| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Chance, Order, Change :The Course of International Law -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Preface -- Introduction and overview -- Part I. International law as law -- Chapter I. Soft law for a hard world -- A. The realist challenge - "international law is too weak to be any good" -- B. Some responses to the realist challenge -- 1. The historiographical response -- 2. The empirical response -- 3. The processual response -- C. A Modern Analogue of Melos ? East Timor -- D. Conclusion : Incorporating and Transcending Realism -- Chapter II. International law as custom or false conssciousness ? -- A. Attempts to Define Customary International Law -- B. Opinio juris as an interloper -- 1. The recent origins of opinio juris -- 2. De-systematizing international law : The SS "Lotus" -- 3. How much opinio juris is required ? -- C. Opinio juris as an attitude of the subject of law -- D. Opinio juris in a world without institutions -- E. A false consciousness ? -- Chapter III. Sovereignty and law -- A. Sovereignty and its limits -- B. How can a sovereign State be "bound" by law ? -- 1. The "pure fact" view : Austin, Schmitt -- 2. The "legal" view : Kelsen, Lauterpacht -- 3. Schmitt and Kelsen compared -- C. The usefulness of "sovereignty" -- 1. The S word -- 2. The future of sovereignty -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter IV. Making law by treaty -- A. The Baxter paradox - "the more agreement, the less law" -- B. The North Sea Continental Shelf cases and the derivation of custom from treaty -- 1. Declaratory treaties -- 2. Universal treaties -- 3. Case study one : the 1949 Geneva Conventions -- 4. Case study two : the "outer continental shelf" underthe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 -- C. Avoiding the Baxter paradox -- D. Solving the Baxter paradox -- Chapter V. International law and indeterminacy -- A. The problem of indeterminacy.
1. The problem introduced -- 2. Species of indeterminacy -- B. Linguistic indeterminacy -- 1. The Hartian premise -- 2. Linguistic indeterminacy and international law -- 3. Resolving linguistic indeterminacy : international law responses -- C. Substantive indeterminacy -- 1. David Kennedy and North American indeterminacy -- 2. Martti Koskenniemi and European indeterminacy -- 3. Challenging substantive indeterminacy -- D. Conclusion : eppur si muove -- Part II. International law as a system -- Chapter VI. Personality and participation -- A. A relational process between participants -- 1. Conceptions of a "system" of law -- 2. The coherence challenge -- 3. The relation between international law and international society : transnational rules lacking societies -- 4. International law is a system, even if imperfect -- B. The problem of international personality -- 1. Recognition and subjectivity of legal personality -- 2. Participation and effect at the horizontal level -- C. Conclusion -- Chapter VII. International and national law : serving two masters ? -- A. The myth of the "dédoublement fonctionnel" -- B. The need for interaction between international and national laws -- C. Models of Interaction -- D. Relations between the law of nations and domestic legal systems -- 1. Underpinnings to constitutional classification -- E. International law in national legal orders -- 1. Preliminary points -- 2. State obligations to effectuate international law domestically -- 3. Implementing treaty and custom in four systems -- (a) The United Kingdom -- (b) The United States -- (c) France -- (d) Germany -- (e) Treaty making processes in civil law jurisdictions -- F. Conclusions : a return to dédoublement fonctionnel ? -- Chapter VIII. The impossibility of multilateralism -- A. Bilateral, multilateral, plurilateral -- B. Development of multilateralism.
1. Thinking multilaterally -- 2. A residual bilateralism ? -- C. Special Categories of Multilateral Norms -- D. Standing -- 1. An actio popularis? -- 2. Articles on State Responsibility -- E. Conclusion -- Chapter IX. Fragmentation, proliferation and "selfcontained regimes" -- A. The problem -- 1. A case study : Hirsi Jamaa v. Italy -- 2. Defining fragmentation -- 3. Species of fragmentation -- B. Substantive aspects of fragmentation -- 1. Fragmentation as a crowded bar -- 2. Substantive fragmentation and its resolution -- C. Institutional aspects of fragmentation -- 1. The overlapping jurisdictions of international courtsand tribunals -- 2. Proliferation and comity -- D. Self-contained regimes -- 1. Self-contained regimes, lex specialis and the law of treaties -- E. Conclusion : the centre holds -- Chapter X. Universality of international law -- A. Introduction -- B. The history of universality -- 1. Origins : from the seventeenth to the nineteenthcentury -- 2. Challenges : the twentieth and twenty-first centuries -- C. Universality today -- 1. Universality versus regionalism -- 2. The legal significance of regionalism -- D. The future of universality -- Part III. The rule of (international) law -- Chapter XI. The rule of law and equality under the law -- A. The rule of law as an ideal for legal systems -- 1. Conceptions of the rule of law -- 2. Is there an international rule of law ? -- 3. Features of the international rule of law -- B. Equality before the law -- 1. Formal equality of States -- 2. The equalizing process of formal equality -- 3. The international rule of law and unsocialized entities -- 4. The inequality of States in the context of the use of force -- 5. Substantive inequality among a "system" of equal sovereigns -- 6. Human equality in international law -- Chapter XII. Democracy and accountability.
A. Is democracy relevant to the international rule of law ? -- 1. "Democracy" may be shifting in meaning -- B. Promotion of democracy within States -- 1. Traditional international law was not democratic -- 2. A further undemocratic feature : non-intervention -- 3. Is international law changing ? -- 4. Democratic rights have become more entrenched -- 5. Election monitoring has become more common -- 6. Democracy and the discourse of good governance -- C. A democratic global system ? -- D. An open question -- Chapter XIII. Institutions above the law ? the Security council -- A. The accountability challenge -- B. The accountability of international organizations -- C. The Security council - a special case ? -- D. Constraints on the Security council -- E. A further constraint ? -- F. "Legislative" resolutions -- G. Is the validity of Security council resolutions justiciable ? -- H. Considerations of process and practice -- Chapter XIV. Constitutionalizing international law -- A. Meanings of "constitutionalization" -- 1. Relationship to the basic norm of international law -- 2. Relevance to the international rule of law -- B. A constitution for individuals or for States ? -- C. Identifying the international constitution -- 1. A system underpinned by a social contract -- 2. Is the UN Charter a constitution ? -- 3. Beyond the UN Charter -- D. Constitutionalization as a leitmotif -- Chapter XV. An irremediably unjust world ? -- A. The search for human flourishing -- B. Armed conflict and international justice -- 1. Problems of regulating armed conflict -- 2. Limiting the use of force -- 3. Unilateral intervention -- 4. Collective intervention -- 5. Responsibility to Protect ? -- 6. Criminal prosecutions : and justice for all ? -- 7. Immunity and iniquity -- C. Peacetime (in)justice -- 1. The global economic order and absolute poverty.
2. Justice and the world's resources -- D. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- About the author -- Biographical note -- Principal publications -- Index.
|
Info
Chance, order, change : the course of international law : general course on public international law / / James Crawford
