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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Reference -- Section 1 Long-COVID Disease -- Chapter 1 Long-COVID Disease or Long-COVID Syndrome? -- Defining Long COVID -- Long-COVID Disease or Syndrome? -- Long COVID in Hospitalized Patients -- Long COVID in Non-hospitalized Patients -- Comparing Hospitalized and Non-hospitalized Patients -- Long COVID in Children -- Long-term Outcomes -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Lung, Heart Disease, and Other Organ Damage -- Lung Disease -- Persistent Dyspnea, Not Always Correlated with Pulmonary Damage -- The Heart -- Is There Unanticipated Long-term Cardiac Damage? -- Other Organ Disease -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 COVID-19 Direct Effects on the Central Nervous System -- Introduction -- There are Multiple Ways for Infections to Disturb the Nervous System -- Overview -- Loss of Senses of Smell and Taste -- Hypoxic Brain Damage and the Post-ICU Syndrome -- Guillian-Barre Syndrome and Other Neuropathies - Effects of COVID-19 on Peripheral Nerves -- Other Neurological Disorders Due to Acute COVID-19 -- Summary -- References -- Section 2 Long-COVID Syndrome and Unexplained Symptoms -- Chapter 4 Unexplained Symptoms: Medicine's Blind Spot -- Overview -- Fatigue -- Chronic Fatigue in the General Population -- Chronic Fatigue in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Cognitive Disturbances -- Cognitive Disturbances in the General Population -- Cognitive Disturbances in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Dyspnea -- In the General Population -- Unexplained Dyspnea in Long COVID -- Chronic Pain -- Chronic Pain in the General Population -- Chronic Pain in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Headaches -- Headaches in the General Population -- Headaches in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Sleep Disturbances -- Sleep Disturbances in the General Population -- Sleep Disturbances in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Mood Disturbances.
In the General Population -- Mood Disturbances in Long COVID -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Historical Perspectives, Including Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Fibromyalgia -- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) -- Fibromyalgia Syndrome -- CFS/ME, Fibromyalgia in Long-COVID -- Post-treatment Lyme-disease Syndrome (PTLDS) -- Similar Patient Characteristics -- Shared Illness Mechanisms -- Lessons Learned from CFS/ME, Fibromyalgia, PTLDS -- Syndrome, Disease, and Diagnostic Labels -- Infection and Causation -- Patient-Physician Information and Misinformation -- Mind or Body? -- Summary -- References -- Section 3 Mechanisms and Pathways -- Chapter 6 Brain Homeostasis Run Amok -- Brain Homeostasis in Health and Disease -- Our Physical Brain Regulates Our Thoughts -- Brain Circuits and Networks -- Neuroplasticity -- Brain Dysfunction -- Detecting Structural and Functional Brain Changes -- Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Neurohormones, and the Stress Response -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Neuroimmune Dysfunction -- Is Long COVID an Autoimmune Disease? -- Evidence that Long-COVID Syndrome is a Neuroimmune Disorder -- Cytokines and the Brain -- Autoantibodies in Long-COVID Syndrome -- Can Vaccines also Cause Autoimmune Reactions? -- Immune Tests for Long COVID -- Neuroimmune Studies in CFS/ME, Fibromyalgia, and Depression -- Is a Unifying Theory of How Long-COVID Syndrome Develops Possible? -- Summary -- References -- Section 4 Evaluation and Management -- Chapter 8 Patient Evaluation and Research -- Need: Widely Accepted Long-COVID Term and Case Definition -- Need: Uniform Symptom and Outcome Measures -- Initial Evaluation, Primary Care Role -- Long-COVID Clinics -- Research -- General Clinical Research -- Basic Research -- Summary -- References.
Chapter 9 Patient Management and Rethinking Healthcare Amid Long COVID -- Management -- General Issues -- Pulmonary and Physical Rehabilitation -- Exercise -- Evaluate and Treat Autonomic Dysfunctions and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome -- Psychological Rehabilitation -- Medications and Other Therapies -- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine -- Health Coverage, Disability -- Rethinking Healthcare Amid Long COVID -- Dealing with Medical Uncertainty -- Patient Advocacy -- Integrated, Patient-centric Care -- A Biopsychosocial Illness Model -- References -- Chapter 10 The Way Forward: For Patients, Healthcare Providers, and Research -- For Patients -- Do I have Long COVID? -- Where Do I Go for a Diagnosis? -- Assessing Illness Severity -- General Principles You Should Know -- Who Do You Listen To? -- Avoiding Misinformation and Disinformation -- Disability and Disability Insurance -- Biopsychological Perspectives to Remember -- For Healthcare Providers -- Making the Diagnosis -- Specialty Care -- Research, Patients, and the Public -- Basic Scientific Issues -- Bringing Long-COVID Patients and Researchers Together -- Treatment Trials -- A New Chronic Illness Strategy -- Summary -- References -- Appendix A Long-COVID Clinics in the US and Europe -- Appendix B Suggestions for Future Research Focused on the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Long-COVID Syndrome -- Hypothesis 1: Brain-restricted Autoimmunity causes Long-COVID Syndrome -- Background -- Evidence in Long- COVID -- How Else Might SARS-CoV-2 Infection Influence the Immune Response Leading to Long COVID? -- Hypotheses 2: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alters the Microbiome, which in turn Initiates Long-COVID Syndrome -- What is the Microbiome and How does it Affect Immunity and the Brain? -- The Microbiome in COVID-19 Patients and in Individuals with Long-COVID Syndrome.
Hypothesis 3: Long-COVID Syndrome is Related to Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Virus or Virus Fragments Sequestered in Brain Cells -- Background -- References -- Index -- EULA.
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Unravelling long COVID / / Don Goldenberg, Marc Dichter
