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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction to Gums, Resins, and Latexes -- 1 Chemical Constituents and Applications of Gums, Resins, and Latexes of Plant Origin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gums: Chemical Compositions, Properties, and Applications -- 2.1 Chemical Compositions of Gums -- 2.2 Properties of Gums -- 2.3 Applications of Plant-Based Gums -- 2.3.1 Applications of Gums in the Food Industry -- 2.3.2 Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications of Gums -- 2.3.3 Applications of Gums in Overcoming Environmental Pollution -- 2.3.4 Synthesis of Gum-Based Nanofibers and Their Utilization -- 2.3.5 Biomedical Applications of Plant-Based Gums -- Drug Delivery -- Wound Healing -- Bone Tissue Engineering -- 3 Resins: Chemical Compositions and Uses -- 3.1 Oleoresins -- 3.2 Balsams -- 3.3 Varnish and Lacquer Resins -- 4 Latex: Chemical Compositions and Applications -- 4.1 Chemical Constituents of Plant Latex -- 4.1.1 Alkaloids -- 4.1.2 Terpenoids -- 4.1.3 Phenolics -- 4.1.4 Latex Proteins -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Pharmaceutical Applications of Various Natural Gums and Mucilages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Applications of Naturally Available Gums in Pharmaceuticals -- 2.1 Applications of Naturally Available Gums in Liquid Dosage Forms -- 2.2 Applications of Naturally Available Gums in Solid Dosage Forms -- 2.3 Applications of Naturally Available Gums in Semisolid Dosage Forms -- 3 Applications of Naturally Available Mucilages in Pharmaceutical Formulations -- 3.1 Application of Naturally Available Mucilages in Various Liquid Dosage Forms -- 3.2 Application of Naturally Available Mucilages in Solid Formulations -- 3.3 Applications of the Naturally Available Mucilages in Semisolid Dosage Forms -- 4 Regularity Status of Naturally Available Gums for Pharmaceutical Applications.
5 Future Perspectives of Naturally Available Gums and Mucilages -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Tree Gum-Based Renewable Materials and Nanoparticles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 ``Green´´ and Sustainable Products Based on Tree Gums -- 2.1 Tree Gum-Derived Nanoparticles -- 2.2 Tree Gum-Based Nanofibers -- 2.3 Tree Gum-Based Carbon Nanostructures for Energy and Environmental Applications -- 2.4 Films Based on Tree Gums and Their Composites -- 2.5 Tree Gum Sponges -- 2.6 Greener Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Tree Gums -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Natural Gums for Fruits and Vegetables Preservation: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Classification of Natural Gums -- 2.1 Plant-Based Natural Gums -- 2.2 Animal-Based Natural Gums -- 2.3 Microbial-Based Gums -- 2.4 Marine-Based Natural Gums -- 3 Isolation and Purification of Natural Gums -- 4 Application of Natural Gums as Edible Coating -- 5 Effects of Natural Gums on Postharvest Shelf Life and Quality Attributes of Fruits and Vegetables -- 5.1 Physiological Loss in Weight (PLW) -- 5.2 Total Soluble Solids (TSS) -- 5.3 Titratable Acidity (TA) -- 5.4 Textural Properties -- 5.5 Color Attributes -- 5.6 Respiration Rate -- 5.7 Ethylene Production -- 5.8 Biochemical Properties -- 5.9 Enzymatic Activity -- 5.10 Sensorial Properties -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Application of Guar Gum and Its Derivatives in Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Guar Plant -- 2.1 Global Distribution of Guar Crop -- 2.2 Extraction of Guar Gum -- 2.3 Chemical Structure of Guar Gum -- 2.4 Physical Properties of Guar Gum -- 2.5 Chemical Modification of Guar Gum -- 2.5.1 Derivatization of Guar Gum -- 2.5.2 Hydrogel Formation -- 2.5.3 Guar Gum-Based Hydrogel Composites and Nanocomposites -- 3 Modified Guar Gum in Agriculture -- 3.1 Soil Amendment -- 3.2 Water-Saving -- 3.3 Sustained Release and Delivery System -- 4 Conclusions.
References -- 6 Exudate Gums -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Acacia Gum -- 3 Tragacanth Gum -- 4 Karaya Gum -- 5 Ghatti Gum -- 6 Mesquite Gum -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Gums as Pharmaceutical Excipients: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nutritional Contributions of Natural Gums -- 3 Properties and Characterization of Natural Gums -- 4 Natural Gums as Pharmaceutical Excipients and Their Drug Delivery Properties -- 4.1 Albizia Gum -- 4.2 Aloe vera Gum -- 4.3 Neem Gum -- 4.4 Cashew Gum -- 4.5 Fenugreek Gum -- 4.6 Almond Gum -- 5 Patents in Gum-Based Pharmaceutical Products -- 6 Current Clinical Trials in Gum-Based Pharmaceutical Products -- 7 Challenges and Opportunities for the Natural Gum -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Plant Gums -- 8 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Moi Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chemistry of Moi Gum -- 1.2 Plant Description -- 1.3 Biology, Habitat, and Uses of Moi Tree -- 2 Modifications of a Polysaccharide Gum -- 3 Development of Moi Gum-Based Hydrogel and its Applications in Dye Removal for Environmental Remediation -- 3.1 Synthesis of Moi Gum Hydrogel and Experimental Plan -- 3.2 Biodegradation Study and Determination of Half-Life -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Synthesis and Purification of Cross-Linked Moi Gum Hydrogel -- 4.2 Characterization Results -- 4.3 Adsorption Experiments -- 4.4 Biodegradation Study and Calculation of Half-Life -- 5 Applications of Moi Gum Matrices for Nutrient Release Studies for Agricultural Applications -- 5.1 Synthesis of Micronutrients-Loaded Hydrogel -- 5.2 Results and Discussions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Locust Bean Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Processing of Locust Bean Gum -- 2.1 Acid-Based Process -- 2.2 Thermal or Heat-Based Process -- 3 LBG Chemistry and Composition -- 4 Biological Activities of LBG.
5 Properties of LBG -- 5.1 Hydration and Solubility -- 5.2 Rheological Properties -- 5.3 Water Adsorption Isotherm -- 6 Uses of LBG -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Moringa Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Source, Collection, Isolation, Extraction, and Purification of Moringa Gum -- 3 Chemistry of Moringa Gum -- 4 Physicochemical Properties of Moringa Gum -- 5 Derivatization of Moringa Gum -- 5.1 Carboxymethylation -- 5.2 Grafting -- 5.3 Etherification -- 5.4 Thiolation -- 5.5 Cross-Linking -- 5.6 Acryloylation -- 5.7 Acid Hydrolysis -- 6 Biological Activities of Moringa Gum -- 7 Applications of Moringa Gum in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Other Fields -- 7.1 As Polymer Electrolyte in Cells -- 7.2 For the Synthesis of Bio-resins -- 7.3 As an Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment -- 7.4 As a Pharmaceutical Excipient -- 7.4.1 Gelling Agent -- 7.4.2 Binding Agent -- 7.4.3 Tablet Disintegrating Agent -- 7.4.4 Film-Forming Agent -- 7.4.5 Emulsifying Agent -- 7.5 Drug Delivery Carrier -- 8 Summary -- References -- 11 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Tara Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Processing or Collection of Tara Gum -- 2.1 Acid Treatment Process -- 2.2 The Roasting Process -- 3 Properties of Tara Gum -- 3.1 Physical Properties of Tara Gum -- 3.2 Chemical Properties and the Chemistry of Tara Gum -- 4 Biological Activities of Tara Gum -- 5 Uses of Tara Gum -- 5.1 In Various Food Preparations -- 5.1.1 Ice Cream -- 5.1.2 Cheese -- 5.1.3 Milk Puddings -- 5.1.4 Bakery Products -- 5.1.5 Dessert Gel Products -- 5.1.6 Sauces and Condiments -- 5.1.7 In Mayonnaise, Noodles, and Meat -- 5.1.8 In Dressing and Sauces -- 5.1.9 In Soft and Nutritive Drinks -- 5.1.10 In Special Foods -- Processed Seafood -- Frozen Foods -- Pasta -- 5.2 Modification of Tara Gum -- 5.2.1 Sulfation -- 5.2.2 Carboxymethylation.
5.2.3 Quaternary Ammonium Salt -- 5.2.4 Hydrolyzed Tara Gum -- 5.3 In Paper Industries and as the Packaging Material -- 5.4 In Various Pharmaceutical Formulations -- 5.5 In Various Cosmetic Preparations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Cashew Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brief Botanical and Ethnopharmacological Description -- 2.1 Botany -- 2.2 Ethnopharmacology -- 3 Phytochemical Properties of the Cashew Gum -- 4 Biological Activities of Cashew Gum -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Chemistry and Food Applications of Persian Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry -- 2.1 Chemical Composition -- 2.2 Chemical Structure -- 2.2.1 Monosaccharide Composition -- 2.2.2 NMR Spectroscopy -- 2.2.3 FTIR Analysis -- 2.2.4 Molecular Weight -- 2.3 Surface Activity -- 2.4 Interaction of PG with Biomacromolecules -- 2.4.1 Proteins -- 2.4.2 Polysaccharides -- 2.5 Modification of PG -- 3 Food Applications of PG -- 3.1 Emulsification and Stabilization -- 3.2 Texturization -- 3.3 Encapsulation -- 3.4 Coating and Packaging -- 3.5 Miscellaneous Applications -- 4 Concluding Remarks and Future Trends -- References -- 14 Chañar Gum (Geoffroea decorticans) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chañar -- 1.2 Fruit -- 1.3 Chañar State of Art -- 2 Process of Obtaining and Elaboration of Chañar Flour -- 2.1 Obtaining the Chañar Flour -- 2.2 Flour Properties -- 2.3 Flour Colorimetry -- 3 Extraction Process of Chañar Gum -- 3.1 Thermal Extraction -- 4 Physicochemical Properties -- 4.1 Density and Viscosity -- 4.2 Diffusion Coefficient -- 4.3 Surface Tension -- 4.4 Refractive Index -- 5 Chemical Characterization -- 5.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy -- 5.2 Fourier Transform Infrared -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Basil Seed Gum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure and Chemistry of Basil Seed Gum (BSG).
2.1 Physical Properties.
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Gendered Citizenship : Manifestations and Performance / / edited by Bishnupriya Dutt, Janelle Reinelt, Shrinkhla Sahai
