Enzyme engineering : selective catalysts for applications in biotechnology, organic chemistry, and life science / / Manfred T. Reetz, Zhoutong Sun, Ge Qu |
Autore | Reetz Manfred T. |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, Germany : , : Wiley-VCH GmbH, , [2023] |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (402 pages) |
Disciplina | 929.374 |
Soggetto topico | Enzymes - Biotechnology |
ISBN | 3-527-83687-X |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Directed Evolution and Rational Design as Protein Engineering Techniques -- 1.1 Methods and Aims of Directed Enzyme Evolution -- 1.2 History of Directed Enzyme Evolution -- 1.3 Methods and Aims of Rational Design of Enzymes -- References -- Chapter 2 Screening and Selection Techniques -- 2.1 Introductory Remarks -- 2.2 Screening Methods -- 2.3 Selection Methods -- 2.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 Gene Mutagenesis Methods in Directed Evolution and Rational Enzyme Design -- 3.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2 Directed Evolution Approaches -- 3.2.1 Mutator Strains -- 3.2.2 Error‐Prone Polymerase Chain Reaction (epPCR) -- 3.2.3 Whole Gene Insertion/Deletion Mutagenesis -- 3.2.4 Saturation Mutagenesis as a Privileged Method: Away from Blind Directed Evolution -- 3.2.5 DNA Shuffling and Related Recombinant Gene Mutagenesis Methods -- 3.2.6 Circular Mutation and Other Domain Swapping Techniques -- 3.2.7 Solid‐Phase Combinatorial Gene Synthesis as a PCR‐Independent Mutagenesis Method for Mutant Library Creation -- 3.2.7.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2.7.2 The Sloning Approach to Solid‐Phase Gene Synthesis of a Mutant Library: Comparison with the Respective Molecular Biological Saturation Mutagenesis Library -- 3.2.7.3 The Twist Approach to Solid‐Phase Gene Synthesis of a Mutant Library: Comparison with Molecular Biological Saturation Mutagenesis Library -- 3.2.8 Computational Tools and the Role of Machine Learning (ML) in Directed Evolution and Rational Enzyme Design -- 3.2.8.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2.8.2 Designing Mutant Libraries and Estimating Library Completeness -- 3.3 Diverse Approaches to Rational Enzyme Design -- 3.3.1 Introductory Remarks.
3.4 Merging Semi‐rational Directed Evolution and Rational Enzyme Design by Focused Rational Iterative Site‐Specific Mutagenesis (FRISM) -- 3.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4 Guidelines for Applying Gene Mutagenesis Methods in Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Biotechnology -- 4.1 Some General Tips -- 4.1.1 Rational Design -- 4.1.2 Directed Evolution -- 4.2 Rare Cases of Comparative Directed Evolution Studies -- 4.2.1 Converting a Galactosidase into a Fucosidase -- 4.2.2 Enhancing and Inverting the Enantioselectivity of the Lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAL) -- 4.3 Choosing the Best Strategy When Applying Saturation Mutagenesis -- 4.3.1 General Guidelines -- 4.3.2 Choosing Optimal Pathways in Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM) and Escaping from Local Minima in Fitness Landscapes -- 4.3.3 Systematization of Saturation Mutagenesis with Further Practical Tips -- 4.3.4 Single Code Saturation Mutagenesis (SCSM): Use of a Single Amino Acid as Building Block -- 4.3.5 Triple Code Saturation Mutagenesis (TCSM): A Viable Compromise When Choosing Optimal Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets in CAST/ISM -- 4.4 Techno‐economical Analysis of Saturation Mutagenesis Strategies -- 4.5 Generating Mutant Libraries by Combinatorial Solid‐Phase Gene Synthesis: The Future of Directed Evolution? -- 4.6 Fusing Directed Evolution and Rational Design: New Examples of Focused Rational Iterative Site‐Specific Mutagenesis (FRISM) -- References -- Chapter 5 Tables of Selected Examples of Directed Evolution and Rational Design of Enzymes with Emphasis on Stereo‐ and Regio‐selectivity, Substrate Scope and/or Activity -- 5.1 Introductory Explanations -- References -- Chapter 6 Protein Engineering of Enzyme Robustness Relevant to Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications in Biotechnology -- 6.1 Introductory Remarks. 6.2 Rational Design of Enzyme Thermostability and Resistance to Hostile Organic Solvents -- 6.3 Ancestral and Consensus Approaches and Their Structure‐Guided Extensions -- 6.4 Further Computationally Guided Methods for Protein Thermostabilization -- 6.4.1 SCHEMA Approach -- 6.4.2 FRESCO Approach -- 6.4.3 FireProt Approach -- 6.4.4 Constrained Network Analysis (CNA) Approach -- 6.4.5 Alternative Approaches -- 6.5 Directed Evolution of Enzyme Thermostability and Resistance to Hostile Organic Solvents -- 6.6 Application of epPCR and DNA Shuffling -- 6.7 Saturation Mutagenesis in the B‐FIT Approach -- 6.8 Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM) at Protein-Protein Interfacial Sites for Multimeric Enzymes -- 6.9 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Artificial Enzymes as Promiscuous Catalysts in Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry -- 7.1 Introductory Background Information -- 7.2 Applying Protein Engineering for Tuning the Catalytic Profile of Promiscuous Enzymes -- 7.3 Applying Protein Engineering to P450 Monooxygenases for Manipulating Activity and Stereoselectivity of Promiscuous Transformations -- 7.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8 Learning Lessons from Protein Engineering -- 8.1 Introductory Remarks -- 8.2 Additive Versus Nonadditive Mutational Effects in Fitness Landscapes Revealed by Partial or Complete Deconvolution -- 8.3 Unexplored Chiral Fleeting Intermediates and Their Role in Protein Engineering -- 8.4 Case Studies Featuring Mechanistic, Structural, and/or Computational Analyses of the Source of Evolved Stereo‐ and/or Regioselectivity -- 8.4.1 Esterase -- 8.4.2 Epoxide Hydrolase -- 8.4.3 Ene‐reductase of the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) -- 8.4.4 Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase -- 8.4.5 Analysis of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase with Consideration of Fleeting Chiral Intermediates. 8.5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Theoretical Work -- References -- Chapter 9 Perspectives for Future Work -- 9.1 Introductory Remarks -- 9.2 Extending Applications in Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry -- 9.3 Extending Applications in Biotechnology -- 9.4 Patent Issues -- 9.5 Final Comments -- References -- INDEX -- EULA. |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910686500703321 |
Reetz Manfred T. | ||
Weinheim, Germany : , : Wiley-VCH GmbH, , [2023] | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzyme technologies [[electronic resource] ] : metagenomics, evolution, biocatalysis, and biosynthesis / / edited by Wu-Kuang Yeh, Hsiu-Chiung Yang, James R. McCarthy |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (390 p.) |
Disciplina | 660.6/34 |
Altri autori (Persone) |
YehWu-Kuang <1942->
YangHsiu-Chiung McCarthyJames R. <1943-> |
Collana | Chemical biology of enzymes for biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications |
Soggetto topico |
Enzymes - Biotechnology
Pharmaceutical biotechnology |
ISBN |
1-283-30028-1
9786613300287 0-470-62729-8 0-470-62730-1 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
ENZYME TECHNOLOGIES; CONTENTS; Contributors; Preface; PART A NEW APPROACHES TO FINDING AND MODIFYING ENZYMES; 1 Functional Metagenomics as a Technique for the Discovery of Novel Enzymes and Natural Products; 2 Directed Enzyme and Pathway Evolution; 3 Combining Natural Biodiversity and Molecular-Directed Evolution to Develop New Industrial Biocatalysts and Drugs; 4 Principles of Enzyme Optimization for the Rapid Creation of Industrial Biocatalysts; PART B BIOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS; 5 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
6 Enzymatic Processes for the Production of Pharmaceutical Intermediates7 Novel Developments Employing Redox Enzymes: Old Enzymes in New Clothes; PART C BIOSYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS; 8 Drug Discovery and Development by Combinatorial Biosynthesis; 9 Reprogramming Daptomycin and A54145 Biosynthesis to Produce Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotics; 10 Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification; Index |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910132377603321 |
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzyme technologies [[electronic resource] ] : metagenomics, evolution, biocatalysis, and biosynthesis / / edited by Wu-Kuang Yeh, Hsiu-Chiung Yang, James R. McCarthy |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (390 p.) |
Disciplina | 660.6/34 |
Altri autori (Persone) |
YehWu-Kuang <1942->
YangHsiu-Chiung McCarthyJames R. <1943-> |
Collana | Chemical biology of enzymes for biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications |
Soggetto topico |
Enzymes - Biotechnology
Pharmaceutical biotechnology |
ISBN |
1-283-30028-1
9786613300287 0-470-62729-8 0-470-62730-1 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
ENZYME TECHNOLOGIES; CONTENTS; Contributors; Preface; PART A NEW APPROACHES TO FINDING AND MODIFYING ENZYMES; 1 Functional Metagenomics as a Technique for the Discovery of Novel Enzymes and Natural Products; 2 Directed Enzyme and Pathway Evolution; 3 Combining Natural Biodiversity and Molecular-Directed Evolution to Develop New Industrial Biocatalysts and Drugs; 4 Principles of Enzyme Optimization for the Rapid Creation of Industrial Biocatalysts; PART B BIOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS; 5 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
6 Enzymatic Processes for the Production of Pharmaceutical Intermediates7 Novel Developments Employing Redox Enzymes: Old Enzymes in New Clothes; PART C BIOSYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS; 8 Drug Discovery and Development by Combinatorial Biosynthesis; 9 Reprogramming Daptomycin and A54145 Biosynthesis to Produce Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotics; 10 Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification; Index |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910823246203321 |
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2010 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzyme-based organic synthesis / / Cheanyeh Cheng |
Autore | Cheng Cheanyeh |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022] |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (545 pages) |
Disciplina | 660.2995 |
Soggetto topico |
Biocatalysis
Enzymes - Biotechnology Enzymes - Synthesis |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-118-99515-5
1-118-99514-7 1-118-99516-3 9781118995150 9781118995143 9781118027943 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910554826103321 |
Cheng Cheanyeh | ||
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022] | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzyme-based organic synthesis / / Cheanyeh Cheng |
Autore | Cheng Cheanyeh |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022] |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (545 pages) |
Disciplina | 660.2995 |
Soggetto topico |
Biocatalysis
Enzymes - Biotechnology Enzymes - Synthesis |
ISBN |
1-118-99515-5
1-118-99514-7 1-118-99516-3 9781118995150 9781118995143 9781118027943 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910831197703321 |
Cheng Cheanyeh | ||
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022] | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzymes and Their Biotechnological Applications / / edited by Pabulo H. Rampelotto |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Basel : , : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, , 2015 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (466 pages) : illustrations |
Disciplina | 660.6 |
Soggetto topico | Enzymes - Biotechnology |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910688211703321 |
Basel : , : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, , 2015 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzymes for solving humankind's problems : natural and artificial systems in health, agriculture, environment and energy / / JoseÌ J. G. Moura, Isabel Moura, and Luisa B. Maia (editors) |
Edizione | [1st ed. 2021.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (X, 506 p. 141 illus., 114 illus. in color.) |
Disciplina | 660.6 |
Soggetto topico |
Sustainable development
Biocatalysis Enzymes - Biotechnology |
ISBN | 3-030-58315-5 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | A general overview of the subject -- State-of-art of the utilization of natural and artificial systems in general problems that affect the human life and society -- Hydrogen production (natural systems) -- Hydrogen production (artificial systems) -- Carbon footprint (carbon dioxide economy) -- Carbon dioxide utilisation - general overview -- Carbon dioxide utilisation - bioelectrochemical approaches -- Methane production -- Methane oxidation -- Biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds -- Biocatalysis for the production of added-value compounds -- Nitrogen footprint -- Nitrogen fixation and agriculture -- Reversing nitrogen fixation -- Nitrous oxide emission under control -- Oxygen splitting and photosynthesis -- Enzymatic Biofuel Cells -- Energy from bacteria -- Interspecies Electron Transfer -- Biocatalysis and pharmaceuticals -- Proteins, peptides and enzymes in our lives. |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910485053103321 |
Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021] | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzymes in food biotechnology : production, applications, and future prospects / / edited by Mohammed Kuddus |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, United Kingdom : , : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, , [2019] |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (912 pages) |
Disciplina | 660.634 |
Soggetto topico |
Enzymes - Biotechnology
Food - Biotechnology |
ISBN |
0-12-813280-9
0-12-813281-7 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto | 1. Introduction to food enzymes 2. Microbial enzyme in food biotechnology 3. Enzymes in the beverage industry 4. Enzymes in fruit juice processing 5. Application of microbial enzymes in the dairy industry 6. Wine enzymes : potential and practices 7. Enzymes in the animal feed industry 8. Enzymes in the meat industry 9. Enzymes for use in functional foods 10. Enzymes as additives in starch processing : A short overview 11. Lysozyme : a natural antimicrobial enzyme of interest in food applications 12. Ligninolytic enzymes: an introduction and applications in the food industry 13. Hydrolases of halophilic origin with importance for the food industry 14. Fungal proteases and production of bioactive peptides for the food industry 15. Application of proteases for the production of bioactive peptides 16. Development of functional food from enzyme technology: a review 17. Current development and future perspectives of microbial enzymes in the dairy industry 18. Enzymes for fructooligosaccharides production: achievements and opportunities 19. Anti-biofilm enzymes as emerging technology in food quality and safety 20. Enzyme and bioactive peptides -- a strategy for discovery and identification of anti-hypertensive peptides 21. Transglutaminase-crosslinked edible films and coatings for food applications 22. Application of a novel endo-ss-N-acetylglucosaminidase to isolate an entirely new class of bioactive compounds; N-glycans 23. Enzymatic production of steviol glucosides by using ss-glycosidase and their applications 24. Enzymatic processing of juice from fruits/vegetables: An emerging trend and cutting edge research in food biotechnology 25. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts: an enzymatic unexplored world to be exploited 26. Fructosyltransferases and invertases: Useful enzymes in food and feed industries 27. Nutritional and nutraceutical improvement by enzymatic modification of food proteins 28. Plant-derived enzymes: A treasure for food biotechnology 29. Exploiting microbial enzymes for augmenting. |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910583360603321 |
London, United Kingdom : , : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, , [2019] | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzymes in industry : production and applications / / edited by Wolfgang Aehle |
Edizione | [Third, completely revised edition.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, [Germany] : , : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, , 2007 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (518 p.) |
Disciplina |
660.6/34
660.634 |
Soggetto topico |
Enzymes - Biotechnology
Enzymes - Industrial applications |
Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
ISBN |
1-281-31178-2
9786611311780 3-527-61709-4 3-527-61710-8 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
Enzymes in Industry; Contents; Preface to the Third Edition; List of Contributors; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 History; 1.2 Enzyme Nomenclature; 1.2.1 General Principles of Nomenclature; 1.2.2 Classification and Numbering of Enzymes; 1.3 Structure of Enzymes; 1.3.1 Primary Structure; 1.3.2 Three-Dimensional Structure; 1.3.3 Quaternary Structure, Folding, and Domains; 1.3.4 The Ribozyme; 1.4 Enzymes and Molecular Biology; 1.4.1 Biosynthesis of Enzymes; 1.4.2 Enzymes and DNA; 2 Catalytic Activity of Enzymes [57, 58, 60]; 2.1 Factors Governing Catalytic Activity [63]; 2.1.1 Temperature
2.1.2 Value of pH2.1.3 Activation; 2.1.4 Inhibition [65]; 2.1.5 Allostery [66]; 2.1.6 Biogenic Regulation of Activity; 2.2 Enzyme Assays; 2.2.1 Reaction Rate as a Measure of Catalytic Activity; 2.2.2 Definition of Units; 2.2.3 Absorption Photometry [71]; 2.2.4 Fluorometry [78]; 2.2.5 Luminometry [80]; 2.2.6 Radiometry; 2.2.7 Potentiometry [81]; 2.2.8 Conductometry; 2.2.9 Calorimetry; 2.2.10 Polarimetry; 2.2.11 Manometry; 2.2.12 Viscosimetry; 2.2.13 Turbidimetry; 2.2.14 Immobilized Enzymes [91]; 2.2.15 Electrophoresis; 2.3 Quality Evaluation of Enzyme Preparations; 2.3.1 Quality Criteria 2.3.2 Specific Activity2.3.3 Protein Determination; 2.3.4 Contaminating Activities; 2.3.5 Electrophoretic Purity; 2.3.6 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography [111]; 2.3.7 Performance Test; 2.3.8 Amino Acid Analysis and Protein Sequence Analysis; 2.3.9 Stability [93]; 2.3.10 Formulation of Enzyme Preparations; 3 General Production Methods; 3.1 Microbial Production; 3.1.1 Organism and Enzyme Synthesis; 3.1.2 Strain Improvement; 3.1.3 Physiological Optimization; 3.1.4 The Fermentor and its Limitations; 3.1.5 Process Design; 3.1.6 Modeling and Optimization; 3.1.7 Instrumentation and Control 3.2 Isolation and Purification [172-187]3.2.1 Preparation of Biological Starting Materials; 3.2.1.1 Cell Disruption by Mechanical Methods; 3.2.1.2 Cell Disruption by Nonmechanical Methods; 3.2.2. Separation of Solid Matter; 3.2.2.1 Filtration; 3.2.2.2 Centrifugation; 3.2.2.3 Extraction; 3.2.2.4 Flocculation and Flotation; 3.2.3 Concentration; 3.2.3.1 Thermal Methods; 3.2.3.2 Precipitation; 3.2.3.3 Ultrafiltration; 3.2.4 Purification; 3.2.4.1 Crystallization; 3.2.4.2 Electrophoresis; 3.2.4.3 Chromatography; 3.2.5 Product Formulation; 3.2.6 Waste Disposal; 3.3 Immobilization; 3.3.1 Definitions 3.3.2 History3.3.3 Methods; 3.3.3.1 Carrier Binding; 3.3.3.2 Cross-linking; 3.3.3.3 Entrapment; 3.3.4 Characterization; 3.3.5 Application; 4 Discovery and Development of Enzymes; 4.1 Enzyme Screening; 4.1.1 Overview; 4.1.2 Natural Isolate Screening; 4.1.3 Molecular Screening; 4.1.4 Environmental Gene Screening; 4.1.5 Genomic Screening; 4.1.6 Proteomic Screening; 4.2 Protein Engineering; 4.2.1 Introduction; 4.2.2 Application of Protein Engineering in Academia and Industry; 4.2.3 Outlook; 5 Industrial Enzymes; 5.1 Enzymes in Food Applications; 5.1.1 Enzymes in Baking; 5.1.1.1 Introduction 5.1.1.2 Amylases |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910144278703321 |
Weinheim, [Germany] : , : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, , 2007 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|
Enzymes in industry : production and applications / / edited by Wolfgang Aehle |
Edizione | [Third, completely revised edition.] |
Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, [Germany] : , : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, , 2007 |
Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (518 p.) |
Disciplina |
660.6/34
660.634 |
Soggetto topico |
Enzymes - Biotechnology
Enzymes - Industrial applications |
ISBN |
1-281-31178-2
9786611311780 3-527-61709-4 3-527-61710-8 |
Formato | Materiale a stampa |
Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
Nota di contenuto |
Enzymes in Industry; Contents; Preface to the Third Edition; List of Contributors; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 History; 1.2 Enzyme Nomenclature; 1.2.1 General Principles of Nomenclature; 1.2.2 Classification and Numbering of Enzymes; 1.3 Structure of Enzymes; 1.3.1 Primary Structure; 1.3.2 Three-Dimensional Structure; 1.3.3 Quaternary Structure, Folding, and Domains; 1.3.4 The Ribozyme; 1.4 Enzymes and Molecular Biology; 1.4.1 Biosynthesis of Enzymes; 1.4.2 Enzymes and DNA; 2 Catalytic Activity of Enzymes [57, 58, 60]; 2.1 Factors Governing Catalytic Activity [63]; 2.1.1 Temperature
2.1.2 Value of pH2.1.3 Activation; 2.1.4 Inhibition [65]; 2.1.5 Allostery [66]; 2.1.6 Biogenic Regulation of Activity; 2.2 Enzyme Assays; 2.2.1 Reaction Rate as a Measure of Catalytic Activity; 2.2.2 Definition of Units; 2.2.3 Absorption Photometry [71]; 2.2.4 Fluorometry [78]; 2.2.5 Luminometry [80]; 2.2.6 Radiometry; 2.2.7 Potentiometry [81]; 2.2.8 Conductometry; 2.2.9 Calorimetry; 2.2.10 Polarimetry; 2.2.11 Manometry; 2.2.12 Viscosimetry; 2.2.13 Turbidimetry; 2.2.14 Immobilized Enzymes [91]; 2.2.15 Electrophoresis; 2.3 Quality Evaluation of Enzyme Preparations; 2.3.1 Quality Criteria 2.3.2 Specific Activity2.3.3 Protein Determination; 2.3.4 Contaminating Activities; 2.3.5 Electrophoretic Purity; 2.3.6 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography [111]; 2.3.7 Performance Test; 2.3.8 Amino Acid Analysis and Protein Sequence Analysis; 2.3.9 Stability [93]; 2.3.10 Formulation of Enzyme Preparations; 3 General Production Methods; 3.1 Microbial Production; 3.1.1 Organism and Enzyme Synthesis; 3.1.2 Strain Improvement; 3.1.3 Physiological Optimization; 3.1.4 The Fermentor and its Limitations; 3.1.5 Process Design; 3.1.6 Modeling and Optimization; 3.1.7 Instrumentation and Control 3.2 Isolation and Purification [172-187]3.2.1 Preparation of Biological Starting Materials; 3.2.1.1 Cell Disruption by Mechanical Methods; 3.2.1.2 Cell Disruption by Nonmechanical Methods; 3.2.2. Separation of Solid Matter; 3.2.2.1 Filtration; 3.2.2.2 Centrifugation; 3.2.2.3 Extraction; 3.2.2.4 Flocculation and Flotation; 3.2.3 Concentration; 3.2.3.1 Thermal Methods; 3.2.3.2 Precipitation; 3.2.3.3 Ultrafiltration; 3.2.4 Purification; 3.2.4.1 Crystallization; 3.2.4.2 Electrophoresis; 3.2.4.3 Chromatography; 3.2.5 Product Formulation; 3.2.6 Waste Disposal; 3.3 Immobilization; 3.3.1 Definitions 3.3.2 History3.3.3 Methods; 3.3.3.1 Carrier Binding; 3.3.3.2 Cross-linking; 3.3.3.3 Entrapment; 3.3.4 Characterization; 3.3.5 Application; 4 Discovery and Development of Enzymes; 4.1 Enzyme Screening; 4.1.1 Overview; 4.1.2 Natural Isolate Screening; 4.1.3 Molecular Screening; 4.1.4 Environmental Gene Screening; 4.1.5 Genomic Screening; 4.1.6 Proteomic Screening; 4.2 Protein Engineering; 4.2.1 Introduction; 4.2.2 Application of Protein Engineering in Academia and Industry; 4.2.3 Outlook; 5 Industrial Enzymes; 5.1 Enzymes in Food Applications; 5.1.1 Enzymes in Baking; 5.1.1.1 Introduction 5.1.1.2 Amylases |
Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830115203321 |
Weinheim, [Germany] : , : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, , 2007 | ||
Materiale a stampa | ||
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
|