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Digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters / / Luca Corradini, Dragan Maksimovic, Paolo Mattavelli, Regan Zane
Digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters / / Luca Corradini, Dragan Maksimovic, Paolo Mattavelli, Regan Zane
Autore Corradini Luca
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , [2015]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (402 p.)
Disciplina 621.381044
Altri autori (Persone) MaksimoviâcDragan <1961->
MattavelliPaolo
ZaneRegan
Collana IEEE press series on power engineering
Soggetto topico Electric current converters - Automatic control
Switching power supplies - Automatic control
Digital control systems
ISBN 1-119-02539-7
1-119-02537-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto PREFACE ix -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- CHAPTER 1 CONTINUOUS-TIME AVERAGED MODELING OF DC-DC CONVERTERS 13 -- 1.1 Pulse Width Modulated Converters 14 -- 1.2 Converters in Steady State 16 -- 1.2.1 Boost Converter Example 17 -- 1.2.2 Estimation of the Switching Ripple 19 -- 1.2.3 Voltage Conversion Ratios of Basic Converters 20 -- 1.3 Converter Dynamics and Control 21 -- 1.3.1 Converter Averaging and Linearization 22 -- 1.3.2 Modeling of the Pulse Width Modulator 24 -- 1.3.3 The System Loop Gain 25 -- 1.3.4 Averaged Small-Signal Models of Basic Converters 26 -- 1.4 State-Space Averaging 28 -- 1.4.1 Converter Steady-State Operating Point 28 -- 1.4.2 Averaged Small-Signal State-Space Model 29 -- 1.4.3 Boost Converter Example 30 -- 1.5 Design Examples 32 -- 1.5.1 Voltage-Mode Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 32 -- 1.5.2 Average Current-Mode Control of a Boost Converter 42 -- 1.6 Duty Ratio d[k] Versus d(t) 48 -- 1.7 Summary of Key Points 50 -- CHAPTER 2 THE DIGITAL CONTROL LOOP 51 -- 2.1 Case Study: Digital Voltage-Mode Control 52 -- 2.2 A/D Conversion 53 -- 2.2.1 Sampling Rate 53 -- 2.2.2 Amplitude Quantization 56 -- 2.3 The Digital Compensator 58 -- 2.4 Digital Pulse Width Modulation 63 -- 2.5 Loop Delays 65 -- 2.5.1 Control Delays 65 -- 2.5.2 Modulation Delay 66 -- 2.5.3 Total Loop Delay 70 -- 2.6 Use of Averaged Models in Digital Control Design 71 -- 2.6.1 Limitations of Averaged Modeling 71 -- 2.6.2 Averaged Modeling of a Digitally Controlled Converter 74 -- 2.7 Summary of Key Points 78 -- CHAPTER 3 DISCRETE-TIME MODELING 79 -- 3.1 Discrete-Time Small-Signal Modeling 80 -- 3.1.1 A Preliminary Example: A Switched Inductor 82 -- 3.1.2 The General Case 85 -- 3.1.3 Discrete-Time Models for Basic Types of PWM Modulation 87 -- 3.2 Discrete-Time Modeling Examples 88 -- 3.2.1 Synchronous Buck Converter 90 -- 3.2.2 Boost Converter 97 -- 3.3 Discrete-Time Modeling of Time-Invariant Topologies 102 -- 3.3.1 Equivalence to Discrete-Time Modeling 106 -- 3.3.2 Relationship with the Modified Z-Transform 108.
3.3.3 Calculation of Tu(z) 108 -- 3.3.4 Buck Converter Example Revisited 112 -- 3.4 Matlab(R) Discrete-Time Modeling of Basic Converters 112 -- 3.5 Summary of Key Points 117 -- CHAPTER 4 DIGITAL CONTROL 119 -- 4.1 System-Level Compensator Design 119 -- 4.1.1 Direct-Digital Design Using the Bilinear Transform Method 120 -- 4.1.2 Digital PID Compensators in the z- and the p-Domains 123 -- 4.2 Design Examples 126 -- 4.2.1 Digital Voltage-Mode Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 126 -- 4.2.2 Digital Current-Mode Control of a Boost Converter 134 -- 4.2.3 Multiloop Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 136 -- 4.2.4 Boost Power Factor Corrector 141 -- 4.3 Other Converter Transfer Functions 154 -- 4.4 Actuator Saturation and Integral Anti-Windup Provisions 160 -- 4.5 Summary of Key Points 165 -- CHAPTER 5 AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION 167 -- 5.1 System Quantizations 167 -- 5.1.1 A/D Converter 167 -- 5.1.2 DPWM Quantization 169 -- 5.2 Steady-State Solution 172 -- 5.3 No-Limit-Cycling Conditions 175 -- 5.3.1 DPWM versus A/D Resolution 175 -- 5.3.2 Integral Gain 178 -- 5.3.3 Dynamic Quantization Effects 181 -- 5.4 DPWM and A/D Implementation Techniques 182 -- 5.4.1 DPWM Hardware Implementation Techniques 182 -- 5.4.2 Effective DPWM Resolution Improvements via ΣΔ Modulation 186 -- 5.4.3 A/D Converters 187 -- 5.5 Summary of Key Points 190 -- CHAPTER 6 COMPENSATOR IMPLEMENTATION 191 -- 6.1 PID Compensator Realizations 194 -- 6.2 Coefficient Scaling and Quantization 197 -- 6.2.1 Coefficients Scaling 198 -- 6.2.2 Coefficients Quantization 200 -- 6.3 Voltage-Mode Control Example: Coefficients Quantization 203 -- 6.3.1 Parallel Structure 204 -- 6.3.2 Direct Structure 206 -- 6.3.3 Cascade Structure 208 -- 6.4 Fixed-Point Controller Implementation 213 -- 6.4.1 Effective Dynamic Range and Hardware Dynamic Range 214 -- 6.4.2 Upper Bound of a Signal and the L1-Norm 216 -- 6.5 Voltage-Mode Converter Example: Fixed-Point Implementation 218 -- 6.5.1 Parallel Realization 220 -- 6.5.2 Direct Realization 225.
6.5.3 Cascade Realization 229 -- 6.5.4 Linear versus Quantized System Response 233 -- 6.6 HDL Implementation of the Controller 234 -- 6.6.1 VHDL Example 235 -- 6.6.2 Verilog Example 237 -- 6.7 Summary of Key Points 239 -- CHAPTER 7 DIGITAL AUTOTUNING 241 -- 7.1 Introduction to Digital Autotuning 242 -- 7.2 Programmable PID Structures 243 -- 7.3 Autotuning VIA Injection of a Digital Perturbation 247 -- 7.3.1 Theory of Operation 249 -- 7.3.2 Implementation of a PD Autotuner 253 -- 7.3.3 Simulation Example 255 -- 7.3.4 Small-Signal Analysis of the PD Autotuning Loop 261 -- 7.4 Digital Autotuning Based on Relay Feedback 265 -- 7.4.1 Theory of Operation 266 -- 7.4.2 Implementation of a Digital Relay Feedback Autotuner 267 -- 7.4.3 Simulation Example 271 -- 7.5 Implementation Issues 272 -- 7.6 Summary of Key Points 275 -- APPENDIX A DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR SYSTEMS AND THE Z-TRANSFORM 277 -- A.1 Difference Equations 277 -- A.1.1 Forced Response 278 -- A.1.2 Free Response 279 -- A.1.3 Impulse Response and System Modes 281 -- A.1.4 Asymptotic Behavior of the Modes 282 -- A.1.5 Further Examples 283 -- A.2 Z-Transform 284 -- A.2.1 Definition 284 -- A.2.2 Properties 285 -- A.3 The Transfer Function 287 -- A.3.1 Stability 287 -- A.3.2 Frequency Response 288 -- A.4 State-Space Representation 288 -- APPENDIX B FIXED-POINT ARITHMETIC AND HDL CODING 291 -- B.1 Rounding Operation and Round-Off Error 291 -- B.2 Floating-Point versus Fixed-Point Arithmetic Systems 293 -- B.3 Binary Two's Complement (B2C) Fixed-Point Representation 294 -- B.4 Signal Notation 296 -- B.5 Manipulation of B2C Quantities and HDL Examples 297 -- B.5.1 Sign Extension 298 -- B.5.2 Alignment 299 -- B.5.3 Sign Reversal 301 -- B.5.4 LSB and MSB Truncation 302 -- B.5.5 Addition and Subtraction 304 -- B.5.6 Multiplication 305 -- B.5.7 Overflow Detection and Saturated Arithmetic 307 -- APPENDIX C SMALL-SIGNAL PHASE LAG OF UNIFORMLY SAMPLED PULSE WIDTH MODULATORS 313 -- C.1 Trailing-Edge Modulators 313 -- C.2 Leading-Edge Modulators 317.
C.3 Symmetrical Modulators 318 -- REFERENCES 321 -- INDEX 335.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910208952703321
Corradini Luca  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , [2015]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters / / Luca Corradini, Dragan Maksimovic, Paolo Mattavelli, Regan Zane
Digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters / / Luca Corradini, Dragan Maksimovic, Paolo Mattavelli, Regan Zane
Autore Corradini Luca
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , [2015]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (402 p.)
Disciplina 621.381044
Altri autori (Persone) MaksimoviâcDragan <1961->
MattavelliPaolo
ZaneRegan
Collana IEEE press series on power engineering
Soggetto topico Electric current converters - Automatic control
Switching power supplies - Automatic control
Digital control systems
ISBN 1-119-02539-7
1-119-02537-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto PREFACE ix -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- CHAPTER 1 CONTINUOUS-TIME AVERAGED MODELING OF DC-DC CONVERTERS 13 -- 1.1 Pulse Width Modulated Converters 14 -- 1.2 Converters in Steady State 16 -- 1.2.1 Boost Converter Example 17 -- 1.2.2 Estimation of the Switching Ripple 19 -- 1.2.3 Voltage Conversion Ratios of Basic Converters 20 -- 1.3 Converter Dynamics and Control 21 -- 1.3.1 Converter Averaging and Linearization 22 -- 1.3.2 Modeling of the Pulse Width Modulator 24 -- 1.3.3 The System Loop Gain 25 -- 1.3.4 Averaged Small-Signal Models of Basic Converters 26 -- 1.4 State-Space Averaging 28 -- 1.4.1 Converter Steady-State Operating Point 28 -- 1.4.2 Averaged Small-Signal State-Space Model 29 -- 1.4.3 Boost Converter Example 30 -- 1.5 Design Examples 32 -- 1.5.1 Voltage-Mode Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 32 -- 1.5.2 Average Current-Mode Control of a Boost Converter 42 -- 1.6 Duty Ratio d[k] Versus d(t) 48 -- 1.7 Summary of Key Points 50 -- CHAPTER 2 THE DIGITAL CONTROL LOOP 51 -- 2.1 Case Study: Digital Voltage-Mode Control 52 -- 2.2 A/D Conversion 53 -- 2.2.1 Sampling Rate 53 -- 2.2.2 Amplitude Quantization 56 -- 2.3 The Digital Compensator 58 -- 2.4 Digital Pulse Width Modulation 63 -- 2.5 Loop Delays 65 -- 2.5.1 Control Delays 65 -- 2.5.2 Modulation Delay 66 -- 2.5.3 Total Loop Delay 70 -- 2.6 Use of Averaged Models in Digital Control Design 71 -- 2.6.1 Limitations of Averaged Modeling 71 -- 2.6.2 Averaged Modeling of a Digitally Controlled Converter 74 -- 2.7 Summary of Key Points 78 -- CHAPTER 3 DISCRETE-TIME MODELING 79 -- 3.1 Discrete-Time Small-Signal Modeling 80 -- 3.1.1 A Preliminary Example: A Switched Inductor 82 -- 3.1.2 The General Case 85 -- 3.1.3 Discrete-Time Models for Basic Types of PWM Modulation 87 -- 3.2 Discrete-Time Modeling Examples 88 -- 3.2.1 Synchronous Buck Converter 90 -- 3.2.2 Boost Converter 97 -- 3.3 Discrete-Time Modeling of Time-Invariant Topologies 102 -- 3.3.1 Equivalence to Discrete-Time Modeling 106 -- 3.3.2 Relationship with the Modified Z-Transform 108.
3.3.3 Calculation of Tu(z) 108 -- 3.3.4 Buck Converter Example Revisited 112 -- 3.4 Matlab(R) Discrete-Time Modeling of Basic Converters 112 -- 3.5 Summary of Key Points 117 -- CHAPTER 4 DIGITAL CONTROL 119 -- 4.1 System-Level Compensator Design 119 -- 4.1.1 Direct-Digital Design Using the Bilinear Transform Method 120 -- 4.1.2 Digital PID Compensators in the z- and the p-Domains 123 -- 4.2 Design Examples 126 -- 4.2.1 Digital Voltage-Mode Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 126 -- 4.2.2 Digital Current-Mode Control of a Boost Converter 134 -- 4.2.3 Multiloop Control of a Synchronous Buck Converter 136 -- 4.2.4 Boost Power Factor Corrector 141 -- 4.3 Other Converter Transfer Functions 154 -- 4.4 Actuator Saturation and Integral Anti-Windup Provisions 160 -- 4.5 Summary of Key Points 165 -- CHAPTER 5 AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION 167 -- 5.1 System Quantizations 167 -- 5.1.1 A/D Converter 167 -- 5.1.2 DPWM Quantization 169 -- 5.2 Steady-State Solution 172 -- 5.3 No-Limit-Cycling Conditions 175 -- 5.3.1 DPWM versus A/D Resolution 175 -- 5.3.2 Integral Gain 178 -- 5.3.3 Dynamic Quantization Effects 181 -- 5.4 DPWM and A/D Implementation Techniques 182 -- 5.4.1 DPWM Hardware Implementation Techniques 182 -- 5.4.2 Effective DPWM Resolution Improvements via ΣΔ Modulation 186 -- 5.4.3 A/D Converters 187 -- 5.5 Summary of Key Points 190 -- CHAPTER 6 COMPENSATOR IMPLEMENTATION 191 -- 6.1 PID Compensator Realizations 194 -- 6.2 Coefficient Scaling and Quantization 197 -- 6.2.1 Coefficients Scaling 198 -- 6.2.2 Coefficients Quantization 200 -- 6.3 Voltage-Mode Control Example: Coefficients Quantization 203 -- 6.3.1 Parallel Structure 204 -- 6.3.2 Direct Structure 206 -- 6.3.3 Cascade Structure 208 -- 6.4 Fixed-Point Controller Implementation 213 -- 6.4.1 Effective Dynamic Range and Hardware Dynamic Range 214 -- 6.4.2 Upper Bound of a Signal and the L1-Norm 216 -- 6.5 Voltage-Mode Converter Example: Fixed-Point Implementation 218 -- 6.5.1 Parallel Realization 220 -- 6.5.2 Direct Realization 225.
6.5.3 Cascade Realization 229 -- 6.5.4 Linear versus Quantized System Response 233 -- 6.6 HDL Implementation of the Controller 234 -- 6.6.1 VHDL Example 235 -- 6.6.2 Verilog Example 237 -- 6.7 Summary of Key Points 239 -- CHAPTER 7 DIGITAL AUTOTUNING 241 -- 7.1 Introduction to Digital Autotuning 242 -- 7.2 Programmable PID Structures 243 -- 7.3 Autotuning VIA Injection of a Digital Perturbation 247 -- 7.3.1 Theory of Operation 249 -- 7.3.2 Implementation of a PD Autotuner 253 -- 7.3.3 Simulation Example 255 -- 7.3.4 Small-Signal Analysis of the PD Autotuning Loop 261 -- 7.4 Digital Autotuning Based on Relay Feedback 265 -- 7.4.1 Theory of Operation 266 -- 7.4.2 Implementation of a Digital Relay Feedback Autotuner 267 -- 7.4.3 Simulation Example 271 -- 7.5 Implementation Issues 272 -- 7.6 Summary of Key Points 275 -- APPENDIX A DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR SYSTEMS AND THE Z-TRANSFORM 277 -- A.1 Difference Equations 277 -- A.1.1 Forced Response 278 -- A.1.2 Free Response 279 -- A.1.3 Impulse Response and System Modes 281 -- A.1.4 Asymptotic Behavior of the Modes 282 -- A.1.5 Further Examples 283 -- A.2 Z-Transform 284 -- A.2.1 Definition 284 -- A.2.2 Properties 285 -- A.3 The Transfer Function 287 -- A.3.1 Stability 287 -- A.3.2 Frequency Response 288 -- A.4 State-Space Representation 288 -- APPENDIX B FIXED-POINT ARITHMETIC AND HDL CODING 291 -- B.1 Rounding Operation and Round-Off Error 291 -- B.2 Floating-Point versus Fixed-Point Arithmetic Systems 293 -- B.3 Binary Two's Complement (B2C) Fixed-Point Representation 294 -- B.4 Signal Notation 296 -- B.5 Manipulation of B2C Quantities and HDL Examples 297 -- B.5.1 Sign Extension 298 -- B.5.2 Alignment 299 -- B.5.3 Sign Reversal 301 -- B.5.4 LSB and MSB Truncation 302 -- B.5.5 Addition and Subtraction 304 -- B.5.6 Multiplication 305 -- B.5.7 Overflow Detection and Saturated Arithmetic 307 -- APPENDIX C SMALL-SIGNAL PHASE LAG OF UNIFORMLY SAMPLED PULSE WIDTH MODULATORS 313 -- C.1 Trailing-Edge Modulators 313 -- C.2 Leading-Edge Modulators 317.
C.3 Symmetrical Modulators 318 -- REFERENCES 321 -- INDEX 335.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830805003321
Corradini Luca  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , [2015]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui