation in under-nutrition -- Refeeding syndrome -- Nutritional supplementation in chronic under-nutrition. 5.10 Prevention -- 5.11 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 6 Metabolic Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Energy intake, health and longevity -- 6.3 The metabolic syndrome -- 6.4 Pathophysiology of insulin resistance -- 6.5 Insulin resistance -- 6.6 The role of affluence in diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and essential hypertension -- Type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia -- Dietary management of the metabolic syndrome -- Insulin resistance and hypertension -- 6.7 Alcohol -- Alcohol and body weight -- Alcohol and blood lipids -- Alcohol and glucose metabolism -- Alcohol and blood pressure -- 6.8 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 7 Eating Disorders -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Classification and features -- Anorexia nervosa -- Bulimia nervosa -- EDNOS and binge-eating disorder -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Aetiology -- 7.5 Incidence and prevalence -- Anorexia nervosa -- Bulimia nervosa -- EDNOS and binge-eating disorder -- 7.6 Medical complications of eating disorders -- Starvation and low weight -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.7 Nutritional problems in eating disorders -- Appetite regulation in eating disorders -- Nutritional impact of starvation and low weight -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.8 Nutritional management of eating disorders -- Restoring appetite regulation -- Weight recovery -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.9 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- 8 Adverse Reactions to Foods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Food intolerance -- 8.3 Food allergy -- 8.4 Types of food allergy -- 8.5 Patterns of food-allergic responses -- Quick-onset symptoms -- Late-onset symptoms -- 8.6 Diagnostic criteria for food allergy -- 8.7 Food-sensitive enteropathy -- 8.8 Specific food allergies -- Cow's milk -- Soya -- Egg -- Wheat. Peanuts -- 8.9 Multiple-food allergy -- 8.10 Scientific background: the basic mechanisms of immune response to dietary antigen -- Innate immunity and the importance of evolutionary heritage -- Lymphocytes may differentiate within the intestine and not the thymus -- Antigen presentation by the epithelium -- Distribution of T cells within the intestine -- The TH1/TH2/TH17 paradigm of T-cell responses and infectious exposures -- Control of B-cell responses, and the importance of mucosal IgA production -- Skewing of B cells towards IgE -- Mast cells and eosinophils in food allergies -- Oral tolerance to dietary antigens -- 8.11 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 9 Nutritional Support -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Meeting nutritional needs -- 9.3 Oral feeding and oral nutritional supplements -- 9.4 Enteral tube feeding -- Feeding routes -- Post-pyloric feeding -- Complications of enteral feeding -- Physical characteristics of enteral feeding tubes -- Enteral feeding solutions -- Feeding rate -- Monitoring and complications of enteral nutrition -- 9.5 Administration of drugs and enteral feeding -- Controlled-release products -- Cytotoxic drugs -- Hormonal drugs -- Alternative routes of delivery -- Adding drugs to the formula -- 9.6 Parenteral nutrition -- Catheter access -- Parenteral nutrition solutions -- Monitoring and complications of parenteral nutrition -- 9.7 Special considerations with nutritional support -- Clinical nutrition at home -- Complications of clinical nutrition -- Nutrition support team -- 9.8 Concluding remarks -- Immunonutrition -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- Background clinical nutrition -- Access -- Disease specific nutrition -- Requirements -- Enteral nutrition -- Parenteral nutrition -- Useful web sites -- 10 Ethics and Nutrition -- 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Brief history of medical ethics -- 10.3 Medical ethics: the four-principle approach -- 10.4 Definitions and ethical terms -- Oral nutrition and hydration: 'basic care' -- Artificial nutrition and hydration -- Consent and competence -- Advanced decisions/directives/proxies -- Time-limited trials of treatment -- Futility and the concept of net patient benefit -- 10.5 Application of ethical principles to artificial nutritional support: clinical scenarios -- Stroke -- Dementia -- Wasting disorders: cancer and terminal illness -- Persistent vegetative states: withdrawing and withholding nutritional support -- Malnutrition in the hospitalised patient -- 10.6 Ethical conflict -- 10.7 Clinical guidelines in ethical care -- 10.8 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 11 The Gastrointestinal Tract -- 11.1 Introduction -- Dysphagia -- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease -- Cancer of the oesophagus and stomach -- Short-bowel syndrome -- 11.2 Coeliac disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Magnitude of the problem: the spectrum of gluten sensitivity -- Diagnosis and screening -- Treatment -- Therapeutic failure -- 11.3 Tropical enteropathy and tropical sprue -- Concept and epidemiology -- Pathology and clinical relevance -- Pathogenesis -- Treatment -- 11.4 Inflammatory bowel disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Treatment -- Malnutrition in IBD -- Pathogenesis of malnutrition in IBD -- Micronutrient deficiencies in IBD -- Consequences of impaired nutrition in IBD -- Nutritional support in IBD -- 11.5 Irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Food intolerance and IBS -- Nutritional consequences -- Dietary management of IBS -- Diverticular disease -- 11.6 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading. 12 Nutrition in Liver Disease. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910795985503321 |
Elia Marinos
|
||
| Chicester : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Clinical Nutrition
| Clinical Nutrition |
| Autore | Elia Marinos |
| Edizione | [2nd ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Chicester : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (542 pages) |
| Disciplina | 615.854 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
LjungqvistOlle
StrattonRebecca J Lanham-NewSusan A DowsettJulie |
| Collana | The Nutrition Society Textbook Ser. |
| Soggetto topico | Nutrition Therapy |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
9781118457740
9781405168106 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Clinical Nutrition -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- First Edition Acknowledgements -- 1 Principles of Clinical Nutrition: Contrasting the Practice of Nutrition in Health and Disease -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The spectrum of nutritional problems -- 1.3 Nutritional requirements -- Effect of disease and nutritional status -- Metabolic blocks and nutritional requirements -- Effect of the route of feeding on nutrient requirements -- Effect of the phase of disease on nutritional requirements -- Feeding schedules -- Structure and function -- 1.4 Management pathways -- 1.5 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 2 Nutritional Screening and Assessment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nutritional screening -- 2.3 Nutritional assessment -- Clinical history -- Dietary history -- Clinical examination -- 2.4 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 3 Water and Electrolytes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fluid compartments of the body -- 3.3 Flux of fluid through the kidney and gastrointestinal tract -- 3.4 Body electrolyte content and concentration -- Fluid shifts between ECF and ICF compartments -- 3.5 Regulation of body water compartments -- Control of body fluid osmolality -- Control of effective circulatory volume -- Thirst regulation and water balance -- Thirst stimulated by plasma osmolarity and sodium concentration -- Thirst stimulated by hypovolaemia -- 3.6 The metabolic response to starvation and injury -- Starvation -- Injury -- 3.7 Body water compartments and electrolytes in starvation and injury -- Extracellular fluid -- Intracellular fluid -- Interstitial fluid -- 3.8 Effects of salt and water overload -- Gastrointestinal function -- Renal function -- Low serum albumin concentrations -- 3.9 Fluid therapy: practical aspects -- Assessment -- Treatment -- Resuscitation.
Maintenance fluid -- Fluid therapy for ongoing losses -- 3.10 Goal-directed fluid therapy -- 3.11 Implications of water and sodium metabolism in nutrition therapy for specific clinical conditions -- Diarrhoeal illness -- Congestive heart failure and cirrhosis -- Stroke, dysphagia, and the elderly -- 3.12 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 4 Over-nutrition -- 4.1 Introduction -- Definitions and classification -- The scale of the problem -- Economic impact and global burden -- 4.2 Aetiology -- The energy-balance equation -- Genetic factors -- Endocrine disorders -- Environmental factors -- Psychosocial influences -- Miscellaneous causes -- 4.3 Clinical presentation -- Body composition -- Fat distribution -- Comorbidities -- 4.4 Clinical assessment -- 4.5 Treatment approaches -- General principles -- Lifestyle changes -- Dietary management -- Physical activity -- Pharmacotherapy -- Bariatric surgery -- Other options -- 4.6 Prevention -- Childhood obesity -- Initiatives in key settings -- 4.7 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- Web sites of interest -- 5 Under-nutrition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pathophysiology of under-nutrition -- Body composition -- Energy metabolism -- Protein metabolism -- Hormonal mediators -- Immune function in under-nutrition -- 5.3 Pathophysiology of under-nutrition complicated by stress -- Energy metabolism -- Protein metabolism -- Hormonal mediators -- 5.4 Chronic under-nutrition -- 5.5 Under-nutrition in the elderly -- 5.6 Severe acute malnutrition in children -- 5.7 Assessment of under-nutrition -- 5.8 Treatment -- Assessment of energy and protein requirements -- Requirements for other nutrients -- 5.9 Potential problems with nutritional supplementation in under-nutrition -- Refeeding syndrome -- Nutritional supplementation in chronic under-nutrition. 5.10 Prevention -- 5.11 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 6 Metabolic Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Energy intake, health and longevity -- 6.3 The metabolic syndrome -- 6.4 Pathophysiology of insulin resistance -- 6.5 Insulin resistance -- 6.6 The role of affluence in diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and essential hypertension -- Type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia -- Dietary management of the metabolic syndrome -- Insulin resistance and hypertension -- 6.7 Alcohol -- Alcohol and body weight -- Alcohol and blood lipids -- Alcohol and glucose metabolism -- Alcohol and blood pressure -- 6.8 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 7 Eating Disorders -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Classification and features -- Anorexia nervosa -- Bulimia nervosa -- EDNOS and binge-eating disorder -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Aetiology -- 7.5 Incidence and prevalence -- Anorexia nervosa -- Bulimia nervosa -- EDNOS and binge-eating disorder -- 7.6 Medical complications of eating disorders -- Starvation and low weight -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.7 Nutritional problems in eating disorders -- Appetite regulation in eating disorders -- Nutritional impact of starvation and low weight -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.8 Nutritional management of eating disorders -- Restoring appetite regulation -- Weight recovery -- Compensatory behaviours -- Binge eating -- 7.9 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- 8 Adverse Reactions to Foods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Food intolerance -- 8.3 Food allergy -- 8.4 Types of food allergy -- 8.5 Patterns of food-allergic responses -- Quick-onset symptoms -- Late-onset symptoms -- 8.6 Diagnostic criteria for food allergy -- 8.7 Food-sensitive enteropathy -- 8.8 Specific food allergies -- Cow's milk -- Soya -- Egg -- Wheat. Peanuts -- 8.9 Multiple-food allergy -- 8.10 Scientific background: the basic mechanisms of immune response to dietary antigen -- Innate immunity and the importance of evolutionary heritage -- Lymphocytes may differentiate within the intestine and not the thymus -- Antigen presentation by the epithelium -- Distribution of T cells within the intestine -- The TH1/TH2/TH17 paradigm of T-cell responses and infectious exposures -- Control of B-cell responses, and the importance of mucosal IgA production -- Skewing of B cells towards IgE -- Mast cells and eosinophils in food allergies -- Oral tolerance to dietary antigens -- 8.11 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 9 Nutritional Support -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Meeting nutritional needs -- 9.3 Oral feeding and oral nutritional supplements -- 9.4 Enteral tube feeding -- Feeding routes -- Post-pyloric feeding -- Complications of enteral feeding -- Physical characteristics of enteral feeding tubes -- Enteral feeding solutions -- Feeding rate -- Monitoring and complications of enteral nutrition -- 9.5 Administration of drugs and enteral feeding -- Controlled-release products -- Cytotoxic drugs -- Hormonal drugs -- Alternative routes of delivery -- Adding drugs to the formula -- 9.6 Parenteral nutrition -- Catheter access -- Parenteral nutrition solutions -- Monitoring and complications of parenteral nutrition -- 9.7 Special considerations with nutritional support -- Clinical nutrition at home -- Complications of clinical nutrition -- Nutrition support team -- 9.8 Concluding remarks -- Immunonutrition -- Acknowledgements -- References and further reading -- Background clinical nutrition -- Access -- Disease specific nutrition -- Requirements -- Enteral nutrition -- Parenteral nutrition -- Useful web sites -- 10 Ethics and Nutrition -- 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Brief history of medical ethics -- 10.3 Medical ethics: the four-principle approach -- 10.4 Definitions and ethical terms -- Oral nutrition and hydration: 'basic care' -- Artificial nutrition and hydration -- Consent and competence -- Advanced decisions/directives/proxies -- Time-limited trials of treatment -- Futility and the concept of net patient benefit -- 10.5 Application of ethical principles to artificial nutritional support: clinical scenarios -- Stroke -- Dementia -- Wasting disorders: cancer and terminal illness -- Persistent vegetative states: withdrawing and withholding nutritional support -- Malnutrition in the hospitalised patient -- 10.6 Ethical conflict -- 10.7 Clinical guidelines in ethical care -- 10.8 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading -- 11 The Gastrointestinal Tract -- 11.1 Introduction -- Dysphagia -- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease -- Cancer of the oesophagus and stomach -- Short-bowel syndrome -- 11.2 Coeliac disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Magnitude of the problem: the spectrum of gluten sensitivity -- Diagnosis and screening -- Treatment -- Therapeutic failure -- 11.3 Tropical enteropathy and tropical sprue -- Concept and epidemiology -- Pathology and clinical relevance -- Pathogenesis -- Treatment -- 11.4 Inflammatory bowel disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Treatment -- Malnutrition in IBD -- Pathogenesis of malnutrition in IBD -- Micronutrient deficiencies in IBD -- Consequences of impaired nutrition in IBD -- Nutritional support in IBD -- 11.5 Irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Food intolerance and IBS -- Nutritional consequences -- Dietary management of IBS -- Diverticular disease -- 11.6 Concluding remarks -- References and further reading. 12 Nutrition in Liver Disease. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910821278403321 |
|
Elia Marinos
|
||
| Chicester : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||