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C62.72a-2020 - IEEE guide for the application of surge-protective devices for use on the load side of service equipment in low-voltage (1000 V or Less, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) ac power circuits--amendment 1: SPD disconnector application considerations and coordination / / IEEE
| C62.72a-2020 - IEEE guide for the application of surge-protective devices for use on the load side of service equipment in low-voltage (1000 V or Less, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) ac power circuits--amendment 1: SPD disconnector application considerations and coordination / / IEEE |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Place of publication not identified] : , : IEEE, , 2021 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico |
Electric power systems
Electric power systems - Reliability |
| ISBN | 1-5044-6808-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | C62.72a-2020 - IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge-Protective Devices for Use on the Load Side of Service Equipment in Low-Voltage |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910447059703321 |
| [Place of publication not identified] : , : IEEE, , 2021 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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C62.72a-2020 - IEEE guide for the application of surge-protective devices for use on the load side of service equipment in low-voltage (1000 V or Less, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) ac power circuits--amendment 1: SPD disconnector application considerations and coordination / / IEEE
| C62.72a-2020 - IEEE guide for the application of surge-protective devices for use on the load side of service equipment in low-voltage (1000 V or Less, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) ac power circuits--amendment 1: SPD disconnector application considerations and coordination / / IEEE |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Place of publication not identified] : , : IEEE, , 2021 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico |
Electric power systems
Electric power systems - Reliability |
| ISBN | 1-5044-6808-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | C62.72a-2020 - IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge-Protective Devices for Use on the Load Side of Service Equipment in Low-Voltage |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996575263603316 |
| [Place of publication not identified] : , : IEEE, , 2021 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
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Computational Design of Battery Materials
| Computational Design of Battery Materials |
| Autore | Hanaor Dorian A. H |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (589 pages) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Collana | Topics in Applied Physics Series |
| ISBN |
9783031473036
9783031473029 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction: Battery Materials: Bringing It All Together for Tomorrow's Energy Storage Needs -- 1 Computational Design of Battery Materials -- 2 Battery Materials as Key Enablers of Contemporary Technosocieties -- 3 Objectives of Battery Materials Design -- 4 Interdisciplinary Aspects of Battery Materials Design -- References -- Atomistic Simulations of Battery Materials and Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure and Ionic Diffusion in PEO-LiTFSI Polymer Electrolyte: Effect of Temperature, Molecular Weight, and Ionic Concentration -- 3 Transport Properties of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids: Effect of Li-Ion Concentration and Electric Field -- 4 Structural, Dynamic and Diffusion Properties of Lithium Superionic Conductor Li6(PS4)SCl -- 5 Interfacial Instability of the Li6(PS4)SCl Superionic Conductor at Lithium Metal Anode -- 6 SEI Formation in Li/Ionic Liquid Systems -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Ab Initio Interfacial Electrochemistry Applied to Understanding, Tuning and Designing Battery Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modeling Electrochemical Interfaces -- 2.1 Introduction to the Grand Canonical Formalism -- 2.2 The Grand Canonical Formalism Applied to a Redox Process -- 2.3 Beyond the Computational Hydrogen Electrode Approach -- 2.4 Introduction to the Ab Initio Grand Canonical Formalism -- 2.5 How to Use Ω( Φ) Curves: The Reduction of a Solvated Magnesium Cation -- 2.6 Impact of the Solvation Model -- 3 Tools for Analyzing the Electrochemical Reactivity -- 3.1 Discriminating Electrochemical Versus Non-electrochemical Processes -- 3.2 Electrochemical Active Center and Fukui Function -- 3.3 Potential Dependent Projected Density of States and Metallicity -- 4 Application in Batteries -- 4.1 Solvent Stability: Application to Mg Batteries.
4.2 Prevention of the Electrolyte Decomposition by Using Additives -- 4.3 Dendrite Formation in Metal-Ion Batteries -- 4.4 Interface Stabilization Through Surface Coatings Design -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Electrolyte-Electrode Interfaces: A Review of Computer Simulations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interface Ionics -- 2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 2.2 Classical Electric Double Layer Theories -- 2.3 Structure of the Electric Double Layer -- 2.4 Electrolyte-Electrode Interface (EEI) -- 3 Interface Electronics -- 3.1 Mechanisms of EEI Formation and Redox Reactions -- 3.2 Electron Distribution at and Electron Transport Across the EEI -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Many-Particle Na-Ion Dynamics in NaMPO4 Olivine Phosphates (M = Mn, Fe) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Models -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Plain MD -- 3.2 Application of the Shooter Approach -- 3.3 Shooter Simulations with Na/M Antisite Defects (M = Fe/Mn) -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- Shooter Method -- Shooting Pulse Sequence -- Diffusion Constants -- Optimised Shooter Calculations -- References -- Modeling Ionic Transport and Disorder in Crystalline Electrodes Using Percolation Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Ionic Percolation in Crystalline Solids -- 2.2 Diffusion Mechanism and Diffusion Channels -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Lattice Percolation Theory -- 3.2 Application of Lattice Percolation Theory to Ionic Transport -- 3.3 Detecting Percolation in Simulations -- 3.4 Accessible Sites -- 3.5 Tortuosity -- 3.6 Lattice Percolation Simulations with Dribble -- 4 Examples of Lattice Percolation Simulations -- 4.1 Properties of Fully Disordered Rocksalts -- 4.2 Li Percolation in Orthorhombic LiMnOSubscript 22 -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions and Final Remarks -- References -- Crystal Structure Prediction for Battery Materials -- 1 Introduction. 2 Computational Property Prediction of Battery Materials -- 2.1 Battery Performance Metrics -- 2.2 Computable Metrics for Battery Materials -- 3 Crystal Structure Prediction -- 3.1 Theoretical Framework -- 3.2 A Survey of Crystal Structure Methods and Packages -- 3.3 Applications in Battery Materials -- 3.4 Hands-On Tutorial to Find the LiCoO2 Cathode -- 4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- First-Principles Calculations for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computational Characterization of LiPSs -- 3 Simulation of the Spectroscopy of LiPSs -- 4 Adsorption Simulation of LiPSs -- 5 Electronic Interaction Between Anchoring Materials and LiPSs -- 6 Simulation of Diffusion of Li/LiPSs -- 7 Understanding of the Redox Reactions of LiPSs -- 8 Kinetic Process of the Redox Reactions of LiPSs -- 9 Descriptors for Catalysis and Binding Effect -- 10 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Nanoscale Modelling of Substitutional Disorder in Battery Materials -- 1 General Concepts on Configurational Thermodynamics -- 2 Disorder Within Rechargeable Battery Materials -- 3 Methods to Model Configurational Space -- 3.1 Symmetry Adapted Methods -- 3.2 Cluster Expansion -- 3.3 Special Quasirandom Structures -- 4 Machine Learning Approaches -- 4.1 Neural Networks -- 4.2 Kernel-Based Methods -- 4.3 Moment Tensor Potentials -- 5 General Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Machine Learning Methods for the Design of Battery Manufacturing Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key Steps for Battery Production -- 3 Machine Learning for Battery Production -- 4 Case 1: Machine Learning to Reveal the Dependency Between Electrode and Cell Characteristics -- 5 Case 2: Battery Capacities Prediction and Coating Parameters Analysis via Interpretable Machine Learning -- 6 Conclusion -- References. Theoretical Approaches for the Determination of Defect and Transport Properties in Selected Battery Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computational Protocols to Disclose Relevant Properties of Battery Materials -- 2.1 DFT Methods -- 2.2 Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 2.3 Nudged Elastic Band -- 3 Examining the Consequences of the Oxygen-Sulfur Exchange on Relevant Properties of Alkali Metal Hexastannates and Hexatitanates Employing Advanced DFT Computations -- 4 Advanced Atomistic Simulations Exploring the Defect Chemistry and Transport Properties of Selected Battery Materials -- 4.1 Large-Scale MD Computations Promoting Li2SiO3 as an Alternative Inorganic Electrolyte for Future Alkali Metal Batteries -- 4.2 NEB Protocol Disclosing the Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Transport Properties in Li2Ti6O13, Na2Ti6O13 and Li2Sn6O13 -- 4.3 Combining DFT and Large Scale MD Protocols to Disclose the Underutilized Capability of Strontium Stannate as an Alternative Anode Material -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Applications of Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics for Modeling Batteries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of AIMD Methodology -- 3 Applications in Batteries -- 3.1 Structure Generation and Stability -- 3.2 Solvation, Transport, and Diffusion -- 3.3 Voltage Calculation -- 3.4 Electrolyte Decomposition -- 4 Outlooks and Conclusions -- References -- Ab Initio Modeling of Layered Oxide High-Energy Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Layered Oxides Offer New Paradigm for High-Energy Devices -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 DFT+U: Improving Electron Correlation in NaxTMO2 Systems -- 2.2 DFT-D: Including Dispersion Forces in Layered NaxTMO2 -- 2.3 Structural Models -- 2.4 Methodological Approach and Computational Details -- 3 Unfolding Oxygen Redox in Three Case-Study Materials. 3.1 NaxNi1/4Mn3/4O2: What Enables the O2 Release? -- 3.2 NaxFe1/8Ni1/8Mn3/4O2: Enhancing the Reversible O2-/On- Evolution -- 3.3 NaxRu1/8Ni1/8Mn3/4O2: Towards Highly Covalent TM Doping -- 3.4 Oxygen Vacancies: Easy Predictions of TM-O Bond Lability -- 4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Forming a Chemically-Guided Basis for Cathode Materials with Reduced Biological Impact Using Combined Density Functional Theory and Thermodynamics Modeling -- References -- Oxygen Redox in Battery Cathodes: A Brief Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anionic Redox in Battery Electrode Materials -- 3 Experimental and Theoretical Investigations -- 3.1 Contribution to Capacity Versus Detrimental O2 Evolution -- 3.2 Computational Perspective and Future Direction -- 4 Oxygen Redox in 3d and 4d Ilmenite-Type NaxTMO3 -- 5 Summary -- References -- Theoretical Investigations of Layered Anode Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computational Methods -- 2.1 Theoretical Prediction and Stability -- 2.2 Electronic Properties -- 2.3 Adsorption Energy of Lithium Adatom -- 2.4 Activation Energy and Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium-Ion -- 2.5 Voltage Profile and Theoretical Capacity Storage of Lithium -- 2.6 Vander-Waals Interaction -- 3 Theoretical Investigation of Two-Dimensional Materials with a One, Two and Three Atomic Elements as Anode Materials of Lithium Ion Batteries -- 3.1 Graphene-Based Materials -- 3.2 Phosphorene -- 3.3 Silicene -- 3.4 Germanene, Stanene, Arsenene and Antimonene -- 3.5 Two-Dimensional BX (X=N, P, As, Sb) -- 3.6 Metal Transition Dichalcogenides MXSubscript 22 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Cr, W -- X=S, Se, Te) -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Design of Improved Cathode Materials by Intermixing Transition Metals in Sodium-Iron Sulphate and Sodium Manganate for Sodium-Ion Batteries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modeling and Computational Methods. 2.1 Modeling of Intermixing Compounds. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910872195703321 |
Hanaor Dorian A. H
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| Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Design of advanced photocatalytic materials for energy and environmental applications / / Juan M. Coronado [and three others], editors
| Design of advanced photocatalytic materials for energy and environmental applications / / Juan M. Coronado [and three others], editors |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 2013.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York : , : Springer, , 2013 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xii, 348 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Disciplina |
541/.395
621.312424 |
| Collana | Green Energy and Technology |
| Soggetto topico |
Photocatalysis
Materials - Technological innovations Chemical engineering |
| ISBN | 1-4471-5061-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | 1.A historical introduction to photocatalysis -- 2.Photons, electrons and holes: fundamentals of photocatalysis with semiconductors -- 3.Environmental applications of photocatalysis -- 4.urning sunlight into fuels: photocatalysis for energy -- 5.the keys of success: TiO2 as a benchmark photocatalyst -- 6.Alternative metal oxide photocatalysts -- 7.The new promising semiconductors: metallates and other mixed compounds -- 8.Chalcogenides and other non-oxidic semiconductors -- 9.Single-site photocatalysts: photoactive species dispersed on porous matrixes -- 10.The role of co-catalysts: interaction and synergies with semiconductors -- 11.Shaping photocatalysts: morphological modifications of semiconductors -- 12.Immobilised photocatalysts -- 13.Metal doping of semiconductors for improving photoactivity -- 14.Non-metal doping for band gap engineering -- 15.Heterojunctions: joining different semiconductors -- 16.Sensitizers: dyes and quantum dots -- 17.Future perspectives of photocatalysis. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910741179903321 |
| New York : , : Springer, , 2013 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Design, Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of Nanostructured Carbon Based Materials for High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries [[electronic resource] ] : Next-Generation High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries / / by Guangmin Zhou
| Design, Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of Nanostructured Carbon Based Materials for High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries [[electronic resource] ] : Next-Generation High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries / / by Guangmin Zhou |
| Autore | Zhou Guangmin |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 2017.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Springer Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2017 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (XX, 115 p. 82 illus.) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Collana | Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research |
| Soggetto topico |
Electrochemistry
Energy storage Nanotechnology Energy Storage Nanotechnology and Microengineering |
| ISBN |
9789811034053
9789811034060 (e-book) |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction -- Revealing Localized Electrochemical Transition of Sulfur in Optimal Sub-nanometer Confinement -- Flexible nanostructured sulfur–carbon nanotube cathode with high rate performance for Li-S batteries -- Fibrous Hybrid of Graphene and Sulfur Nanocrystals for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries -- Long-life Li/polysulfide batteries with high sulfur loading enabled by lightweight three-dimensional nitrogen/sulfur-codoped graphene sponge -- Graphene–Pure-Sulfur Sandwich Structure for Ultrafast, Long-Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries -- Research Challenges and Directions -- Summary and Conclusions. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910164105203321 |
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Zhou Guangmin
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| Singapore : , : Springer Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2017 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Energy storage battery systems : fundamentals and applications / / edited by Sajjad Haider [and three others]
| Energy storage battery systems : fundamentals and applications / / edited by Sajjad Haider [and three others] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : IntechOpen, , [2021] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (138 pages) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico | Storage batteries |
| ISBN | 1-83962-907-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | Energy Storage Battery Systems |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910586672903321 |
| London, England : , : IntechOpen, , [2021] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Energy Storage Battery Systems : fundamentals and applications / / edited by Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider, [and 2 others]
| Energy Storage Battery Systems : fundamentals and applications / / edited by Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider, [and 2 others] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London : , : IntechOpen, , 2021 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (138 pages) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico | Storage batteries |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti | Energy Storage Battery Systems |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910688475403321 |
| London : , : IntechOpen, , 2021 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Equalization control for lithium-ion batteries / / Jian Chen, Quan Ouyang, and Zhisheng Wang
| Equalization control for lithium-ion batteries / / Jian Chen, Quan Ouyang, and Zhisheng Wang |
| Autore | Chen Jian <1497-1567, > |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 2023.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Singapore : , : Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, , [2023] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (197 pages) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico |
Equalizers (Electronics)
Lithium ion batteries |
| ISBN | 981-9902-20-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | I. Introduction -- II. Cell Equalization Systems: Fundamental Concepts -- III. Overview of Cell Equalization Circuits -- IV. Active Cell Equalization Topology Model Analysis -- V. Active Cell Equalization Topology with Minimum Equalization Time -- VI. Series-Based Cell-to-Cell Equalization Control -- VII. Layer-based Cell-to-Cell Equalization Control -- VIII. Module-based Cell-to-Cell Equalization Control -- IX. Direct Cell-to-Cell Equalization Control -- X. Series-Based Cell-to-Pack Equalization Control -- XI. Module-based Cell-to-Pack Equalization control -- XII. The Future of Cell Equalization Technologies. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910686471903321 |
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Chen Jian <1497-1567, >
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| Singapore : , : Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, , [2023] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Fire Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems [[electronic resource] /] / by Andrew F. Blum, R. Thomas Long Jr
| Fire Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems [[electronic resource] /] / by Andrew F. Blum, R. Thomas Long Jr |
| Autore | Blum Andrew F |
| Edizione | [1st ed. 2016.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2016 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (XXI, 90 p. 55 illus.) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Collana | SpringerBriefs in Fire |
| Soggetto topico |
Facility management
Energy storage Quality control Reliability Industrial safety Energy systems Facility Management Energy Storage Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk Energy Systems |
| ISBN | 1-4939-6556-5 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Background -- Literature Review and Gap Analysis -- Testing Program Summary -- ESS Description -- Testing Setup -- Test Results -- Key Findings -- Recommendations and Future Work -- Acknowledgements. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910255009803321 |
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Blum Andrew F
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| New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2016 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Flow batteries : from fundamentals to applications / / edited by Christina Roth, Jens Noack, and Maria Skyllas-Kazacos
| Flow batteries : from fundamentals to applications / / edited by Christina Roth, Jens Noack, and Maria Skyllas-Kazacos |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, Germany : , : Wiley-VCH GmbH, , [2023] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (1281 pages) |
| Disciplina | 621.312424 |
| Soggetto topico |
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Storage batteries - Recycling |
| ISBN | 3-527-83277-7 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Part I Fundamentals -- Chapter 1 The Need for Stationary Energy Storage -- 1.1 Power Systems -- 1.1.1 The Role of Electricity in Energy Supply -- 1.1.2 The Development of DC and AC Power Systems -- 1.1.3 The Early Use of Energy Storage on Power Systems -- 1.1.4 Centralised and Distributed Generation -- 1.1.5 Power System Infrastructure -- 1.1.6 Other Types of Electricity Generation and System Control -- 1.2 The Need for Electricity Storage -- 1.2.1 Operation of a Modern Power Network - The Requirement for Operational Stability -- 1.2.2 Requirements for Storage and the Use of Alternative Technologies, such as Demand‐Side Response, Interconnectors, and Flexible Generation -- 1.2.3 Optimisation of Power Networks for Technical Performance, Economic Efficiency, and Sustainability - The Energy Trilemma -- 1.3 Changes in Electricity Network Operation: Interconnected Systems, Microgrids, and Standalone Systems -- 1.3.1 The Growth in Renewable Energy Generation -- 1.3.2 The Overlap Between Stationary Storage and Transportable and Mobile Applications -- 1.4 The Parameters for Storage: Short Term, Small Scale to Long Term, Long Duration, and Large‐Scale Storage -- 1.4.1 Stationary Storage Applications -- 1.5 The Need for Longer‐Duration Energy Storage -- 1.5.1 Market Estimates -- 1.6 Energy Storage Types -- 1.6.1 Pumped‐Hydro Energy Storage -- 1.6.2 Alternatives to Pumped‐Hydro Storage -- 1.6.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage -- 1.6.4 The Hydrogen Cycle -- 1.7 Battery Energy Storage Technologies -- 1.7.1 Flow Batteries -- 1.7.2 Flow Battery Ancillary Systems -- 1.7.2.1 Advantages and Benefits -- 1.8 The Deployment of Flow Battery and Energy Storage -- 1.9 A Future Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2 History of Flow Batteries -- 2.1 Early Developments (1884-1963).
2.2 Fe/Cr FBs (1974 - mid‐2010s) -- 2.3 Zinc/Bromine FBs (1977-mid 2010s) -- 2.4 1977-1981 -- 2.5 Vanadium‐Based Flow Batteries (1980s-2010) -- 2.6 Regenesys Polysulphide/Bromide Flow Battery (1984-Early 2000s) -- 2.7 Other Flow‐Battery Chemistries 2000-2020 -- 2.8 Organic Flow Batteries -- 2.9 Advanced Flow‐Battery Concepts -- 2.10 Perspective -- References -- Chapter 3 General Electrochemical Fundamentals of Batteries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Thermodynamics -- 3.3 Kinetics -- 3.4 Practical Aspects and Consequences -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 General Aspects and Fundamentals of Flow Batteries -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Flow Battery -- 4.3 Main Components of a FB Energy Storage System -- 4.4 Advantages and Environmental Benefits -- 4.5 Types of FB -- 4.6 Fields of Application -- 4.7 Ideal Characteristics of a FB -- 4.8 Engineering Aspects of FBs -- 4.9 Fluid Flow Aspects of FBs -- 4.10 Typical Figures of Merit -- 4.11 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Redox‐mediated Processes -- 5.1 Fundamental Theory on Redox‐mediated Processes -- 5.2 Redox‐mediated Processes: Various Applications for Flow Batteries -- 5.2.1 Dual‐flow Circuit Flow Battery -- 5.2.2 Solid Boosters -- 5.2.2.1 Thermodynamics of Solid Boosters: Equilibrium -- 5.2.2.2 Kinetics of Solid Boosters -- 5.2.2.3 System Design -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Membranes for Flow Batteries -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Membrane Characteristics -- 6.2.1 Ion‐Exchange Capacity (IEC) -- 6.2.2 Water Uptake (WU), Swelling Ratio (SR), and Water Transport -- 6.2.3 Ionic Conductivity (σ) -- 6.2.4 Permselectivity of Chemical Species -- 6.2.5 Chemical Stability -- 6.2.6 Thermal and Mechanical Stability -- 6.2.7 Cost of the IEMs -- 6.3 Classification of Membranes -- 6.3.1 Cation‐Exchange Membranes (CEMs) -- 6.3.1.1 Perfluorinated Membranes. 6.3.1.2 Non‐perfluorinated Membranes -- 6.3.2 Anion‐Exchange Membranes (AEMs) -- 6.3.3 Amphoteric Ion‐Exchange Membranes (AIEMs) -- 6.3.4 Hybrid Membranes (HMs) -- 6.3.4.1 Hybrid Inorganic-Organic IEMs -- 6.3.4.2 Organic Polymer Blends as IEMs -- 6.3.5 Porous Membranes -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Standards for Flow Batteries -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A Definition of Flow Batteries -- 7.3 International Standards for Flow Batteries -- 7.3.1 Standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) -- 7.3.2 Standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers -- 7.4 Other National and International Standards, as well as Other Documents -- 7.5 Chinese National Standards -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Safety Considerations of the Vanadium Flow Battery -- 8.1 Regulatory Framework -- 8.2 Thermal Hazards -- 8.3 Chemical Hazards -- 8.4 Electrical Hazards -- 8.5 Other Considerations -- 8.6 Summary & -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 9 A Student Workshop in Sustainable Energy Technology: The Principles and Practice of a Rechargeable Flow Battery -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Laboratory Experiment -- 9.2.1 Chemicals -- 9.2.2 Materials for Construction -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Preparation of the Flow Battery -- 9.3.2 Electrochemical Reactions in a Soluble Lead-Acid Flow Battery -- 9.3.3 Effect of Current Density on Cell Voltage -- 9.4 Assessment of Hazards -- 9.5 Teaching Assessment and Learning Outcomes -- 9.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix: Supplementary Information for Students -- References -- Part II Characterization of Flow Batteries and Materials -- Chapter 10 Characterization Methods in Flow Batteries: A General Overview -- 10.1 General Overview -- 10.1.1 Physicochemical Methods in General -- 10.1.2 Characterization Techniques for Redox‐Flow Batteries. 10.1.2.1 Physicochemical Characterization -- 10.1.2.2 Electrochemical Characterization -- 10.1.2.3 General Observations -- 10.1.3 Further Outline of Part II -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Electrochemical Methods -- 11.1 Fundamental Definitions -- 11.2 Cyclic Voltammetry -- 11.2.1 Measuring Cyclic Voltammetry -- 11.2.2 Interpreting CV and LSV at Planar Electrodes - The Randles-Ševčík Relations -- 11.2.3 Strategies for Simulating Cyclic Voltammetry -- 11.2.4 The Diffusion Domain Approximation Approach for Felt Electrodes -- 11.2.5 The Real‐Space Simulation Approach -- 11.2.6 Remarks on Cyclic Voltammetry -- 11.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy -- 11.3.1 Principles and Advantages of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy -- 11.3.2 Interpreting Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy -- 11.3.3 Impedance of Macrohomogeneous Porous Electrodes - The Paasch Model -- 11.3.4 The Normalization Method -- 11.3.5 The Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) Analysis -- 11.3.6 Characteristics of a "Good Impedance" - The Kramers-Kronig Relations -- 11.3.7 Advanced Electroanalytical Techniques -- 11.3.7.1 Hydrodynamic Voltammetry - The Rotating Ring‐Disc Electrode (RRDE) -- 11.3.7.2 Alternating Current Cyclic Voltammetry (ACCV) -- References -- Chapter 12 Radiography and Tomography -- 12.1 Working Principle -- 12.1.1 Morphology of Electrode Materials -- 12.1.2 Visualizing the Flow and Electrolyte Distribution in the Porous Electrode -- 12.1.2.1 Injection of Electrolyte Into the Carbon Electrode (No Potential Control) -- 12.1.2.2 Electrolyte Flow in the Carbon Electrode (Cell Potential Applied) -- 12.2 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 13 Characterization of Carbon Materials -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Structure of Carbon Materials -- 13.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy -- 13.3 X‐ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) -- 13.4 Surface Chemistry of Carbon Materials. 13.5 Functionalization of Carbons -- 13.5.1 Thermal Methods -- 13.5.1.1 TPD -- 13.5.1.2 TPR/TPO -- 13.5.1.3 TG/TGA -- 13.6 X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) -- 13.7 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 13.8 Imaging Techniques -- 13.9 Surface Area Determination and Porosity -- 13.10 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 14 Characterization of Membranes for Flow Batteries -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Ex situ Characterization Methods for Membranes -- 14.2.1 Ion‐Exchange Capacity of Ionomer Membranes -- 14.2.2 Ion Conductivity of Ionogenic Groups in Membranes -- 14.2.3 Ion Permeability of the Ion‐Exchange Membranes -- 14.2.4 Membrane Weight Loss -- 14.2.5 Molecular Weight (Degradation) of Ionomers and Ionomer Membranes -- 14.2.6 Determination of the Thermal Stability of the Membranes -- 14.2.7 Spectroscopical Membrane Characterization -- 14.2.8 Determination of Mechanical Membrane Properties -- 14.2.9 Microscopical Membrane Characterization -- 14.2.10 Water Transfer Behavior -- 14.3 In situ Characterization Methods for Membranes -- 14.3.1 Charge/Discharge Cycles -- 14.3.1.1 Current, Voltage, and Energy Efficiency -- 14.3.1.2 Discharge Capacity and Capacity Retention -- 14.3.2 Open‐Circuit Voltage -- 14.3.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) -- 14.3.4 In situ Membrane Permeability Estimation -- 14.4 Summary -- References -- Part III Modeling and Simulation -- Chapter 15 Quantum Mechanical Modeling of Flow Battery Materials -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Fundamental Concepts of Molecular Quantum Mechanics -- 15.3 Density Functional Theory -- 15.4 Computational Electrochemistry at the Atomistic Scale -- 15.5 Applications to FB Materials -- References -- Chapter 16 Mesoscale Modeling and Simulation for Flow Batteries -- 16.1 Mesoscale Modeling Introduction -- 16.2 Mesoscale Modeling of Electrochemical Kinetics. 16.2.1 Electron Transfer Process. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910683400303321 |
| Weinheim, Germany : , : Wiley-VCH GmbH, , [2023] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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