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Research approaches to sustainable biomass systems / / Seishu Tojo and Tadashi Hirasawa, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Research approaches to sustainable biomass systems / / Seishu Tojo and Tadashi Hirasawa, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Autore Tojo Seishu
Edizione [1st edition]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Oxford : , : Academic Press, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xviii, 399 pages) : illustrations (some color)
Disciplina 662.88
Collana Gale eBooks
Soggetto topico Biomass energy - Asia
Biomass energy industries - Asia
ISBN 0-12-404683-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Front Cover; Research Approaches to Sustainable Biomass Systems; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Contributors; Chapter 1 - Background of Bioenergy Utilization Development in Japan; 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE WITH HUMAN ACTIVITIES; 1.2 JAPANESE BIOMASS UTILIZATION POLICY; REFERENCES; Chapter 2 - Biomass as Local Resource; 2.1 DEFINITION AND CATEGORY OF BIOMASS; 2.2 POTENTIAL AMOUNT OF BIOMASS AND USE OF BIOENERGY; 2.3 BIOMASS SYSTEMS; REFERENCES; Chapter 3 - Ecosystems and Biomass Systems; 3.1 NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS AND SATOYAMA UTILIZATION
3.2 BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN CULTIVATED FIELDS AND CONSERVATION OF ECOSYSTEMS3.3 BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY IN PADDY FIELD ECOSYSTEMS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4 - Production Technology for Bioenergy Crops and Trees; 4.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN ENERGY CROPS; 4.2 AGRONOMY AND BREEDING TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOENERGY CROPS; 4.3 PLANT MOLECULAR BREEDING TO ENERGY CROPS AS GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS OF BIOMASS SACCHARIFICATION; 4.4 IMPROVEMENT OF WOODY BIOMASS; REFERENCES; Chapter 5 - Soil Fertility and Soil Microorganisms; 5.1 SOIL FERTILITY; 5.2 SOIL MANAGEMENT AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
5.3 SOIL MICROORGANISMS5.4 MICROBIALLY MEDIATED SOIL FERTILITY; REFERENCES; Chapter 6 - Machinery and Information Technology for Biomass Production; 6.1 MACHINERY FOR PRODUCTION OF ENERGY CROP; 6.2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN CROP PRODUCTION; 6.3 HARVESTING THE FOREST BIOMASS; 6.4 INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FORESTRY PRODUCTION; REFERENCES; Chapter 7 - Pretreatment and Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 7.1 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; 7.2 PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
7.3 PRETREATMENT AND SACCHARIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS USING SOLID ACID CATALYSTSREFERENCES; Chapter 8 - Energy-Saving Biomass Processing with Polar Ionic Liquids; 8.1 CELLULOSE DISSOLUTION AND IONIC LIQUIDS; 8.2 REQUIRED FACTORS OF IONIC LIQUIDS FOR CELLULOSE DISSOLUTION; 8.3 DESIGN OF A NEW CLASS OF POLAR IONIC LIQUIDS; 8.4 POLAR IONIC LIQUIDS FOR BIOMASS PROCESSING WITHOUT HEATING; 8.5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ASPECTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 9 - Enzymes for Cellulosic Biomass Conversion; 9.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON CELLULASES; 9.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLULASES
9.3 OTHER BIOMASS-DEGRADING ENZYMESREFERENCES; Chapter 10 - Ethanol Production from Biomass; 10.1 ETHANOL FERMENTATION; 10.2 ETHANOL-PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS; 10.3 METHODS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION; REFERENCES; Chapter 11 - Co-Generation by Ethanol Fuel; 11.1 FUEL CELL: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERATING POWER AND HEAT; 11.2 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH ETHANOL STEAM REFORMING; REFERENCES; Chapter 12 - Thermochemical Transformation of Biomass; 12.1 NEED FOR BIOMASS UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN; 12.2 SOLIDIFICATION OF BIOMASS FUEL; 12.3 COMBUSTION; 12.4 GASIFICATION WITH METHANOL SYNTHESIS
12.5 ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTES
Record Nr. UNINA-9910824889403321
Tojo Seishu  
Oxford : , : Academic Press, , 2014
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
The role of bioenergy in the emerging bioeconomy : resources, technologies, sustainability and policy / / edited by Carmen Lago, Natalia Caldés, Yolanda Lechón
The role of bioenergy in the emerging bioeconomy : resources, technologies, sustainability and policy / / edited by Carmen Lago, Natalia Caldés, Yolanda Lechón
Pubbl/distr/stampa London, England : , : Academic Press, , [2019]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xvii, 572 pages) : illustrations
Disciplina 662.88
Soggetto topico Biomass energy
ISBN 0-12-813057-1
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Record Nr. UNINA-9910583040703321
London, England : , : Academic Press, , [2019]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Second generation biofuels and biomass : essential guide for investors, scientists and decision makers / Roland A. Jansen
Second generation biofuels and biomass : essential guide for investors, scientists and decision makers / Roland A. Jansen
Autore Jansen, Roland A.
Pubbl/distr/stampa Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag, c2013
Descrizione fisica xxi, 253 p. ; 25 cm
Disciplina 662.88
Soggetto topico Biomass energy
ISBN 9783527332908
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Record Nr. UNISALENTO-991002003339707536
Jansen, Roland A.  
Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag, c2013
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. del Salento
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
Autore Altawell Najib
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (379 p.)
Disciplina 662.88
Collana IEEE press series on power engineering
Soggetto topico Biomass chemicals
Renewable energy sources
ISBN 1-118-85260-5
1-118-85246-X
1-118-85248-6
Classificazione TEC003070
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- Abbreviations xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why This Book? / 1 -- 1.2 The Book Structure / 2 -- 1.2.1 Introduction / 2 -- 1.2.2 Structure / 3 -- 1.3 Energy Utilization / 5 -- 1.4 The Need for Effective Biomass Utilization / 7 -- 1.5 Renewable Energy Impact on Biomass Economy / 7 -- 1.6 Summary / 9 -- References / 10 -- 2 Background 13 -- 2.1 Renewable Energy: A Brief Outlook / 13 -- 2.1.1 Introduction / 13 -- 2.1.2 Old Graphs / 15 -- 2.2 Wind / 16 -- 2.3 Water / 17 -- 2.4 Geothermal / 17 -- 2.5 Solar / 19 -- 2.5.1 Solar Cells / 20 -- 2.5.2 Solar Water Heating / 20 -- 2.5.3 Solar Furnaces / 20 -- 2.6 Biomass / 21 -- 2.7 Biomass as a Source of Energy / 24 -- 2.7.1 Energy Crops / 27 -- 2.7.2 Examples of Energy Crops / 29 -- 2.7.3 Biomass Utilization / 30 -- 2.7.4 Biomass and Coal Components / 31 -- 2.7.5 Types of Energy Crop Needed / 32 -- 2.7.6 Biomass Energy Infl uencing Factors / 33 -- 2.7.7 Characteristics/Co-fi ring Properties and Testing Method / 35 -- 2.8 Biomass Applications / 36 -- 2.8.1 Bio-fuels / 36 -- 2.8.2 Electricity Generation / 37 -- 2.8.3 Heat, Steam, and CHP / 37 -- 2.8.4 Combustible Gas / 38 -- 2.8.5 Additional Bio-energy Technologies / 41 -- 2.9 Co-fi ring / 42 -- 2.9.1 Barriers for Biomass Co-firing / 43 -- 2.9.2 Additional Challenges for Co-firing / 44 -- 2.9.3 Further Advancement in Co-firing Engineering / 44 -- 2.9.4 Promoting Co-firing / 45 -- 2.10 System Engineering / 46 -- 2.11 Biomass Conversion Systems / 48 -- 2.12 Energy Crops Scheme (U.K.) / 49 -- 2.13 Renewable Obligation Certificate (ROC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.14 Climate Change Levy Exemption Certificate (LEC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.15 Conclusion / 53 -- References / 56 -- 3 Co-firing Issues 61 -- 3.1 Technical and Engineering Issues / 61 -- 3.1.1 Introduction / 61 -- 3.1.2 Hardware and Biomass Materials / 62 -- 3.2 Technical and Hardware Issues / 62 -- 3.3 Milling / 65 -- 3.4 Fuel Mixing / 66 -- 3.5 The Combustion System / 71 -- 3.5.1 Boilers / 71 -- 3.6 By-products / 75.
3.6.1 Ash Formation and Deposition / 75 -- 3.7 Degradation / 76 -- 3.8 Conclusion / 77 -- References / 80 -- 4 Samples 83 -- 4.1 Selected Samples / 83 -- 4.1.1 Introduction / 83 -- 4.2 Samples General Descriptions / 84 -- 4.2.1 The Reference Samples / 84 -- 4.3 Main Samples / 91 -- 4.3.1 Introduction / 91 -- 4.3.2 Crops Basic Composition / 92 -- 4.3.3 Crops and Oil Sources / 93 -- 4.3.4 Oil Quality and Standard / 94 -- 4.3.5 Crops Photosynthesis / 94 -- 4.3.6 Energy Crops Environmental Effect / 95 -- 4.3.7 Corn (Zea mays L.) / 96 -- 4.3.8 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / 103 -- 4.3.9 Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) / 108 -- 4.3.10 Rice (Oryza sativa) / 115 -- 4.3.11 Barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp.) / 121 -- 4.3.12 Sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus) / 126 -- 4.3.13 Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) / 134 -- 4.3.14 Rapeseed (Brassica napus) / 141 -- 4.4 Conclusion / 147 -- 4.4.1 Samples Selection / 148 -- 4.4.2 The Next Step / 150 -- References / 151 -- 5 Methodology: Part 1 161 -- 5.1 Methodology Approach / 161 -- 5.1.1 Introduction / 161 -- 5.2 The Pyramid / 162 -- 5.3 The Decision Tree / 164 -- 5.3.1 Steps for the Biomass Fuel / 164 -- 5.3.2 Three Numbers / 165 -- 5.4 Methodology Terms and Defi nition for BF and S&T / 166 -- 5.4.1 BF / 166 -- 5.4.2 S&T / 166 -- 5.5 BF and S&T Data / 166 -- 5.5.1 Why Are Data for the BF and S&T Needed? / 166 -- 5.5.2 How Are Data for the BF Obtained? / 168 -- 5.5.3 How Are Data for the S&T Obtained? / 170 -- 5.6 Scoring System / 170 -- 5.6.1 The Method / 170 -- 5.6.2 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Positive Mode / 172 -- 5.6.3 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Negative Mode / 172 -- 5.6.4 Boundaries for S&T / 174 -- 5.6.5 Boundaries for BF / 174 -- 5.6.6 Reference Sample Boundaries / 174 -- 5.6.7 Biomass Boundaries / 175 -- 5.6.8 Scoring Plan for BF / 176 -- 5.7 Methodology Survey / 177 -- 5.8 The Survey Method / 178 -- 5.8.1 Aim / 178 -- 5.8.2 Objective / 178 -- 5.8.3 What Is the Survey Looking For? / 178.
5.8.4 Survey Methodology / 178 -- 5.8.5 Mode / 179 -- 5.8.6 Mode Effect / 179 -- 5.8.7 Questionnaire Design / 179 -- 5.8.8 Sample Design / 179 -- 5.8.9 Sample Size / 180 -- 5.8.10 Pretesting and Piloting / 180 -- 5.8.11 Reducing and Dealing with Nonresponse / 180 -- 5.9 Conclusion / 181 -- References / 183 -- 6 Methodology: Part 2 185 -- 6.1 Introduction / 185 -- 6.1.1 Biomass Samples and Methodology / 186 -- 6.2 S&T Values Analysis / 186 -- 6.3 S&T Factor Evaluations / 187 -- 6.3.1 Energy Factor (EF) / 187 -- 6.3.2 Combustion Index Factor (CIF) / 190 -- 6.3.3 Volatile Matter Factor (VMF) / 193 -- 6.3.4 Moisture Factor (MF) / 195 -- 6.3.5 Ash Factor (AF) / 196 -- 6.3.6 Density Factor (DF) / 199 -- 6.3.7 Nitrogen Emission (Nx) Factor (NEF) / 201 -- 6.4 S&T Allocation Results / 203 -- 6.4.1 Introduction / 203 -- 6.4.2 The Priority List / 204 -- 6.5 Conclusion / 206 -- References / 208 -- 7 Methodology: Part 3 211 -- 7.1 BF Percentage Value Selection / 211 -- 7.1.1 Introduction / 211 -- 7.1.2 BF Subjective and Objective Factors / 212 -- 7.1.3 Percentage Allocation for BF / 212 -- 7.1.4 BF Values and Headlines / 213 -- 7.1.5 Biomass Energy Commercialization and BF / 213 -- 7.2 BF Values Analysis / 215 -- 7.3 BF Evaluations / 216 -- 7.3.1 System Factor (SF) / 217 -- 7.3.2 Approach Factor (AF) / 218 -- 7.3.3 Baseline Methodology Factor (BMF) / 219 -- 7.3.4 Business Viability Factor (BVF) / 219 -- 7.3.5 Applicability Factor (APF) / 220 -- 7.3.6 Land and Water Issues Factor (LWIF) / 223 -- 7.3.7 Supply Factor (SUF) / 224 -- 7.3.8 Quality Factor (QF) / 225 -- 7.3.9 Emission Factor / 226 -- 7.4 BF Data / 228 -- 7.4.1 Introduction / 228 -- 7.4.2 The Priority List / 230 -- 7.5 Conclusion / 235 -- References / 237 -- 8 Results: Part 1 239 -- 8.1 Statistical Data and Errors / 239 -- 8.1.1 Introduction / 239 -- 8.2 Methodology Level Value (Boundary Level Scoring Value) / 241 -- 8.3 Calculating Standard Deviation and Relative Error / 242 -- 8.3.1 S&T Factors / 243 -- 8.3.2 Business Factors (BF) / 246.
8.3.3 Methodology Standard Deviation for S&T / 249 -- 8.3.4 Methodology Standard Deviation for BF / 250 -- 8.3.5 Methodology Standard Deviation / 251 -- 8.4 Analysis / 251 -- 8.5 Conclusion / 255 -- References / 257 -- 9 Results: Part 2 259 -- 9.1 Data and Methodology Application / 259 -- 9.1.1 Introduction / 259 -- 9.2 Tests / 260 -- 9.2.1 Experimental Tests / 260 -- 9.3 S&T Samples Data and Reports (Results) / 265 -- 9.3.1 Fossil Fuel / 265 -- 9.3.2 Biomass Materials / 266 -- 9.4 BF Samples Reports Examples (Results) / 277 -- 9.4.1 Coal BF Data (Altawell, GSTF, 2012) / 277 -- 9.4.2 Rapeseed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.3 Black Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.4 Niger Seed BF Report / 279 -- 9.4.5 Apple Pruning BF Report / 280 -- 9.4.6 Striped Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 281 -- 9.5 The Final Biomass Samples / 282 -- 9.5.1 S&T Results / 282 -- 9.5.2 BF Results / 284 -- 9.6 Samples Final Fitness / 285 -- 9.7 Discussion and Analysis / 289 -- 9.8 Conclusion / 294 -- References / 296 -- 10 Economic Factors 297 -- 10.1 Biomass Fuel Economic Factors and SFS / 297 -- 10.1.1 Introduction / 297 -- 10.2 Economic Factors / 298 -- 10.3 Biomass Business / 300 -- 10.3.1 Step 1 / 300 -- 10.3.2 Step 2 / 301 -- 10.3.3 Step 3 / 302 -- 10.3.4 Step 4 / 304 -- 10.4 Biomass Fuel Supply Chain / 305 -- 10.5 The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel / 306 -- 10.6 The SFS Economic Value Scenario / 307 -- 10.7 Discussion / 308 -- 10.8 Conclusion / 310 -- References / 312 -- 11 Conclusion 315 -- 11.1 General Conclusion / 315 -- 11.2 Methodology (REA1) and Applications / 316 -- 11.3 Why Biomass? / 316 -- 11.4 Co-firing and Power Generating / 318 -- 11.5 The New Biomass Fuel (SFS) / 318 -- 11.6 The Future of Co-fi ring and Biomass Energy / 319 -- 11.7 Final Results and Final Conclusion / 320 -- 11.8 Positive Outlook / 320 -- 11.9 What Next? / 321 -- References / 321 -- Index 323.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139141503321
Altawell Najib  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / / Najib Altawell
Autore Altawell Najib
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (379 p.)
Disciplina 662.88
Collana IEEE press series on power engineering
Soggetto topico Biomass chemicals
Renewable energy sources
ISBN 1-118-85260-5
1-118-85246-X
1-118-85248-6
Classificazione TEC003070
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- Abbreviations xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why This Book? / 1 -- 1.2 The Book Structure / 2 -- 1.2.1 Introduction / 2 -- 1.2.2 Structure / 3 -- 1.3 Energy Utilization / 5 -- 1.4 The Need for Effective Biomass Utilization / 7 -- 1.5 Renewable Energy Impact on Biomass Economy / 7 -- 1.6 Summary / 9 -- References / 10 -- 2 Background 13 -- 2.1 Renewable Energy: A Brief Outlook / 13 -- 2.1.1 Introduction / 13 -- 2.1.2 Old Graphs / 15 -- 2.2 Wind / 16 -- 2.3 Water / 17 -- 2.4 Geothermal / 17 -- 2.5 Solar / 19 -- 2.5.1 Solar Cells / 20 -- 2.5.2 Solar Water Heating / 20 -- 2.5.3 Solar Furnaces / 20 -- 2.6 Biomass / 21 -- 2.7 Biomass as a Source of Energy / 24 -- 2.7.1 Energy Crops / 27 -- 2.7.2 Examples of Energy Crops / 29 -- 2.7.3 Biomass Utilization / 30 -- 2.7.4 Biomass and Coal Components / 31 -- 2.7.5 Types of Energy Crop Needed / 32 -- 2.7.6 Biomass Energy Infl uencing Factors / 33 -- 2.7.7 Characteristics/Co-fi ring Properties and Testing Method / 35 -- 2.8 Biomass Applications / 36 -- 2.8.1 Bio-fuels / 36 -- 2.8.2 Electricity Generation / 37 -- 2.8.3 Heat, Steam, and CHP / 37 -- 2.8.4 Combustible Gas / 38 -- 2.8.5 Additional Bio-energy Technologies / 41 -- 2.9 Co-fi ring / 42 -- 2.9.1 Barriers for Biomass Co-firing / 43 -- 2.9.2 Additional Challenges for Co-firing / 44 -- 2.9.3 Further Advancement in Co-firing Engineering / 44 -- 2.9.4 Promoting Co-firing / 45 -- 2.10 System Engineering / 46 -- 2.11 Biomass Conversion Systems / 48 -- 2.12 Energy Crops Scheme (U.K.) / 49 -- 2.13 Renewable Obligation Certificate (ROC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.14 Climate Change Levy Exemption Certificate (LEC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.15 Conclusion / 53 -- References / 56 -- 3 Co-firing Issues 61 -- 3.1 Technical and Engineering Issues / 61 -- 3.1.1 Introduction / 61 -- 3.1.2 Hardware and Biomass Materials / 62 -- 3.2 Technical and Hardware Issues / 62 -- 3.3 Milling / 65 -- 3.4 Fuel Mixing / 66 -- 3.5 The Combustion System / 71 -- 3.5.1 Boilers / 71 -- 3.6 By-products / 75.
3.6.1 Ash Formation and Deposition / 75 -- 3.7 Degradation / 76 -- 3.8 Conclusion / 77 -- References / 80 -- 4 Samples 83 -- 4.1 Selected Samples / 83 -- 4.1.1 Introduction / 83 -- 4.2 Samples General Descriptions / 84 -- 4.2.1 The Reference Samples / 84 -- 4.3 Main Samples / 91 -- 4.3.1 Introduction / 91 -- 4.3.2 Crops Basic Composition / 92 -- 4.3.3 Crops and Oil Sources / 93 -- 4.3.4 Oil Quality and Standard / 94 -- 4.3.5 Crops Photosynthesis / 94 -- 4.3.6 Energy Crops Environmental Effect / 95 -- 4.3.7 Corn (Zea mays L.) / 96 -- 4.3.8 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / 103 -- 4.3.9 Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) / 108 -- 4.3.10 Rice (Oryza sativa) / 115 -- 4.3.11 Barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp.) / 121 -- 4.3.12 Sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus) / 126 -- 4.3.13 Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) / 134 -- 4.3.14 Rapeseed (Brassica napus) / 141 -- 4.4 Conclusion / 147 -- 4.4.1 Samples Selection / 148 -- 4.4.2 The Next Step / 150 -- References / 151 -- 5 Methodology: Part 1 161 -- 5.1 Methodology Approach / 161 -- 5.1.1 Introduction / 161 -- 5.2 The Pyramid / 162 -- 5.3 The Decision Tree / 164 -- 5.3.1 Steps for the Biomass Fuel / 164 -- 5.3.2 Three Numbers / 165 -- 5.4 Methodology Terms and Defi nition for BF and S&T / 166 -- 5.4.1 BF / 166 -- 5.4.2 S&T / 166 -- 5.5 BF and S&T Data / 166 -- 5.5.1 Why Are Data for the BF and S&T Needed? / 166 -- 5.5.2 How Are Data for the BF Obtained? / 168 -- 5.5.3 How Are Data for the S&T Obtained? / 170 -- 5.6 Scoring System / 170 -- 5.6.1 The Method / 170 -- 5.6.2 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Positive Mode / 172 -- 5.6.3 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Negative Mode / 172 -- 5.6.4 Boundaries for S&T / 174 -- 5.6.5 Boundaries for BF / 174 -- 5.6.6 Reference Sample Boundaries / 174 -- 5.6.7 Biomass Boundaries / 175 -- 5.6.8 Scoring Plan for BF / 176 -- 5.7 Methodology Survey / 177 -- 5.8 The Survey Method / 178 -- 5.8.1 Aim / 178 -- 5.8.2 Objective / 178 -- 5.8.3 What Is the Survey Looking For? / 178.
5.8.4 Survey Methodology / 178 -- 5.8.5 Mode / 179 -- 5.8.6 Mode Effect / 179 -- 5.8.7 Questionnaire Design / 179 -- 5.8.8 Sample Design / 179 -- 5.8.9 Sample Size / 180 -- 5.8.10 Pretesting and Piloting / 180 -- 5.8.11 Reducing and Dealing with Nonresponse / 180 -- 5.9 Conclusion / 181 -- References / 183 -- 6 Methodology: Part 2 185 -- 6.1 Introduction / 185 -- 6.1.1 Biomass Samples and Methodology / 186 -- 6.2 S&T Values Analysis / 186 -- 6.3 S&T Factor Evaluations / 187 -- 6.3.1 Energy Factor (EF) / 187 -- 6.3.2 Combustion Index Factor (CIF) / 190 -- 6.3.3 Volatile Matter Factor (VMF) / 193 -- 6.3.4 Moisture Factor (MF) / 195 -- 6.3.5 Ash Factor (AF) / 196 -- 6.3.6 Density Factor (DF) / 199 -- 6.3.7 Nitrogen Emission (Nx) Factor (NEF) / 201 -- 6.4 S&T Allocation Results / 203 -- 6.4.1 Introduction / 203 -- 6.4.2 The Priority List / 204 -- 6.5 Conclusion / 206 -- References / 208 -- 7 Methodology: Part 3 211 -- 7.1 BF Percentage Value Selection / 211 -- 7.1.1 Introduction / 211 -- 7.1.2 BF Subjective and Objective Factors / 212 -- 7.1.3 Percentage Allocation for BF / 212 -- 7.1.4 BF Values and Headlines / 213 -- 7.1.5 Biomass Energy Commercialization and BF / 213 -- 7.2 BF Values Analysis / 215 -- 7.3 BF Evaluations / 216 -- 7.3.1 System Factor (SF) / 217 -- 7.3.2 Approach Factor (AF) / 218 -- 7.3.3 Baseline Methodology Factor (BMF) / 219 -- 7.3.4 Business Viability Factor (BVF) / 219 -- 7.3.5 Applicability Factor (APF) / 220 -- 7.3.6 Land and Water Issues Factor (LWIF) / 223 -- 7.3.7 Supply Factor (SUF) / 224 -- 7.3.8 Quality Factor (QF) / 225 -- 7.3.9 Emission Factor / 226 -- 7.4 BF Data / 228 -- 7.4.1 Introduction / 228 -- 7.4.2 The Priority List / 230 -- 7.5 Conclusion / 235 -- References / 237 -- 8 Results: Part 1 239 -- 8.1 Statistical Data and Errors / 239 -- 8.1.1 Introduction / 239 -- 8.2 Methodology Level Value (Boundary Level Scoring Value) / 241 -- 8.3 Calculating Standard Deviation and Relative Error / 242 -- 8.3.1 S&T Factors / 243 -- 8.3.2 Business Factors (BF) / 246.
8.3.3 Methodology Standard Deviation for S&T / 249 -- 8.3.4 Methodology Standard Deviation for BF / 250 -- 8.3.5 Methodology Standard Deviation / 251 -- 8.4 Analysis / 251 -- 8.5 Conclusion / 255 -- References / 257 -- 9 Results: Part 2 259 -- 9.1 Data and Methodology Application / 259 -- 9.1.1 Introduction / 259 -- 9.2 Tests / 260 -- 9.2.1 Experimental Tests / 260 -- 9.3 S&T Samples Data and Reports (Results) / 265 -- 9.3.1 Fossil Fuel / 265 -- 9.3.2 Biomass Materials / 266 -- 9.4 BF Samples Reports Examples (Results) / 277 -- 9.4.1 Coal BF Data (Altawell, GSTF, 2012) / 277 -- 9.4.2 Rapeseed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.3 Black Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.4 Niger Seed BF Report / 279 -- 9.4.5 Apple Pruning BF Report / 280 -- 9.4.6 Striped Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 281 -- 9.5 The Final Biomass Samples / 282 -- 9.5.1 S&T Results / 282 -- 9.5.2 BF Results / 284 -- 9.6 Samples Final Fitness / 285 -- 9.7 Discussion and Analysis / 289 -- 9.8 Conclusion / 294 -- References / 296 -- 10 Economic Factors 297 -- 10.1 Biomass Fuel Economic Factors and SFS / 297 -- 10.1.1 Introduction / 297 -- 10.2 Economic Factors / 298 -- 10.3 Biomass Business / 300 -- 10.3.1 Step 1 / 300 -- 10.3.2 Step 2 / 301 -- 10.3.3 Step 3 / 302 -- 10.3.4 Step 4 / 304 -- 10.4 Biomass Fuel Supply Chain / 305 -- 10.5 The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel / 306 -- 10.6 The SFS Economic Value Scenario / 307 -- 10.7 Discussion / 308 -- 10.8 Conclusion / 310 -- References / 312 -- 11 Conclusion 315 -- 11.1 General Conclusion / 315 -- 11.2 Methodology (REA1) and Applications / 316 -- 11.3 Why Biomass? / 316 -- 11.4 Co-firing and Power Generating / 318 -- 11.5 The New Biomass Fuel (SFS) / 318 -- 11.6 The Future of Co-fi ring and Biomass Energy / 319 -- 11.7 Final Results and Final Conclusion / 320 -- 11.8 Positive Outlook / 320 -- 11.9 What Next? / 321 -- References / 321 -- Index 323.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830552603321
Altawell Najib  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE/Wiley, , [2014]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Selective Catalysis for Renewable Feedstocks and Chemicals / / edited by Kenneth M. Nicholas
Selective Catalysis for Renewable Feedstocks and Chemicals / / edited by Kenneth M. Nicholas
Edizione [1st ed. 2014.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2014
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (VII, 261 p. 243 illus., 38 illus. in color.) : online resource
Disciplina 662.88
Collana Topics in Current Chemistry
Soggetto topico Catalysis
Organic chemistry
Polymers  
Organic Chemistry
Polymer Sciences
ISBN 3-319-08654-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Selective lignin oxidation -- Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass deoxydehydration of polyols -- Carbohydrate conversion to lactic acid and isosorbide -- Catalytic Approaches to the Production of Levulinates and Substituted Furfurals from Biomass -- Polymerization of biomass-derived monomers.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910298645103321
Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2014
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Single Cell Protein Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass / / by Pratima Bajpai
Single Cell Protein Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass / / by Pratima Bajpai
Autore Bajpai P (Pratima)
Edizione [1st ed. 2017.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2017
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (85 pages) : illustrations, tables
Disciplina 662.88
Collana SpringerBriefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability
Soggetto topico Biochemical engineering
Green chemistry
Environmental engineering
Biotechnology
Fossil fuels
Biochemical Engineering
Green Chemistry
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture)
ISBN 981-10-5873-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Background -- General Considerations on the Use of Lignocellulosic Residues -- Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Residues in to Single Cell Protein -- Microorganisms Used for Single Cell Protein Production -- Cultivation of Microorganisms for Single Cell Protein Production.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910254140503321
Bajpai P (Pratima)  
Singapore : , : Springer Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2017
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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Sistemi a biomasse : Impianti di generazione calore, elettricità e biometano / Enrico Bocci ... [et al.]
Sistemi a biomasse : Impianti di generazione calore, elettricità e biometano / Enrico Bocci ... [et al.]
Edizione [2. ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Santarcangelo di Romagna : Maggioli, c2015
Descrizione fisica 513 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm
Disciplina 662.88
Altri autori (Persone) Caffarelli, Alessandro
Villarini, Mauro
Bocci, Enricoauthor
D'Amato, Alessio
Di Carlo, Andrea
Collana Progettazione Tecniche & Materiali
Soggetto topico Biomass energy
ISBN 9788891601643
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione ita
Record Nr. UNISALENTO-991002819909707536
Santarcangelo di Romagna : Maggioli, c2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. del Salento
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Sistemi a biomasse : impianti di generazione calore, elettricità e biometano / Enrico Bocci ... [et al.]
Sistemi a biomasse : impianti di generazione calore, elettricità e biometano / Enrico Bocci ... [et al.]
Edizione [2. ed]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Santarcangelo di Romagna, : Maggioli, 2015
Descrizione fisica 513 p. : ill. ; 30 cm
Disciplina 662
662.88
Collana Progettazione tecniche & materiali
Soggetto topico Biocarburanti
ISBN 9788891601643
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione ita
Record Nr. UNISANNIO-UBO4129727
Santarcangelo di Romagna, : Maggioli, 2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. del Sannio
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Solar-to-Fuel Conversion in Algae and Cyanobacteria / / by Cinzia Formighieri
Solar-to-Fuel Conversion in Algae and Cyanobacteria / / by Cinzia Formighieri
Autore Formighieri Cinzia
Edizione [1st ed. 2015.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (102 p.)
Disciplina 662.88
662/.88
Collana SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science
Soggetto topico Renewable energy resources
Environmental chemistry
Energy harvesting
Energy systems
Renewable and Green Energy
Environmental Chemistry
Energy Harvesting
Energy Systems
ISBN 3-319-16730-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto 1. Introduction -- 2. Introduction to biofuels: An emerging industry. 3. Exploring novel feedstocks and technologies for advanced biofuels: the promises of algae -- 4. Bio-ethanol from algae polysaccharides -- 5. Biodiesel from microalgae -- 6. Processing of algal biomass for the production of biogas and bio-oil -- 7.  Cyanobacteria as a platform for direct photosynthesis-to-fuel conversion -- 8.  Economic viability of algal biodiesel -- 9. Photosynthesis: a dynamic process -- 10. Solar-to-biomass conversion efficiency --  11. Light Saturation of photosynthesis -- 12. Downstream biochemical reactions: carbon assimilation -- 13. Light-utilization inefficiency of wild type algal mass cultures -- 14. Genetic modification of the pigment optical density -- 15. Development of microalgae cultivation and biomass harvesting systems for biofuel production -- 16. Environmental sustainability of biofuel production from algae -- 17. Concluding remarks.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910299449203321
Formighieri Cinzia  
Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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