Autore	Daly Leslie E
Edizione	[5th ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Oxford ; ; Malden, Mass., : Blackwell Science, 2000
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (586 p.)
Disciplina	519.502461 610.21
Altri autori (Persone)	BourkeGeoffrey J (Geoffrey Joseph) BourkeGeoffrey J (Geoffrey Joseph)
Soggetto topico	Medical statistics Medicine - Research - Methodology
ISBN	0-470-69525-0 1-282-34171-5 9786612341717 0-470-69675-3
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Interpretation and Uses of Medical Statistics; Contents; Preface; Structure of the Book; 1 Describing Data -A Single Variable; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Types of data; 1.3 Qualitative data -simple tables and bar charts; 1.4 Picturing quantitative data; 1.5 Shapes of distributions; 1.6 Measures of central value; 1.7 Other measures of location -quantiles; 1.8 Measures of dispersion; 1.9 Summary; 2 Probability, Populations and Samples; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Probability; 2.3 Populations and samples; 2.4 Sample surveys; 2.5 Summary; 3 Associations: Chance, Confounded or Causal?; 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Examining associations3.3 Interpreting associations; 3.4 Associations due to chance; 3.5 Associations due to bias or confounding; 3.6 Causal associations; 3.7 Summary; 4 Confidence Intervals: General Principles; Proportions, Means, Medians, Counts and Rates; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The normal distribution; 4.3 Sampling variation - proportions; 4.4 Confidence intervals for a proportion; 4.5 Sampling variation - means; 4.6 Confidence intervals for a mean; 4.7 Confidence intervals for a geometric mean [!]; 4.8 Confidence intervals for a median [!] 4.9 Confidence intervals for a count or rate [!]4.10 Summary; 5 Hypothesis Testing: General Principles and One-sample Tests for Means, Proportions, Counts and Rates; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The null and alternative hypotheses; 5.3 The significance test; 5.4 Relationship with confidence intervals; 5.5 One-sided and two-sided tests; 5.6 General structure of a significance test: the one sample z test for a mean; 5.7 Non-significant results and power: type I errors, type II errors and sample size; 5.8 The one-sample t test for a mean; 5.9 The one-sample z test for a proportion 5.10 The one-sample x2 test for many proportions [!]5.11 The one-sample z test for counts or rates; 5.12 Small sample sizes and the validity of assumptions [!]; 5.13 Summary; 6 Epidemiological and Clinical Research Methods; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Observational and experimental studies; 6.3 The cross-sectional study or survey; 6.4 The cohort study; 6.5 Measures of association in cohort studies; 6.6 Risk with variable-time follow-up [!]; 6.7 The case-control study; 6.8 Measures of association in case-control studies - the odds ratio; 6.9 The analysis of cohort and case-control studies [!] 6.10 Comparisons of cohort and case-control studies6.11 The randomized controlled trial; 6.12 Applicability versus validity of trial results; 6.13 Alternative trial designs; 6.14 Ethical considerations for trials; 6.15 Summary; 7 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests: Two-group Comparisons; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Independent and paired comparisons; 7.3 Parametric and non-parametric significance tests; 7.4 Comparison of two independent means; 7.5 Inferring significance from confidence intervals; 7.6 Comparison of two independent geometric means [!]; 7.7 Comparison of two independent medians 7.8 Comparison of paired means
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910830688603321

Autore	Maiväli Ülo
Pubbl/distr/stampa	London, England ; ; San Diego, California : , : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, , 2015
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (416 p.)
Disciplina	610.72
Soggetto topico	Medicine - Research - Methodology Medical sciences - Research
ISBN	0-12-419956-9
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Front Cover; Interpreting Biomedical Science: Experiment, Evidence, and Belief; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Science Made Easy; Did the Greeks Get their Math Right but their Science Wrong?; The Scientific Revolution; Deduction and Induction as Two Approaches to Scientific Inference; References; I. What Is at Stake: The Skeptical Argument; 1 Do We Need a Science of Science?; 1.1 Are We Living in the Golden Age of Science?; 1.2 R&D and the Cost of Medicine; 1.3 The Efficiency of Drug Discovery; 1.4 Factors that Endanger the Quality of Medical Evidence 1.5 The Stability of Evidence-Based Medical Practices1.6 Reproducibility of Basic Biomedical Science; 1.6.1 Genome-Wide Association Studies; 1.6.2 Microarray Studies; 1.6.3 Proteomics; 1.6.4 Small Science; 1.7 Is Reproducibility a Good Criterion of Quality of Research?; 1.8 Is Biomedical Science Self-Correcting?; 1.9 Do We Need a Science of Science?; References; 2 The Basis of Knowledge: Causality and Truth; 2.1 Scientific Realism and Truth; 2.2 Hume's Gambit; 2.3 Kant's Solution; 2.4 Why Induction Is Poor Deduction; 2.5 Popper's Solution; 2.6 Why Deduction Is Poor Induction 2.7 Does Lung Cancer Cause Smoking?2.8 Correlation, Concordance, and Regression; 2.8.1 Correlation; 2.8.2 Concordance; 2.8.3 Regression; 2.9 From Correlation to Causation; 2.10 From Experiment to Causation; 2.11 Is Causality a Scientific Concept?; References; II. The Method; 3 Study Design; 3.1 Why Do Experiments?; 3.2 Population and Sample; 3.3 Regression to the Mean; 3.4 Why Repeat an Experiment?; 3.5 Technical Versus Biological Replication of Experiments; 3.6 Experimental Controls; 3.6.1 Example 1. Negative Controls; 3.6.2 Example 2. Normalization Controls 3.6.3 Example 3. Controlling the Controls3.7 Multiplicities; 3.8 Conclusion: How to Design an Experiment; References; 4 Data and Evidence; 4.1 Looking at Data; 4.2 Modeling Data; 4.3 What Is Probability?; 4.3.1 Bayesian Probability; 4.3.2 Frequentist Probability; 4.3.3 Propensity Theory of Probability; 4.4 Assumptions Behind Frequentist Statistical Tests; 4.5 The Null Hypothesis; 4.6 The P value; 4.6.1 What the P Value Is Not; 4.7 Neyman-Pearson Hypothesis Testing; 4.8 Multiple Testing in the Context of NPHT; 4.9 P Value as a Measure of Evidence; 4.10 The "Error Bars" 4.11 Likelihood as an Unbiased Measure of Evidence4.12 Conclusion: Ideologies Behind Some Methods of Statistical Inference; References; 5 Truth and Belief; 5.1 From Long-Run Error Probabilities to Degrees of Belief; 5.2 Bayes Theorem: What Makes a Rational Being?; 5.3 Testing in the Infinite Hypothesis Space: Bayesian Parameter Estimation; 5.4 All Against All: Bayesianism Versus Frequentism Versus Likelihoodism; 5.5 Bayesianism as a Philosophy; 5.6 Bayesianism and the Progress of Science; 5.7 Conclusion to Part II; References; III. The Big Picture; 6 Interpretation 6.1 Hypothesis Testing at Small Samples
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910797243303321

Autore	Hagger-Johnson, Gareth
Pubbl/distr/stampa	London ; New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014
Descrizione fisica	xviii, 309 p. : ill. ; 26 cm
Disciplina	610.72/4
Soggetto topico	Biomedical Research - Methods Data Interpretation, Statistical Research Design Medicine - Research - Methodology
ISBN	9780273763840 (pbk.)
Classificazione	LC R850 617.7
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNISALENTO-991002814979707536

Pubbl/distr/stampa	Malden, Mass. ; ; Oxford, : Blackwell, 2004
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (458 p.)
Disciplina	610.69/6
Altri autori (Persone)	HurwitzBrian SkultansVieda GreenhalghTrisha
Soggetto topico	Physician and patient Narration (Rhetoric) Discourse analysis, Narrative Medicine - Research - Methodology
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-19741-2 9786610197415 0-470-79105-5 0-470-75516-4 1-4051-4619-2
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Narrative Research in Health and Illness; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Section 1: Narratives; 1. The ethicality of narrative medicine; 2. Soldiers become casualties: doctors' accounts of the SARS epidemic; 3. Poems from the heart: living with heart failure; 4. Performance narratives in the clinical world; 5. "I cut because it helps": narratives of self-injury in teenage girls; 6. The DIPEx project: collecting personal experiences of illness and health care; 7. Narratives of spirituality and religion in end-of-life care; 8. The death of the narrator 9. Narrative, emotion, and understanding10. The voice of experience and the voice of the expert - can they speak to each other?; Section 2: Counter-narratives; 11. Wounded or warrior? Stories of being or becoming deaf; 12. Narrative analysis and contested allegations of Munchausen syndrome by proxy; 13. Confounding the experts: the vindication of parental testimony in shaken baby syndrome; 14. Narratives of compound loss: parents' stories from the organ retention scandal; 15. The power of stories over statistics: lessons from neonatal jaundice and infant airplane safety Section 3: Meta-narratives16. Narratives of health inequality: interpreting the determinants of health; 17. Narratives of displacement and identity; 18. A thrice-told tale: new readings of an old story; 19. The role of stories and storytelling in organisational change efforts: a field study of an emerging "community of practice" within the UK National Health Service; 20. Meta-narrative mapping: a new approach to the systematic review of complex evidence; 21. How narratives work in psychiatric science: an example from the biological psychiatry of PTSD 22. Storying policy: constructions of risk in proposals to reform UK mental health legislation23. The temporal construction of medical narratives; Index
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910143266703321

Autore	Byrne Daniel W.
Edizione	[Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Philadelphia, [Pennsylvania] : , : Wolters Kluwer, , 2017
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (401 pages) : illustrations, tables
Disciplina	808.06661
Soggetto topico	Medical writing Medicine - Research - Methodology Medical Writing Publishing Biomedical Research
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-4963-5387-0
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910480149503321