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Introduction to research methods in psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University
| Introduction to research methods in psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University |
| Autore | Howitt Dennis |
| Edizione | [Fourth edition] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Harlow, England : , : Pearson Education, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xxii, 508 pages) : illustrations |
| Disciplina | 150.72 |
| Collana | Always learning |
| Soggetto topico | Psychology - Research - Methodology |
| ISBN |
9781292015750
1292015756 9780273775065 0273775065 9780273775058 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Contents -- Guided tour -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1 The basics of research -- 1 The role of research in psychology -- Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Reading -- 1.3 Evaluating the evidence -- 1.4 Inferring causality -- 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality -- 1.6 Practice -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 2 Aims and hypotheses in research -- Overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of study -- 2.3 Aims of research -- 2.4 Research hypotheses -- 2.5 Four types of hypothesis -- 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses -- 2.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 3 Variables, concepts and measures -- Overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The history of the variable in psychology -- 3.3 Types of variable -- 3.4 Independent and dependent variables -- 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables -- 3.6 Stevens' theory of scales of measurement -- 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 4 The problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size -- Overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Universalism -- 4.3 Sampling and generalisation -- 4.4 Statistics and generalisation -- 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again -- 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association -- 4.7 Sample size and size of association -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 5 Research reports: The total picture -- Overview -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing -- 5.3 The sections of the research report in detail -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 6 Examples of how to writeresearch reports -- Overview -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 A poorly written practical report -- 6.3 Analysis of the report -- 6.4 An improved version of the report.
6.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 7 The literature search -- Overview -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Library classification systems -- 7.3 Electronic databases -- 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library -- 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 8 Ethics and data management in research -- Overview -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ethics: general principles -- 8.3 Research ethics -- 8.4 Ethics and publication -- 8.5 Obtaining the participant's consent -- 8.6 Data management -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 2 Quantitative research methods -- 9 The basic laboratory experiment -- Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment -- 9.3 More advanced research designs -- 9.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 10 Advanced experimental design -- Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable -- 10.3 Multiple dependent variables -- 10.4 Factorial designs -- 10.5 The psychology and social psychology of the laboratory experiment -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 11 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies -- Overview -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Cross-sectional designs -- 11.3 The case for non-manipulation studies -- 11.4 Key concepts in the analysis of cross-sectional studies -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 12 Longitudinal studies -- Overview -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Panel designs -- 12.3 Different types of third variable -- 12.4 Analysis of non-experimental designs -- 12.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 13 Sampling and population surveys -- Overview -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Types of probability sampling -- 13.3 Non-probability sampling -- 13.4 National surveys -- 13.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples. 13.6 Sample size and population surveys -- 13.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement -- 14 Psychological tests: Their use and construction -- Overview -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The concept of a scale -- 14.3 Scale construction -- 14.4 Item analysis or factor analysis? -- 14.5 Other considerations in test construction -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 15 Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures -- Overview -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Reliability of measures -- 15.3 Validity -- 15.4 Types of validity -- 15.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 16 Coding data -- Overview -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Types of coding -- 16.3 Reliability and validity -- 16.4 Qualitative coding -- 16.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 4 Qualitative research methods -- 17 Why qualitative research? -- Overview -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 What is qualitative research? -- 17.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology -- 17.4 The quantification-qualitative methods continuum -- 17.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods -- 17.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 18 Qualitative data collection -- Overview -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Major qualitative data collection approaches -- 18.3 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 19 Transcribing language data: The Jefferson system -- Overview -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Jefferson transcription -- 19.3 Advice for transcribers -- 19.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 20 Thematic analysis -- Overview -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 What is thematic analysis? -- 20.3 A basic approach to thematic analysis -- 20.4 A more sophisticated version of thematic analysis -- 20.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 21 Grounded theory -- Overview -- 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Development of grounded theory -- 21.3 Data in grounded theory -- 21.4 How to do grounded theory analysis -- 21.5 Computer grounded theory analysis -- 21.6 Evaluation of grounded theory -- 21.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 22 Discourse analysis -- Overview -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Important characteristics of discourse -- 22.3 The agenda of discourse analysis -- 22.4 Doing discourse analysis -- 22.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 23 Conversation analysis -- Overview -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Precepts of conversation analysis -- 23.3 Stages in conversation analysis -- 23.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- 24 Interpretative phenomenological analysis -- Overview -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 25 Evaluating and writing up qualitative research -- Overview -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Evaluating qualitative research -- 25.3 Validity -- 25.4 Criteria for novices -- 25.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 5 Research for projects, dissertations and theses -- 26 Developing ideas for research -- Overview -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Why not a replication study? -- 26.3 Choosing a research topic -- 26.4 Sources of research ideas -- 26.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- Glossary -- References -- Index. |
| Altri titoli varianti | Research methods in psychology |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910153151303321 |
Howitt Dennis
|
||
| Harlow, England : , : Pearson Education, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Introduction to SPSS statistics in psychology : for version 19 and earlier / / Dennis Howitt, Duncan Cramer
| Introduction to SPSS statistics in psychology : for version 19 and earlier / / Dennis Howitt, Duncan Cramer |
| Autore | Howitt Dennis |
| Edizione | [Sixth edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (560 pages) : illustrations |
| Disciplina | 150.2 |
| Soggetto topico | Psychometrics |
| ISBN | 1-292-00073-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Contents -- Guided tour -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Key differences between IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and earlier versions -- Part 1 Introduction to SPSS Statistics -- 1 A brief introduction to statistics -- Overview -- 1.1 Basic statistical concepts essential in SPSS Statistics analyses -- 1.2 Basic research designs: comparative versus correlational designs -- 1.3 The different types of variables in statistics -- 1.4 Descriptive and inferential statistics compared -- 1.5 Related versus unrelated designs -- 1.6 Quick summaries of statistical analyses -- 1.7 Which procedure or test to use -- 2 Basics of SPSS Statistics data entry and statistical analysis -- Overview -- 2.1 What is SPSS Statistics? -- 2.2 Accessing SPSS Statistics -- 2.3 Entering data -- 2.4 Moving within a window with the mouse -- 2.5 Moving within a window using the keyboard keys with the mouse -- 2.6 Saving data to disk -- 2.7 Opening up a data file -- 2.8 Using 'Variable View' to create and label variables -- 2.9 More on 'Data View' -- 2.10 A simple statistical calculation with SPSS -- 2.11 The SPSS Statistics output -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for a statistical analysis -- Part 2 Descriptive statistics -- 3 Describing variables: Tables -- Overview -- 3.1 What are tables? -- 3.2 When to use tables -- 3.3 When not to use tables -- 3.4 Data requirements for tables -- 3.5 Problems in the use of tables -- 3.6 The data to be analysed -- 3.7 Entering summarised categorical or frequency data by weighting -- 3.8 Percentage frequencies -- 3.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for frequency tables -- 4 Describing variables: Diagrams -- Overview -- 4.1 What are diagrams? -- 4.2 When to use diagrams -- 4.3 When not to use diagrams -- 4.4 Data requirements for diagrams -- 4.5 Problems in the use of diagrams.
4.6 The data to be analysed -- 4.7 Entering summarised categorical or frequency data by weighting -- 4.8 Pie diagram of category data -- 4.9 Adding labels to the pie diagram and removing the legend and label -- 4.10 Changing the colour of a pie diagram slice to a black and white pattern -- 4.11 Bar chart of category data -- 4.12 Histograms -- Summary of SPSS steps for charts -- 5 Describing variables numerically: Averages, variation and spread -- Overview -- 5.1 What are averages, variation and spread? -- 5.2 When to use averages, variation and spread -- 5.3 When not to use averages, variation and spread -- 5.4 Data requirements for averages, variation and spread -- 5.5 Problems in the use of averages, variation and spread -- 5.6 The data to be analysed -- 5.7 Entering the data -- 5.8 Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and range -- 5.9 Interpreting the output -- 5.10 Other features -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for descriptive statistics -- 6 Shapes of distributions of scores -- Overview -- 6.1 What are the different shapes of scores? -- 6.2 When to use histograms and frequency tables of scores -- 6.3 When not to use histograms and frequency tables of scores -- 6.4 Data requirements for using histograms and frequency tables of scores -- 6.5 Problems in using histograms and frequency tables of scores -- 6.6 The data to be analysed -- 6.7 Entering the data -- 6.8 Frequency tables -- 6.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 6.10 Histograms -- 6.11 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for frequency distributions -- 7 Standard deviation: The standard unit of measurement in statistics -- Overview -- 7.1 What is standard deviation? -- 7.2 When to use standard deviation -- 7.3 When not to use standard deviation. 7.4 Data requirements for standard deviation -- 7.5 Problems in the use of standard deviation -- 7.6 The data to be analysed -- 7.7 Entering the data -- 7.8 Standard deviation -- 7.9 Interpreting the output -- 7.10 Z -scores -- 7.11 Other features -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for standard deviation -- 8 Relationships between two or more variables: Tables -- Overview -- 8.1 What tables are used to show relationships between variables? -- 8.2 When to use tables to show relationships between variables -- 8.3 When not to use tables to show relationships between variables -- 8.4 Data requirements for tables to show relationships between variables -- 8.5 Problems in the use of tables to show relationships between variables -- 8.6 The data to be analysed -- 8.7 Entering the data -- 8.8 Weighting the data -- 8.9 Cross-tabulation with frequencies -- 8.10 Displaying frequencies as a percentage of the total number -- 8.11 Displaying frequencies as a percentage of the column total -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for contingency tables -- 9 Relationships between two or more variables: Diagrams -- Overview -- 9.1 What diagrams are used to show relationships between variables? -- 9.2 When to use diagrams to show relationships between variables -- 9.3 When not to use diagrams to show relationships between variables -- 9.4 Data requirements for diagrams to show relationships between variables -- 9.5 Problems in the use of diagrams to show relationships between variables -- 9.6 The data to be analysed -- 9.7 Entering the data -- 9.8 Weighting the data -- 9.9 Compound (stacked) percentage bar chart -- 9.10 Compound (clustered) bar chart -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for bar charts -- 10 Correlation coefficients: Pearson's correlation and Spearman's rho -- Overview -- 10.1 What is a correlation coefficient?. 10.2 When to use Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients -- 10.3 When not to use Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients -- 10.4 Data requirements for Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients -- 10.5 Problems in the use of correlation coefficients -- 10.6 The data to be analysed -- 10.7 Entering the data -- 10.8 Pearson's correlation -- 10.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 10.10 Spearman's rho -- 10.11 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 10.12 Scatter diagram -- 10.13 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 10.14 Scattergram with more than one case with the same two values -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for correlation -- 11 Regression: Prediction with precision -- Overview -- 11.1 What is simple regression? -- 11.2 When to use simple regression -- 11.3 When not to use simple regression -- 11.4 Data requirements for simple regression -- 11.5 Problems in the use of simple regression -- 11.6 The data to be analysed -- 11.7 Entering the data -- 11.8 Simple regression -- 11.9 Interpreting the output -- 11.10 Regression scatterplot -- 11.11 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for simple regression -- Part 3 Significance testing and basic inferential tests -- 12 Standard error -- Overview -- 12.1 What is standard error? -- 12.2 When to use standard error -- 12.3 When not to use standard error -- 12.4 Data requirements for standard error -- 12.5 Problems in the use of standard error -- 12.6 The data to be analysed -- 12.7 Entering the data -- 12.8 Estimated standard error of the mean -- 12.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for standard error -- 13 The t-test: Comparing two samples of correlated/related/paired scores -- Overview -- 13.1 What is the related t-test?. 13.2 When to use the related t-test -- 13.3 When not to use the related t-test -- 13.4 Data requirements for the related t-test -- 13.5 Problems in the use of the related t-test -- 13.6 The data to be analysed -- 13.7 Entering the data -- 13.8 Related t-test -- 13.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for related t-test -- 14 The t-test: Comparing two groups of unrelated/uncorrelated scores -- Overview -- 14.1 What is the unrelated t-test? -- 14.2 When to use the unrelated t-test -- 14.3 When not to use the unrelated t-test -- 14.4 Data requirements for the unrelated t-test -- 14.5 Problems in the use of the unrelated t-test -- 14.6 The data to be analysed -- 14.7 Entering the data -- 14.8 Unrelated t-test -- 14.9 Interpreting the output -- REPORTING THE RESULTS -- Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for unrelated t -test -- 15 Confidence intervals -- Overview -- 15.1 What are confidence intervals? -- 15.2 The relationship between significance and confidence intervals -- 15.3 Confidence intervals and limits in SPSS Statistics -- 16 Chi-square: Differences between unrelated samples of frequency data -- Overview -- 16.1 What is chi-square? -- 16.2 When to use chi-square -- 16.3 When not to use chi-square -- 16.4 Data requirements for chi-square -- 16.5 Problems in the use of chi-square -- 16.6 The data to be analysed -- 16.7 Entering the data using the 'Weighting Cases' procedure -- 16.8 Entering the data case by case -- 16.9 Chi-square -- 16.10 Interpreting the output for chi-square -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 16.11 Fisher's exact test -- 16.12 Interpreting the output for Fisher's exact test -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 16.13 One-sample chi-square -- 16.14 Interpreting the output for a one-sample chi-square -- REPORTING THE OUTPUT -- 16.15 Chi-square without ready-made tables. Summary of SPSS Statistics steps for chi-square. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910151571103321 |
|
Howitt Dennis
|
||
| Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Research methods in psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University
| Research methods in psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University |
| Autore | Howitt Dennis |
| Edizione | [Fifth edition.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Harlow, England ; ; New York, United States : , : Pearson, , [2017] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xxiii, 552 pages) |
| Disciplina | 150.721 |
| Soggetto topico | Psychology - Research - Methodology |
| ISBN |
9781292134307
1292134305 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910154940803321 |
|
Howitt Dennis
|
||
| Harlow, England ; ; New York, United States : , : Pearson, , [2017] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||