Autore	Bannwarth Helmut
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Weinheim ; ; [Great Britain], : Wiley-VCH, c2005
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (514 p.)
Disciplina	621.5 621.55
Soggetto topico	Vacuum technology Vacuum
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-51996-7 9786610519965 3-527-60588-6 3-527-60472-3
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps, Compressors and Systems; Foreword; Preface; Preface of the first edition in German language in 1991; Contents; 1 Gas Physics and Vacuum Technology; 1.1 The term ""vacuum""; 1.2 Application of vacuum technology; 1.2.1 Basic operations in process engineering; 1.2.2 Basic fields and worked-out examples for the application of vacuum technology; 1.2.3 Overview of the most important vacuum processes; 1.2.4 Basic designs of apparatus for mass transfer and mass combination; 1.2.5 Limits to the application of vacuum in process engineering 1.3 Operating ranges and measuring ranges of vacuum1.3.1 Vacuum pressure ranges; 1.3.2 Vapor pressure curve of water in vacuum; 1.3.3 Vacuum operation ranges, temperature pressure table; 1.3.4 Total pressure measuring; 1.3.5 Pressure meters; 1.3.6 Definition of terms for vacuum measuring devices; 1.4 Gas flow and vacuum ranges; 1.4.1 Vacuum ranges and types of flow; 1.4.2 Mean free path; 1.4.3 Reynolds number; 1.4.4 Gas flow, suction power, suction capacity; 1.4.5 Flow losses in pipework; 1.4.6 Effective suction capacity of vacuum pumps; 1.4.7 Gas-inflow and outflow on a vacuum chamber 1.4.8 Practice oriented application of the gas flow calculation1.5 Physical states of matter; 1.5.1 The terms gases, vapors, vacuum; 1.5.2 Physical basic principles of ideal gases; 1.5.3 Standard temperature and pressure; 1.5.4 Real gases and vapors; 1.5.5 Phase transitions and their descriptions; 1.6 Mixtures of ideal gases; 1.6.1 Mass composition; 1.6.2 Molar composition; 1.6.3 Volumetric composition; 1.6.4 Ideal gas mixtures and general equation of gas state; 1.7 Gas mixtures and their calculation; 1.7.1 Density of an ideal gas mixture; 1.7.2 Molar mass of gas mixture 1.7.3 Gas constant of an ideal gas mixture1.7.4 Relation between mass proportions and volume percentage; 1.7.5 Gas laws and their special application in vacuum technology; 1.8 Discharge of gases and vapors; 1.8.1 General state equation of gas; 1.8.2 Real gas factor Z; 1.8.3 General gas constant; 1.8.4 The special gas constant depending on the type of gas; 1.8.5 Thermal state equation for ideal gases; 1.8.6 Suction of dry gases and saturated air-water vapor mixture by liquid ring vacuum pumps; 1.8.7 Gases in mixtures with overheated vapors; 1.8.8 Condensation and cavitation 1.9 Change of gas state during the compression process1.9.1 The isothermal compression; 1.9.2 The adiabatic compression; 1.9.3 Adiabatic exponent κ; 1.9.4 Especially distinguished changes of state; 1.10 Names and definitions in vacuum technology; 2 Machines for Vacuum Generation; 2.1 Overview of vacuum pumps; 2.2 Description of vacuum pumps and their functioning; 2.2.1 Gas transfer vacuum pumps; 2.2.2 Gas binding vacuum pumps; 2.3 Operating fields of pumps acc. to suction pressure; 2.4 Suction pressure and suction capacity of different pump designs 2.5 Usual designs and combinations of vacuum pumps
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910143962803321

Autore	Espe, Werner
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Oxford : Pergamon, 1966-
Descrizione fisica	v. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Soggetto topico	Metals Vacuum technology
Classificazione	53.0.634 621.55 TJ940
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNISALENTO-991001069739707536

Autore	Spurgeon William A
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD : , : Army Research Laboratory, , [2005]
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (vi, 30 pages) : color illustrations
Collana	ARL-TR
Soggetto topico	Polymeric composites - Technological innovations Vacuum technology Molding materials
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910697026203321

Autore	Lieberman Norman P
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Salem, Mass., : Scrivener Pub.
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (282 p.)
Disciplina	621.5/50288 621.55 621.550288
Soggetto topico	Vacuum technology
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-118-57096-0 1-299-18654-8 1-118-57120-7 1-118-57092-8
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Introduction; Definition of Terms; Other Books by Author; 1 How Jets Work; 1.1 The Converging-Diverging Ejector; 1.2 Interaction of Steam Nozzle with Converging-Diverging Diffuser; 1.3 Compression Ratio; 1.4 Converging-Diverging Ejector; 1.5 Velocity Boost; 1.6 Surging; 1.7 Critical Discharge Pressure; 1.8 Observing the Conversion of Heat to Velocity; 1.9 Jet Discharge Pressure; 1.10 Reducing Primary-Jet Discharge Pressure; 1.11 Bypassing First Stage Ejectors; 2 Making Field Measurements; 2.1 Getting Started 2.2 How to Unscrew Steel Plugs2.3 Effect of Barometric Pressure on Indicated Vacuum; 2.4 Use of Piccolo; 2.5 Measuring Deep Vacuums using an Hg Manometer; 2.6 Measurement of a Deep Vacuum without Mercury; 2.7 Measuring Condensibles in Feed to First Stage Ejector; 2.8 Identifying Loss of Sonic Boost by Sound; 2.9 Identifying Air Leaks; 2.10 Air Leaks in Flanges; 2.11 Vacuum Measurement Units; 3 Tabulation of Vacuum System Malfunctions; 3.1 Tidal Flop in Delaware; 3.2 Critical Discharge Pressure; 3.3 Fouling in Final Condenser; 3.4 Reduction in Back Pressure; 3.5 Loss of LVGO Pan Level 3.6 Variations in Cooling Water Temperature3.7 Multi-Component Malfunctions; 3.8 Partial Tabulation of Vacuum System Malfunctions; 4 Effect of Water Partial Pressure on Jet Efficiency; 4.1 Vapor Pressure of Water Limits Vacuum; 4.2 Reminder about Water Partial Pressure; 4.3 Air Leaks in Steam Turbine Surface Condensers; 4.4 Variable Cooling Water Temperature; 4.5 Loss of Sonic Boost; 4.6 Relative Jet Efficiency; 4.7 Definition of ""Vacuum Breaking""; 4.8 Critical Discharge Pressure Exceeded; 5 Air Leaks; 5.1 Upper Explosive Limits; 5.2 How to Find Air Leaks; 5.3 Diffuser Air Leaks 5.4 Air Leaks on Vacuum Towers5.5 Air Leaks in Heater Transfer Lines; 5.6 Air Leaks - Turbine Mechanical Seal; 6 Sources and Disposal of Hydrocarbon Off-Gas; 6.1 Evolution of Cracked Gas; 6.2 Sources of Cracked Gas; 6.3 Cracked Gas Evolution from Boot; 6.4 Air Equivalent; 6.5 Overloading Vacuum Jets; 6.6 Excess Cracked Gas Flow; 6.7 Field Checking Gas Flow Meter in Vacuum Service; 6.8 Surging 3rd Stage Jet Bogs Down Primary Jet; 6.9 Exchanger Leaks Overloads Jets; 6.10 Poor Vacuum Tower Feed Stripping; 6.11 Level Connection Purges and Pump Mechanical Seal Gas 6.12 Effect of Heater Outlet Temperature6.13 Extracting H2S from Vacuum Tower Off-Gas Upstream of Ejectors; 6.14 Disposal of Seal Drum Off-Gas; 6.15 Fouling of Waste Gas Burner; 7 Motive Steam Conditions; 7.1 Effect of Wet Steam; 7.2 Water in Motive Steam; 7.3 The Tale of Weak Steam; 7.4 Internal Freezing of Steam Nozzle; 7.5 High Pressure, Superheated Motive Steam; 7.6 Effect of Moisture Content of Saturated Steam on Temperature; 7.7 Steam Pressure Affects Vacuum; 7.8 Effect of Superheated Steam; 8 Mechanical Defects of Ejectors; 8.1 Steam Nozzle Testing; 8.2 Other Mechanical Defects of Jets 8.3 Fouled Steam Nozzles
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910141500403321

Autore	O'Hanlon John F. <1937->
Edizione	[3rd ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley-Interscience, c2003
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (536 p.)
Disciplina	621.55
Soggetto topico	Vacuum technology
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-25318-5 9786610253180 0-470-34294-3 0-471-46715-4 0-471-46716-2
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	A User's Guide to Vacuum Technology; Contents; ITS BASIS; 1. Vacuum Technology; 1.1 Units of Measurement; References; 2. Gas Properties; 2.1 Kinetic Picture of a Gas; 2.1.1 Velocity Distribution; 2.1.2 Energy Distribution; 2.1.3 Mean Free Path; 2.1.4 Particle Flux; 2.1.5 Monolayer Formation Time; 2.1.6 Pressure; 2.2 Gas Laws; 2.2.1 Boyle's Law; 2.2.2 Amonton's Law; 2.2.3 Charles' Law; 2.2.4 Dalton's Law; 2.2.5 Avogadro's Law; 2.2.6 Graham's Law; 2.3 Elementary Gas Transport Phenomena; 2.3.1 Viscosity; 2.3.2 Thermal Conductivity; 2.3.3 Diffusion; 2.3.4 Thermal Transpiration; References Problems3. Gas Flow; 3.1 Flow Regimes; 3.2 Throughput, Mass Flow, and Conductance; 3.3 Continuum Flow; 3.3.1 Orifices; 3.3.2 Long Round Tubes; 3.3.3 Short Round Tubes; 3.4 Molecular Flow; 3.4.1 Orifices; 3.4.2 Long Round Tubes; 3.4.3 Short Round Tubes; 3.4.4 Other Short Structure Solutions; Analytical Solutions; Monte Carlo Technique; 3.4.5 Combining Molecular Conductances; Parallel Conductances; Series Conductances; Exit and Entrance Effects; Series Calculations; 3.5 The Transition Region; 3.6 Models Spanning Several Pressure Regions; 3.7 Summary of Flow Regimes; References; Problems 4. Gas Release from Solids4.1 Vaporization; 4.2 Diffusion; 4.2.1 Reduction of Outdiffusion by Vacuum Baking; 4.3 Thermal Desorption; 4.3.1 Desorption Without Readsorption; Zero-Order Desorption; First-Order Desorption; Second-Order Desorption; 4.3.2 Desorption from Real Surfaces; Outgassing Measurements; Outgassing Models; Reduction of Outgassing by Baking; 4.4 Stimulated Desorption; 4.4.1 Electron-Stimulated Desorption; 4.4.2 Ion-Stimulated Desorption; 4.4.3 Stimulated Chemical Reactions; 4.4.4 Photodesorption; 4.5 Permeation; 4.5.1 Molecular Permeation; 4.5.2 Dissociative Permeation 4.5.3 Permeation and Outgassing Units4.6 Pressure Limits; References; Problems; MEASUREMENT; 5. Pressure Gauges; 5.1 Direct-Reading Gauges; 5.1.1 Diaphragm and Bourdon Gauges; 5.1.2 Capacitance Manometers; 5.2 Indirect-Reading Gauges; 5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity Gauges; Pirani Gauge; Thermocouple Gauge; Stability and Calibration; 5.2.2 Spinning Rotor Gauge; 5.2.3 Ionization Gauges; Hot Cathode Gauges; Hot Cathode Gauge Errors; Cold Cathode Gauge; Gauge Calibration; References; Problems; 6. Flow Meters; 6.1 Molar Flow, Mass Flow, and Throughput; 6.2 Rotameters and Chokes 6.3 Differential Pressure Techniques6.4 Thermal Mass Flow Meter Technique; 6.4.1 Mass Flow Meter; 6.4.2 Mass Flow Controller; 6.4.3 Mass Flow Meter Calibration; References; Problems; 7. Pumping Speed; 7.1 Pumping Speed; 7.2 Mechanical Pumps; 7.3 High Vacuum Pumps; 7.3.1 Measurement Techniques; Pump Dependence; Measurement of Water Vapor Pumping Speed; Pumping Speed at the Chamber; 7.3.2 Measurement Error; References; Problems; 8. Residual Gas Analyzers; 8.1 Instrument Description; 8.1.1 Ion Sources; Open Ion Sources; Closed Ion Sources; 8.1.2 Mass Filters; Magnetic Sector; RF Quadrupole Resolving Power
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910146077203321