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Intro -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Figure 1 GDP per capita growth in Mauritius, the DAEs and non-LDC Africa,1 1980-97 -- Table 1 Social and economic indicators by country, 1980- 96 -- Notes -- PART I TRENDS IN GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS -- A. TRADE -- Trade and development strategies -- The EPZ -- Table 2 Provisions for overtime, overtime pay, severance allowances and termination settlements in EPZ and non-EPZ enterprises -- Preferential trade agreements -- The problems of small, vulnerable economies: A recent submission to the WTO -- Export duty -- Import tariffs and non-tariff regulations -- Table 3 Average rates of effective protection in the manufacturing sector for 1980 and 1990, and the average nominal tariff rate for 1994 -- Trade flows and openness of economy -- Figure 2 Trade openness in Mauritius, the DAEs and non-LDC Africa,1980-96 -- Table 4 Top Mauritian export products, 1995 (as a percentage) -- Figure 3 Exports of sugar, other merchandise and services, 1980-95 -- Table 5 Main destination of Mauritian exports and main origin of imports, 1996 -- External debt, trade balance and FDI -- Figure 4 External debt, and external debt service, 1980-96 -- Table 6 External debt and current account balance, 1980-95 -- Table 7 Foreign direct investment (FDI), 1985-97 -- B. LABOUR MARKETS -- Labour force and labour force growth -- Employment by size of establishment -- Table 8 Labour force and employment in large and other-than-large establishments, 1982-96 -- Figure 5 Employment by size of establishment, 1982-97 -- Sectoral distribution of employment -- Figure 6 Distribution of employment by four major industrial sectors, 1982-97 -- Foreign labour -- Unemployment -- Table 9 Unemployment statistics, 1983-97 -- Figure 7 Unemployment rates by source, 1982-97.
Educational and skill level of the labour force -- Table 10 Gross enrolment ratios 1 at primary, secondary and tertiary educational levels, 1980-96 -- Table 11 Educational level of the labour force, 1983-95 -- Training -- Government education strategy -- Employment quality and insecurity -- Table 12 Employed population by length of service and employment sector, 1995 -- Table 13 Hours worked in all occupations and part-time employment in reference week, 1995 -- Table 14 Average usual hours of work in main occupation by industry, 1995 -- C. LABOUR MARKET INSTITUTIONS AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS -- Industrial relations context -- Collective bargaining and unionization -- Table 15 Trade union participation rate and industrial stoppages, 1981-96 -- Wage-fixing practices -- Table 16 Minimum wage and actual wage for selected occupations in export industries, 1995 -- Industrial conflicts -- Discussions on revising the Industrial Relations Act and labour law -- D. INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY -- Income distribution -- Poverty -- Table 17 Income distribution, 1975-96/97 -- Notes -- PART I I ASSESSING THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION -- A. TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT -- Table 18 Employment and percentage distribution of employment in economic sectors by trade orientation, 1982- 97 -- Figure 8 Distribution of employment in economic sectors by trade orientation, 1982_97 -- Figure 9 Employment in export-related sectors, 1982-97 -- Figure 10 Employment in component parts of export-oriented sectors, 1982-97 -- Women's role in trade -- Payment system -- Figure 11 Average earnings in an industry per percentage of women in that industry, 1988 and 1995 -- Table 19 Distribution of employment by employment status, payment system and occupation, 1990 -- Establishment size and trade -- Figure 12 Distribution of EPZ employment by enterprise size, 1982-96 -- B. TRADE AND SKILLS.
Figure 13 Share of high-skilled exports by country or territory, 1980 and 1992 -- Figure 14 Share of "technologically advanced" products in manufactured exports by country or territory, 1980 and 1992 -- Table 20 Employment by industry and occupation, 1995 -- C. TRADE AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS -- Figure 15 Average real wages in Mauritius' manufacturing sector, 1968-90 -- D. ECONOMIC GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS -- Factor inputs, productivity and economic growth -- Table 21 Gross domestic investment and gross domestic savings, 1980- 96 -- Table 22 Contributions of capital and labour inputs, and total factor productivity to economic growth, 1967-97 -- Table 23 Capital, labour and multi-factor productivity in the total economy, the manufacturing sector and the EPZ, 1982-96 -- Competitiveness and labour costs -- Figure 16 Labour productivity and unit labour costs in the EPZ, 1982-96 -- Table 24 Labour costs per hour in the clothing industry by country, 1993 and 1996 -- Table 25 Relative annual wages in manufacturing by country or territory, 1985-93 -- Notes -- PART III POLICY ISSUES -- A. CONSTRAINTS ON PUBLIC FINANCE, SOCIAL COHESION AND SOCIAL WELFARE -- Constraints on public finance -- Table 26 Government spending and revenues: Total expenditure and overall budget balance -- Social welfare and social cohesion -- Table 27 Social and defence spending by country, 1991-97 -- B. WOMEN: DEVELOPMENT AND EQUITY -- Table 28 Women in the labour market, 1983-95 -- Table 29 Policies, programmes and approaches to eliminating gender inequality and discrimination in the labour market -- C. CROSSROADS IN DEVELOPMENT AND TRADE: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD -- Garments/textiles -- Sugar -- Tourism -- International services -- Towards an integrated economy: Linkages of SMEs to the rest of the economy -- Employment implications of the four "cylinders of growth".
Figure 17 Approximate employment in the sugar, EPZ, tourism and finance sectors, 1982-97 -- D. REGIONAL COOPERATION -- Notes -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ANNEX I LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL DIMENSION INFORMATION NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE -- Unemployment estimates -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.
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Living wages around the world : manual for measurement / / Richard Anker, Martha Anker
