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The Mystery of Rationality [[electronic resource] ] : Mind, Beliefs and the Social Sciences / / edited by Gérald Bronner, Francesco Di Iorio
| The Mystery of Rationality [[electronic resource] ] : Mind, Beliefs and the Social Sciences / / edited by Gérald Bronner, Francesco Di Iorio |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 2018.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2018 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (X, 259 p.) |
| Disciplina | 128.2 |
| Soggetto topico |
Philosophy of mind
Cognitive psychology Industrial psychology Neural networks (Computer science) Sociology Philosophy of Mind Cognitive Psychology Industrial and Organizational Psychology Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks Sociology, general |
| ISBN | 3-319-94028-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction: Rationality as an Enigmatic concept -- Our Agenda and Its Rationality -- Intentional, unintentional and sub-intentional aspects of “social mechanisms” -- On the Explanation of Human Action: “Good reasons”, critical rationalism and argumentation theory -- Rationality, Irrationality, Realism and the Good -- First Generation Behavioral Economists on Rationality, and Its Limits -- Embodied rationality -- Rational Choice Explained and Defended -- Rationality and irrationality revisited or Intellectualism vindicated or how stands the problem of the rationality of magic? -- Rational life plans? |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910300616203321 |
| Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2018 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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The Palgrave Handbook of Methodological Individualism : Volume I
| The Palgrave Handbook of Methodological Individualism : Volume I |
| Autore | Bulle Nathalie |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (751 pages) |
| Disciplina | 302.54 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | Di IorioFrancesco |
| ISBN | 3-031-41512-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- The Founding Principles of Methodological Individualism and its Historical Emergence -- Methodological Individualism and the Austrian School of Economics -- 1 Not Atomistic -- 2 Not Asocial -- 3 Explanandum and Explanation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Adam Smith and Sympathetic Individualism -- 1 So, What Is Sympathy? -- 2 Moral Order -- 3 Legal Order -- 4 Economic Order -- References -- Max Weber and Understanding Explanation -- 1 The Reflections on Science in Weber's Work -- 2 The Study of K. Knies Reveals Logical Confusion -- 3 Ontology and Gnoseology -- 4 Cause and Law -- 5 "Understanding Explanation," a Specificity of the Cultural Sciences -- References -- Viennese Methodological Individualism -- 1 Popper as a Methodological Individualist -- 2 Menger, Simmel, and Weber -- 3 Ludwig Von Mises on Human Action and Social Phenomena -- 4 Friedrich Hayek: Constitutive vs Speculative Opinions -- 5 Popper's Criticism of Psychologism and the Conspiracy Theories -- 6 The Task of the Social Sciences According to Popper -- 7 Menger on the Spontaneous Emergence of Institutions -- References -- Popper's Methodological Individualism and Situational Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper's MI and the Three-Worlds-Theory -- 3 The Situational Model and Situational Analysis -- 4 The Role of the Rationality Principle in Situational Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Individualism and Holism in the Social Sciences -- References -- What's the Alternative? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definitions and Misunderstandings -- 3 Some Violations of Methodological Individualism -- 4 Some Alleged Obstacles to MI -- 5 What's the Alternative? -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and the Rationality Principle.
Emotions and Rationality -- 1 Passions as the Opposite of Reason -- 2 Rational Emotions -- 3 Moral Sentiments and Interactive Emotions -- 4 Affect as Social Coordination -- References -- Rationality, Praxeology, and History: The Contributions of Ludwig von Mises to the Theory of Rationality in the Social Sciences -- 1 Rationality as a Praxeological Category -- 2 Rationality in the Analysis of Historical Problems -- 3 Applications -- Economic Calculation Under Socialism and Rationality -- Polylogism and Rationality -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism, Scientific Explanation, and Hermeneutics -- 1 Explaining Human Action: Praxeology and "Good Reasons" -- 2 Methodological Individualism and the Explanation of Action and of Its Consequences -- 3 The Primacy of "Situational Analysis" -- 4 Explaining Human Action: Hermeneutics and Praxeology -- 5 Causal Explanation Presupposes Hermeneutics -- 6 Hermeneutics as "Objective Knowledge" -- 7 Science as Hermeneutic Knowledge -- References -- Rationality in Anthropological Explanation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 First Case Study: Rationality in Cargo Cults -- 3 Second Case Study: Rationality and COVID-19 -- 4 Discussion and Assessment -- References -- Ordinary Rationality Theory (ORT) According to Raymond Boudon -- 1 The ORT Internally: Instrumental, Axiological, and Cognitive -- 2 The ORT Internally: Neither Affective, Traditional, nor Biased -- 3 The ORT Externally: Between Collective Effects and Social Contexts -- 4 The ORT Externally: Neither Naturalism nor Constructivism -- 5 Boudon's Positioning of the Model: Between Three and Six Postulates -- 6 The Adjustment of the Model by Scholars Close to Boudon: Reduced or Enhanced Versions -- References -- Dignity and Axiological Rationality, the Legacy of Raymond Boudon -- 1 The Principle of Equal Dignity in the Boudonian Argument. Dignity as the Central Value of Modernity -- Dignity at the Heart of Axiological Reasoning -- Dignity as the Regulating Idea of Moral Life -- References -- Why Does Comprehensive Sociology Need to Be Enlarged? -- 1 Introduction: A Sociology Founded on Acceptance of Mental Invariants -- 2 A Universal Disposition for Understanding -- 3 Comprehensive Sociology Is Not Spontaneous Sociology -- 4 The Three Obstacles That Hinder Our Spontaneous Perception of Others' Rationality -- 5 Cognitive Biases: Key Elements of an Enlarged Comprehensive Sociology -- 6 Cognitive Biases Are Necessary Elements for Comprehensive Sociology -- 7 In Conclusion: A Cognitive Ecology Which Makes Enlarging Comprehensive Sociology an Urgent Matter -- References -- Methodological Individualism and the Micro-Macro Link -- Methodological Individualism as Holism of the Parts: From Epistemology to Ontology -- 1 The Holism of Parts -- 2 Theoretical Decomposition of a Complex Whole into Basic Units -- 3 Basic Units and Scientific Realism: from Epistemology to Ontology -- 4 MI's Principle of Rationality and Holism of Parts -- 5 The Role of Epistemology and Ontology in the Misunderstanding of MI -- The Bias of Reductive Physicalism on MI: The Case of Logical Empiricism -- The Bias of Non-Reductive Physicalism on MI: The Multiple-Realizability Argument -- The Emergentist Bias on MI: The Case of Critical Realism -- 6 From Ontology to Epistemology: The Issue of Creative Evolution -- References -- Max Weber's Methodological Individualism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ontological Premises of Weber's Methodology -- 3 The Concept of Chance, Ideal Types, and Types of Social Action -- 4 Models of Order and Empirical Reality -- 5 Combinations of Orders and Orientations -- 6 Final Remarks -- References -- Micro-Macro Transitions and the Paradox of Unintended Consequences. 1 Micro-Macro: Definitions, Tensions, and Foundations of the Two Orders -- Research Programs and Intelligibility of Macro-Sociological Phenomena: The Place of Methodological Individualism -- A Multidimensional Definition of Micro and Macro -- 2 The Four Forms of Micro-Macro Transition and the Paradox of Consequences -- Micro-Micro -- Limits of Instrumental Rationality and Their Effects -- The Paradox of the Consequences of Axiological Rationality -- Micro-Macro -- Paradigmatic Examples -- Externalities and Production of a Norm -- Macro-Macro -- Macro-Micro -- The Norm and Suicide -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Micro-Macro Modeling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Ideas of Methodological Individualism, Illustrated with the Example of Income Inequality -- 3 The Micro Foundation of Micro-Macro Explanations -- 4 Bridge Assumptions I: Macro-To-Micro Relations -- 5 Bridge Assumptions II: Micro-To-Macro Relations -- 6 The Macro Propositions -- 7 The Logical Structure of Micro-Macro Models -- 8 Why Micro-Macro Modeling? -- 9 Complications -- 10 Examples for Complex Micro-Macro Models in the Social Sciences -- Collective Action -- Institutional Analysis -- 11 Agent-Based Modeling -- 12 Problems of Micro-Macro Modeling -- Limits of the Individualistic Reconstruction of Collective Properties -- The Emergence of Collective Properties as an Obstacle to Micro-Macro Explanations -- 13 Reductionism and Methodological Individualism -- 14 The Program of Methodological Individualism: A Proposal -- 15 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Complex Methodological Individualism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Levels of Reality -- 3 "From Physics to Politics" -- Neural Functional Architectures -- Ethology -- Stigmergy -- Eusociality -- Cognitive VS Eusocial Complexification -- Mandeville's Fable of the Bees -- Hayek on Mandeville -- 4 Eusociality in Humans. The Paradigms of Social Order -- An Eusocial Primate -- Spontaneous Orders and Complex Methodological Individualism -- Evolutionary Game Theory -- Hayek and the Complexity Problem -- Cultural Evolution and Emerging Ethical Maxims -- References -- The Methodological Foundations of Macroeconomics: A View from Say's Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Which Microfoundations of Macroeconomic Theory: Price-Theoretic or Choice-Theoretic? -- 3 The Evolution of Macroeconomic Theory: A View from Say's Law -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Clarifying Social Institutions in Institutional Individualism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper's Criticism of Psychologism -- 3 Agassi's Institutional Individualism -- 4 Searle's Rule-Based Approach to Social Institutions -- 5 Guala's Unified View of Social Institutions -- 6 Agassi and Jarvie's Institutional View of Rationality and Responses to Searle and Guala -- 7 Greif's Another Unified View of Institutions -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Analytical Micro-Macro Relationship in Social Science and Its Implications for the Individualism-Holism Debate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytical Versus Empirical Micro-Macro Relationships -- 3 A Phenomenally Monist Social Ontology -- 4 The Impossibility of Explanatory Holism -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Other Major Intellectual and Scientific Traditions -- The 'Individual' in the Writings of Émile Durkheim -- References -- Methodological Individualism (MI) and Methodological Collectivism (MC) in the Era of Postwar American Structural-Functionalism (SF) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 MI and MC as Doctrines Within Sociology -- 3 MI in Sociology -- 4 Implementing (Tooling Up for) Analytical Complexities in Sociology -- 5 Controversies Illuminating the Relationships Between MI and MC in Sociology -- The Ecological Fallacy -- Functionalism and Sociology. The Manifest/Latent Distinction. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910799480703321 |
Bulle Nathalie
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| Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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The Palgrave Handbook of Methodological Individualism : Volume II
| The Palgrave Handbook of Methodological Individualism : Volume II |
| Autore | Bulle Nathalie |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (688 pages) |
| Disciplina | 302.54 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | Di IorioFrancesco |
| ISBN | 3-031-41508-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Methodological Individualism and Key Research Fields in the Social Sciences and Humanities -- Collective Intentionality and Methodological Individualism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Individualism -- 3 Collective Intentionality -- 4 The Reductionist Perspective -- 5 Searle's Proposal: Irreducibility and Individualism -- 6 Collective Subjects -- Group Minds -- Plural Subjects -- 7 The Relational Alternative -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Collective Representations -- 1 The Three Basic Ideas of Methodological Individualism -- 2 Institutions, Collective Representations, and Methodological Individualism -- 3 Economic Reductionism -- 4 Psychological Reductionism -- 5 How Are Social Norms, Emotions, and Rationality Interconnected? -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Kelsen: Methodological Individualism in the Social Theory of Law -- 1 Introduction: The Problem of Law and the State -- 2 Kelsen on Law and the Individual -- 3 From Law to "Society" -- 4 The Idea of Community -- 5 The Problem of Description -- 6 Unity -- 7 The Individual and Primitive Law -- 8 Law and Norms Without a Group Mind -- References -- Methodological Individualism and the Foundations of the "Law and Economics" Movement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Law and Economics: The Origins at Chicago -- 3 Ronald Coase: From Old to New Law and Economics -- 4 Law as an Incentive Toward Social Optimum: The Birth of an Economic Analysis of Law -- 5 William Landes and Richard Posner: Toward an Economic Analysis of Law -- 6 Heterodox Economic Analysis of Law: Calabresi -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Social Change -- 1 The Problem -- Methodological Individualism and Its Logic of Explanation -- The Concept of "Social Change".
Evolutionary Theories of Social Change -- The Functionalist Theory of Social Change -- Individualistic Theories of Social Change -- 2 Result -- References -- Applying Methodological Individualism in the Analysis of Religious Phenomena -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Supremacy of Sociological Determinism in the Analysis of Beliefs -- 3 MI and Explanation of the Religious Phenomenon -- Religion as a Moral Universe: Alexis De Tocqueville -- Beyond Communitarianism: Emile Durkheim -- Religion as a Reorganization of the World and as an Inner Experience: Max Weber -- The Relational Dimension in the Individualistic Approach of the Religious -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Immigration, Identity Building and Multiculturalism: A Methodological Individualism Approach -- 1 Social Circles and Cognitive Attractor -- 2 Social Networks: Potential for Informal Social Relations -- 3 Immigrants' Strong Reasons -- 4 The Social Action Located -- 5 Circular Causality Between Microsociological and Macrosociological Dimensions -- 6 Multiculturalism, Universalism and Citizenship -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Individualistic Models in Collective Norm-Based Regulation: The Positive, Normative and Hermeneutic Dimensions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Norm-Based Order and the Challenge of Individual Reasons -- The Individual and the Collective in Norm-Based Regulatory Action -- Hermeneutic Capacities, Problem-solution Pairs and Methodological Individualism -- Collectively Chosen Assumptions -- 3 The Individualistic Approach to responsibility and the Use of Models or Representations -- From Prediction to Prescription -- Responsibility Issues: The Cognitive and the Extracognitive -- Commitment to Using Norms and Some Challenges of Interpretation -- Individual Reasons, Collective Capacities and Responsibility in the Face of Risks -- 4 Conclusion -- References. Analytical Tools and Exemplar Case Studies -- Examples of Sociological Explanation in Terms of Methodological Individualism -- 1 Introduction: The Sociological Object -- 2 The Structure of Explanation in Methodological Individualism -- 3 Why Athens' Allies Defected in the Peloponnesian War?: Thucydides -- 4 When Does Social Organization Aim at Eliminating Unintended Effects?: James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock -- 5 Why Does the Unanimity Rule Often Prevail in Traditional Village Societies?: Samuel Popkin -- 6 Why Do Members of an Unorganized Group Tend to Defect?: Mancur Olson -- 7 Why Are Collective Powers often Governed by the Iron Law of Oligarchy?: Robert Michels -- 8 Why Did Capitalist Agriculture Develop Much More Slowly in France Than in England in the Eighteenth Century?: Alexis De Tocqueville -- 9 Why Has the Immoral Character of Interest Lending Disappeared in Modern Societies?: Karl Mannheim -- 10 Why There is no Socialism in the United States?: Werner Sombart -- 11 Why Do Economic Booms Seem to Be Associated with Higher Suicide Rates?: Emile Durkheim -- 12 Why Does the Diffusion of an Innovation Follow a Chain Reaction Process in Situations Where Interpersonal Influence is Higher?: James Coleman & -- al. -- 13 Why Were Mithra Cult and Freemasonry, Respectively, Successful in Ancient Rome and Modern Prussia?: Max Weber -- 14 Why, in Ancient Rome, Were the Peasants Hostile to Monotheism?: Max Weber -- 15 Why Did French Intellectuals of the Late Eighteenth-Century Worship Reason?: Alexis De Tocqueville -- 16 Why Did Indian Peasants not Adopt the Birth Control Measures Advocated by the Indian Administration?: Peter Berger -- 17 Why Do Conflicts Between Employees in a Taylor-Based Firm Tend to Be More Violent?: Charles Wright Mills -- References -- Collective Action -- 1 Methodological Individualism and the Theory of Collective Action. 2 Other Theories of Collective Action -- 3 Mobilization for Collective Action -- 4 Participation in Collective Action -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism in Weber's Sociology of Religion -- 1 Irrationality and Predestination -- 2 Rational Choice and Religion -- 3 Value Rationality -- 4 Instrumental Rationality -- 5 Collective Motivations -- 6 Peripheral Creativity -- 7 Particularity of Jewish Religion -- 8 The Prophets -- 9 Methodological Individualism and Functionalism -- 10 Motives for Religious Adherence -- 11 Instrumental Rationality in the Service of Religious Convictions -- 12 Spirituality and Devotion as Instrumental Rationality in the Service of Values -- 13 Conclusions -- Abbreviations and Bibliography -- Unintended Consequences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unintended Consequences in Theory -- Merton on Unintended Consequences -- Bastiat on the Unseen -- Mises on Interventionism -- Extending Mises: Some Contributions of Hayek, Rothbard, Kirzner, Ikeda, and Bylund -- 3 Unintended Consequences in Practice: Domestic Interventions -- Minimum Wages -- Driver Safety Regulations -- Drug Prohibition -- Intellectual Property -- 4 Unintended Consequences in Practice: International Humanitarian Action -- P. T. Bauer on the Poverty Trap and Foreign Aid -- Doing Bad by Doing Good -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Individual Choice and Collective Identities -- 1 Locating the Problem -- 2 Identification of Violent Conflicts and Situations of Rapid Change -- 3 Structure and Agency -- 4 Structure and Agency in the History of Anthropology -- 5 The Relationship Between Emotions, Rationality and Hard Thinking -- 6 Purely a Matter of Choice? -- 7 The Information Economics of Identification -- 8 Shaping the Past -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Religious Radicalization: The Enigma of Beneficial Violence. 1 The Problem of Religion and Violence -- 2 The Case of Islamic Violence: Jihad -- 3 Definition of the Situation: The Thomas Theorem -- 4 Ethics of Responsibility or Ethics of Conviction -- 5 Islamic Canonical Prefigurations of Violent Actions: Ghazwa and Jihad -- Ashura -- Ghazwa and Jihad -- Ashura -- 6 The Zeal of Phinehas: A Jewish and Christian Prefiguration -- 7 From the End of Religious Terrorism -- References -- Risk Takers or Rational Conformists: Extending Boudon's Positional Theory to Understand Higher Education Choices in Contemporary China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Framework -- 3 Stratification of Higher Education and University Choices in Contemporary China -- 4 Methodology and Data -- 5 Findings -- University Choices and Rational Action -- Choices, Socioeconomic, Cultural and Academic Conformity -- Risks, Socioeconomic and Geographical Conformity -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Formal Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Individualism and Formal Models: Some General Remarks -- 3 Group Size Effects on Collective Good Production in the Volunteer's Dilemma -- 4 Deriving Micro-Level Theorems: Utility Theory -- 5 Deriving Theorems on Micro-to-Macro Relations: Social Choice Theory -- 6 The Small-World Problem -- 7 Continuous Versus Threshold Behavior in the Schelling Model -- 8 Self-Correcting Dynamics in Social Influence Processes -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Controversial Issues Surrounding Methodological Individualism -- Holistic Bias in Sociology: Contemporary Trends -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper's Critique of Historicism and Holism -- 3 Holism in Contemporary Sociology -- Sociology of Gender -- Sociology of Race and Ethnicity -- Environmental Sociology -- Self-Decolonization of Sociology -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Methodological Individualism and Reductionism. 1 Introduction. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910799500003321 |
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Bulle Nathalie
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| Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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