| Pubbl/distr/stampa |
Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and Scrivener Publishing LLC, , [2023]
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| Descrizione fisica |
1 online resource (629 pages)
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| Disciplina |
662.88
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| Soggetto topico |
Biomass energy
|
| ISBN |
1-119-82952-6
1-119-82951-8
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| Formato |
Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione |
eng
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| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Plant Seed Oils and Their Potential for Biofuel Production in India -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Background -- 1.3 Non-Edible Oil as Feedstock for Biodiesel -- 1.3.1 Jatropha -- 1.3.2 Pongamia -- 1.3.3 Mahua -- 1.3.4 Nahor -- 1.3.5 Rubber -- 1.3.6 Lesser Explored Non-Edible Oils for Biodiesel Feedstock in India -- 1.4 Fuel Qualities -- 1.4.1 Cetane Number -- 1.4.2 Acid Value -- 1.4.3 Ester Content, Glycerides, and Glycerol -- 1.4.4 Phosphorus Content -- 1.4.5 Iodine Value -- 1.4.6 Oxidation Stability -- 1.4.7 Linolenic Acid Methyl Esters -- 1.4.8 Polyunsaturated (≥ 4 Double Bonds) Methyl Esters -- 1.5 Conclusion -- Author Contributions -- References -- Chapter 2 Processing of Feedstock in Context of Biodiesel Production -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Feedstock in Context of Biodiesel -- 2.3 Processing of Oilseeds -- 2.3.1 Pretreatment -- 2.3.2 Decortication -- 2.3.2.1 Characteristics of Oilseeds Required for Decortication -- 2.3.2.2 Decortication Method -- 2.4 Oil Extraction Methods -- 2.4.1 Aqueous Method -- 2.4.2 Hydraulic Press -- 2.4.3 Ghani (Animal or Power-Driven) -- 2.4.4 Solvent Extraction Method -- 2.4.5 Mechanical Extraction Method -- 2.4.6 Microwave Assisted Oil Extraction -- 2.4.7 Ultrasonic Assisted Oil Extraction -- 2.4.8 Supercritical Assisted Oil Extraction -- 2.5 Catalyst -- 2.5.1 Homogeneous Catalyst -- 2.5.2 Heterogeneous Catalyst -- 2.5.3 Biocatalyst -- 2.6 Production Process of Biodiesel -- 2.7 Techniques for Biodiesel Production -- 2.7.1 Catalytic Transesterification Technique -- 2.7.2 Pyrolysis -- 2.7.3 Microwave Assisted -- 2.7.4 Ultrasonic Assisted -- 2.7.5 Supercritical Assisted -- 2.8 Advantages & -- Disadvantages of Using Biodiesel -- 2.9 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives of Biodiesel -- 2.10 Summary -- References.
Chapter 3 Extraction Techniques for Biodiesel Production -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Direct Use and Blending -- 3.3 Microemulsion -- 3.4 Pyrolysis -- 3.5 Transesterification -- 3.5.1 Homogeneous Catalyzed Transesterification -- 3.5.2 Heterogeneous Catalyzed Transesterification -- 3.5.3 Enzyme Catalyzed Transesterification -- 3.5.4 Supercritical Alcohol Transesterification -- 3.6 Intensification Methods for Biodiesel Production -- 3.6.1 Ultrasonic Method -- 3.6.2 Microwave Method -- 3.6.3 Cosolvent Method -- 3.6.4 Membrane Technology -- 3.6.5 Reactive Distillation -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Role of Additives on Anaerobic Digestion, Biomethane Generation, and Stabilization of Process Parameters -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Anaerobic Digestion Process -- 4.3 Metallic Additives -- 4.4 Alkali Additives -- 4.5 Biological Additives -- 4.5.1 Microorganisms -- 4.5.2 Enzymes -- 4.6 Carbon-Based Additives -- 4.6.1 Graphene -- 4.6.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.6.3 Activated Carbon -- 4.6.4 Biochar -- 4.7 Nanoparticles -- 4.7.1 Fe Nanoparticles -- 4.7.2 Nanoparticles of Ag and ZnO -- 4.7.3 Nanoparticles of Fe2O4 -- 4.8 Other Natural Additives -- 4.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 An Overview on Established and Emerging Biogas Upgradation Systems for Improving Biomethane Quality -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Available Biogas Upgradation Techniques -- 5.3 Microbial Methane Enrichment -- 5.4 Bioelectrochemical System -- 5.5 Photosynthetic Biogas Upgradation -- 5.6 Techno-Economics of Biological Biogas Upgradation Technologies -- 5.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 6 Renewable Feedstocks for Biofuels -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sugar Containing Plant Crops -- 6.2.1 Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum) -- 6.2.2 Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) -- 6.2.3 Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) -- 6.3 Crops.
6.3.1 Corn (Zea mays) -- 6.3.2 CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) -- 6.4 Oilseed -- 6.4.1 Soybean (Glycine max) -- 6.4.2 Palm (Elaeis guineensis) -- 6.4.3 Canola Oil -- 6.4.4 Sunflower Oil -- 6.4.5 Castor Oil -- 6.4.6 Cottonseed Oil -- 6.4.7 Jatropha Oil (Jatropha curcas) -- 6.4.8 Jojoba Oil -- 6.4.9 NEEM (Azadirachta indica) -- 6.5 Lignocellulosic Waste -- 6.5.1 Sugarcane Bagasse -- 6.5.2 Rice Husk -- 6.5.3 Corn Stover -- 6.5.4 Wheat Straw -- 6.6 Sea Waste -- 6.6.1 Algae Biomass and Oil -- 6.7 Liquid Waste -- 6.7.1 Vinasse -- 6.7.2 Glycerol -- 6.7.3 POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Extraction Techniques of Gas.to.Liquids (GtL) Fuels -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 History and Origin of Gas to Liquid Technology -- 7.3 What is Gas to Liquids (GtL) Fuel? -- 7.4 Need and Benefits from Gas to Liquid Technology -- 7.5 Extraction or Conversion Techniques of Gas to Liquid Fuels -- 7.5.1 Gas to Liquid by Direct Conversion -- 7.5.2 Gas to Liquid by Indirect Conversion -- 7.5.2.1 Natural Gas Reforming or Methane Reforming (Syngas) -- 7.5.2.2 Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthesis -- 7.5.2.3 Conversion -- 7.6 Advancements in Gas to Liquid Technology -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Second Generation Biofuels and Extraction Techniques -- List of Abbreviations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomasses -- 8.2.1 Physical Pre-Treatment Methods -- 8.2.2 Chemical Pre-Treatment Methods -- 8.2.3 Physico-Chemical Pre-Treatment Methods -- 8.2.4 Biological Pre-Treatment Methods -- 8.3 Extraction of Biofuel from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 8.3.1 Pyrolysis -- 8.3.2 Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- 8.4 Bioethanol -- 8.4.1 Aromatic Lignocellulosic Biomass as Potential Candidate for Bioethanol -- 8.4.2 Enzymatic Saccharification -- 8.4.3 Ethanol Conversion Processes.
8.4.4 Process for the Production of Ethanol from Sugary Crops -- 8.4.5 Process for the Production of Ethanol from Starchy Crops -- 8.4.6 Process for the Production of Bioethanol from Cellulosic Biomass and Spent Aromatic Crops -- 8.4.7 Purification of Bioethanol -- 8.5 Biodiesel Production from Fatty Acids -- 8.5.1 Chemical Catalytic Process -- 8.5.1.1 Homogeneous Base-Catalysed Transesterification -- 8.5.1.2 Homogeneous Acid-Catalysed Transesterification -- 8.5.1.3 Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 8.5.1.4 Alkali Earth Metal Oxides -- 8.5.1.5 Acid/Base Zeolites -- 8.5.1.6 Heteropolyacids -- 8.5.1.7 Waste Biomass Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 8.5.1.8 Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts -- 8.5.2 Biochemical Catalysts -- 8.6 Levulinic Acid (LA) -- 8.6.1 Extraction of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Waste and Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Bio-Alcohol: Production, Purification, and Analysis Using Analytical Techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Biomethanol Extraction -- 9.2.1 Thermochemical Conversion Process -- 9.2.2 Biochemical Conversion Process -- 9.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion -- 9.3 Bioethanol Extraction -- 9.3.1 Extraction of Bioethanol from the Waste Flower (Starchy Material) -- 9.3.2 Analytical Methods for Determination of Bioethanol -- 9.3.3 Bioethanol Extraction from Sugarcane -- 9.4 Biopropanol Extraction -- 9.5 Bioglycerol Extraction -- 9.6 Bioethylene Glycol Extraction -- 9.7 Branched-Chain Bioalcohols Extraction -- 9.8 Purification of Bioalcohol -- 9.8.1 Distillation -- 9.8.2 Adsorption -- 9.8.3 Ozonation -- 9.8.4 Gas Striping -- 9.8.5 Pervaporation -- 9.8.6 Vaccum Fermentation -- 9.8.7 Solvent Extraction -- 9.9 Quantification of Bioalcohols -- 9.9.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 9.9.2 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 9.9.3 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) -- 9.9.4 Olfactometry.
9.10 Recent Perspective of Bioalcohol Production -- 9.11 Conclusion and Future Trends of Bioalcohol -- References -- Chapter 10 Studies on Extraction Techniques of Bio-Hydrogen -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Bio-Hydrogen Production Process -- 10.2.1 Fermentation -- 10.2.1.1 Dark Fermentation -- 10.2.1.2 Photo Fermentation -- 10.2.1.3 Sequential Dark and Photo Fermentation -- 10.3 Bio-Photolysis -- 10.3.1 Direct Bio-Photolysis -- 10.3.2 Indirect Bio-Photolysis -- 10.4 Microbial Electrolysis Cell -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Valorization of By-Products Produced During the Extraction and Purification of Biofuels -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biodiesel Production Process and Its Byproducts -- 11.2.1 Valorization of De-Oiled Seed Cakes -- 11.2.1.1 Valorization of De-Oiled Cake via Anaerobic Digestion Route -- 11.2.2 Valorization of Glycerol -- 11.2.2.1 Valorization of Glycerol via Anaerobic Digestion Route -- 11.2.2.2 Valorization of Glycerol via Biological Conversion Route -- 11.2.2.3 Valorization of Glycerol via Chemical Conversion Route -- 11.2.2.4 Valorization of Glycerol via Catalytic Conversion Route -- 11.2.2.5 Valorization of Glycerol via Thermochemical Conversion Route -- 11.3 Biorefinery Concept Based on Utilization of Whole Oilseed Plant -- 11.4 Valorization of Byproducts Obtained in the Bioethanol Fermentation Process -- 11.5 Valorization of Byproducts Obtained in Anaerobic Digestion Process -- 11.5.1 Valorization of CO2 Content in Biogas -- 11.5.2 Valorization of Digestate -- 11.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 12 Valorization of Byproducts Produced During Extraction and Purification of Biodiesel: A Promising Biofuel -- List of Abbreviations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Glycerol -- 12.2.1 Properties of Glycerol -- 12.2.2 Classifications of Glycerol -- 12.2.3 Global Glycerol Market -- 12.2.4 Applications.
12.2.4.1 Conversion of Glycerol into Value-Added Product.
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| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830560803321 |
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Bioenergy Research: Commercial Opportunities & Challenges [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Manish Srivastava, Neha Srivastava, Rajeev Singh
