| Nota di contenuto |
Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Top Ten List of Intellectual Property Protection -- Eli Whitney -- 1 Overview of Intellectual Property Law -- 1.1 Defining "Intellectual Propertý -- 1.2 Specific Intellectual Property Vehicles -- 1.2.1 Patents -- 1.2.2 Trademarks and Service Marks -- 1.2.3 Copyrights -- 1.2.4 Trade Secrets -- 1.2.5 Mask Works for Semiconductors -- 1.3 Which Form of Intellectual Property Protection to Use? -- Cyrus McCormick -- 2 The Use of Intellectual Property in Business -- 2.1 Introduction to Intellectual Property Strategies -- 2.2 Objectives of Intellectual Property Management -- 2.3 Sole Inventor in an Alien Field -- 2.4 Strategic Development of Intellectual Property -- 2.5 Disgorging Patentable Inventions -- 2.6 Determining What and What Not to Patent -- 2.6.1 Search Results -- 2.6.2 Business Factors Determining Whether to Obtain Patent Protection -- 2.7 Determining Who Would Be an Appropriate Licensee to Exploit Your Invention -- 2.8 Drafting Strategic Patent Claims -- 2.9 Determining Where to Obtain Patents -- 2.10 Determining Other Industries Which May Benefit from a License -- 2.11 Ensuring Your Product Does Not Violate the Patent Rights of Others -- 2.12 Policing the Market for Potential Infringements of Your Patents -- 2.13 The Enforcement of Process Patent Claims Against an Importer of a Product Made Abroad -- 2.14 Trimming the Intellectual Property Tree -- 2.15 Essay on Innovation Management -- Charles Goodyear -- 3 How to Read and Obtain Information from a Modern U.S. Patent -- 3.1 Information Page -- 3.2 Drawings -- 3.3 Specification -- 3.4 Claims -- 3.5 Warning -- George Westinghouse -- 4 Introduction to Patents -- 4.1 Brief History of Patent Protection -- 4.1.1 Early European Patent Custom -- 4.1.2 British Patent System -- 4.1.3 The U.S. Constitution and the Development of the Present U.S. Patent Examination System -- 4.2 Types of Patent Coverage -- 4.2.1 What Is a Patent? -- 4.2.2 Article or Apparatus Patents -- 4.2.3 Method or Process Patents.
4.2.4 Design Patents -- 4.2.5 Plant Patents -- 4.2.6 New Technologies -- 4.3 How to Determine What to Patent and What Not to Patent -- 4.3.1 Broadly, What Can and Cannot Be Patented Under the Law -- 4.3.2 From a Business Standpoint, What Should Be Patented -- 4.4 Broadly, What Data Goes Into a Patent -- 4.4.1 Describing the Background and Essential Elements of the Invention -- 4.4.2 Claiming the Invention -- 4.5 What a Patent Is Not -- 4.6 Inventions Relating to Atomic Weapons -- 4.7 The U.S. Government's Right to Practice Your Patented Invention -- John Deere -- 5 Patentable Subject Matter and Utility -- 5.1 What Constitutes Patentable Subject Matter -- 5.1.1 Categories of Patentable Subject Matter -- 5.1.2 The Invention Must Be Useful and Work for Its Intended Purpose -- 5.1.3 The Invention Must Be Novel Compared to the Prior Art -- 5.1.4 The Invention Must Be Non-Obvious Compared to the Prior Art -- 5.1.5 Brief Commentary on Recent Developments in Categories of Patentable Subject Matter -- 5.2 Utility--The Invention Must Be Useful -- Alfred Nobel -- 6 Novelty--The Invention Must Be New -- 6.1 Statutory Requirements -- 6.1.1 Time Limits for Filing a Patent Application 81 -- 6.1.2 Prior Art Activities of the Inventor and Others That Can Defeat Patent Rights -- 6.1.3 Prior Publications, U.S. and Foreign, as Prior Art -- 6.2 Protecting Foreign Patent Rights -- 6.3 Experimental Use Versus Actual Use of the Invention -- Louis Pasteur -- 7 Requirement of Non-Obviousness for Patentability -- 7.1 Development of the Standard of Non-Obviousness -- 7.2 Historical Background -- 7.3 Supreme Court Cases Predating the Section 103 Non-Obviousness Test -- 7.3.1 Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, Supreme Court, 1850 94 -- 7.3.2 Atlantic Works v. Brady, Supreme Court, 1882 94 -- 7.3.3 Goodyear Rubber and Tire Company v. Ray-O-Vac Company, Supreme Court, 1944 -- 7.3.4 Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation, Supreme Court, 1941 -- 7.3.5 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company v. Supermarket Equipment Corporation, Supreme Court, 1950.
7.4 The 1952 Patent Statute and the Case of Graham v. John Deere Company -- Alexander Graham Bell -- 8 The Patenting Process -- 8.1 Who May Obtain a Patent -- 8.1.1 Inventorship and Ownership -- 8.1.2 True Inventors Must Be Named -- 8.2 Proper Documentation of the Invention -- 8.2.1 Conception -- 8.2.2 Reduction to Practice -- 8.2.3 Witnesses -- 8.3 The Invention Disclosure and Invention Disclosure Meeting -- 8.3.1 Preparation of a Complete Description of the Invention, How the Invention Operates, and What Advantageous Results Are Obtained by the Invention -- 8.3.2 Dates of First Public Disclosure, If Any, and What Was Disclosed -- 8.3.3 Advantages of the Invention Over Known Devices/Processes -- 8.3.4 What Prior Art Is the Inventor Aware of for Disclosure to the Patent Examiner -- 8.3.5 Additional Matters Discussed During the Invention Disclosure Meeting Between the Inventor and the Patent Attorney -- 8.3.6 Invention Disclosure Form -- Thomas Edison -- 9 Novelty, Infringement, and Other Searches -- 9.1 The Novelty Search -- 9.2 Search Parameters -- 9.3 Different Types of Searches -- 9.3.1 Infringement Search -- 9.3.2 State-of-the-Art Search -- 9.3.3 Right to Use Search -- 9.4 Database Searches -- 9.4.1 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Patent Classification System -- George Eastman -- 10 Patent Application -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Registration System Evolving into an Examination System -- 10.3 Goal of a Properly Prepared Patent Application -- 10.4 Provisional Patent Applications -- 10.5 Regular, Non-Provisional Patent Application -- 10.6 Content of a Regular Patent Application -- 10.6.1 Title of the Invention -- 10.6.2 Cross-Reference to Other Applications -- 10.6.3 Background of the Invention -- 10.6.4 Brief Summary of the Important Elements of the Invention -- 10.6.5 Brief Description of the Drawings Which Illustrate the Invention -- 10.6.6 Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiment of the Invention -- 10.6.7 Claims Distinctly and Precisely Pointing Out the Definition of the Invention.
10.6.8 The Abstract -- 10.7 Your Review of Your Patent Application -- 10.8 Execution of Declaration, Power of Attorney, and Assignment When Application Completed -- Ottmar Mergenthaler -- 11 Claims of a Patent Application -- 11.1 Introduction to Patent Claims -- 11.2 Historical Development of Patent Claims -- 11.2.1 Court Decisions -- 11.2.2 1836 Patent Law -- 11.3 What Claims Are -- 11.4 Your Review of the Claims of Your Patent Application -- 11.5 Distinguishing Different Types of Claims -- 11.6 More on Method or Process Claims -- 11.7 Composition of Matter Claims -- 11.8 Design Patent Claim -- 11.9 Dependent Claims -- 11.10 How to Read and Understand Patent Claims Drafted by Your Patent Attorney -- 11.10.1 Preamble -- 11.10.2 Transition Phrase -- 11.10.3 The Body of the Claim -- Nicolaus Otto -- Rudolf Diesel -- 12 Prosecution of a Patent Application -- 12.1 U.S. Patent Examination Process -- 12.2 The Patent Examination System--A Little More History -- 12.3 Filing the Patent Application With the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office -- 12.4 Examination of the Patent Application -- 12.5 Results of the Examination Are Reported in an "Office Actioń -- 12.6 Your and Your Attorney's Response to the Office Action -- 12.7 Further Patent Prosecution -- 12.8 Issuance of the Patent -- 12.9 Infringement During Dependency of the Patent -- 12.10 Additional Probable Patent Prosecution Events -- 12.10.1 Continuation Patent Applications -- 12.10.2 Continuation-in-Part Patent Applications -- 12.10.3 Divisional Patent Applications -- 12.11 Re-Examination By the Applicant, the Infringer, or the Commissioner of Patents -- 12.12 Re-Issue Patents -- Nikola Tesla -- 13 Design Patents -- 13.1 Coverage of Design Patents -- 13.2 Infringement of a Design Patent -- 13.3 Importance of Design Patents -- 13.4 Examples of Design Patents -- 13.5 Design Patents on Computer Screen Icons -- 13.6 Design Patents Contrasted With Copyrights -- Herman Hollerith -- 14 Protection of Computer-Related Inventions.
14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Torturous Path Through the Courts -- 14.2.1 Gottschalk v. Benson, 1972 -- 14.2.2 Diamond v. Diehr, 1981 -- 14.2.3 Arrhythmia v. Corazonix, 1992 -- 14.2.4 In re: Alappat, 1994 -- 14.2.5 The Guidelines -- 14.2.6 The State Street "Finalé -- 14.2.7 The "Mathematical Algorithḿ Exception Analysis of State Street -- 14.2.8 AT&T v. Excel Communications -- 14.3 Proper Protection of Computer-Related Software -- 14.3.1 How to Prepare a Proper Patent Application Covering Computer-Related Inventions -- 14.3.2 Claims -- 14.3.3 Determination of Whether a Computer-Related Invention Defines Patentable Subject Matter Under the Patent Laws -- 14.3.4 Functional Descriptive Material: "Data Structureś Representing Descriptive Material per se or Computer Programs Representing Computer Listings per se -- 14.3.5 Non-Functional Descriptive Material -- 14.3.6 Natural Phenomena Such As Electricity and Magnetism -- 14.4 Statutory Subject Matter -- 14.4.1 Types of Claimed Subject Matter -- 14.4.2 Safe Harbors -- 14.4.3 Computer-Related Processes Limited to a Practical Application in the Technological Arts -- 14.5 Preparing a Patent Application for the Computer-Related Invention -- 14.5.1 Claims of the Patent Application of a Computer-Related -- Invention Must Set Forth the Subject Matter the Inventor Considers as the Invention -- 14.5.2 Computer-Related Patent Application Must Contain an Adequate Written Description and an Enabling Disclosure -- 14.6 The Computer-Related Invention Must Still Be Novel and Non-Obvious -- 14.7 Computer Programming and a Sufficient Disclosure -- 14.7.1 What Constitutes an Adequate Disclosure in Computer Programming Patent Applications -- 14.7.2 Affidavit or Declaration Practice -- 14.7.3 Referencing Prior Art Documents -- Hedy Lamarr -- 15 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions -- 15.1 Development of Biotechnology -- 15.2 The Supreme Court, the U.S. Patent Office, and Biotechnology Inventions -- 15.3 DNA -- 15.4 Science, Religion, and Living Organism Patents.
15.5 Examples of Biotechnology Patent Claims -- 15.6 Enablement and Written Description Requirements in Biotechnology Patent Applications -- 15.7 Biotechnology Industry and Patents -- 15.8 Medical Procedures -- Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins -- 16 Business Method Protection -- 16.1 Business Methods Constitute Patentable Subject Matter -- 16.2 Foreign Business Method and Software Patents -- 16.3 Preparing a Proper Business Method Patent Application -- Wilbur and Orville Wright -- 17 Foreign Patent Protection -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Traditional System of Obtaining Foreign Patents -- 17.3 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) -- 17.4 Broad Provisions of the Patent Cooperation Treaty -- 17.5 National Patent Laws and the PCT: Differences and Alterations -- 17.6 European Patent Convention (EPC) -- 17.7 Communications to Foreign Non-Attorney Patent Agent -- Robert Goddard -- 18 Enforcement of the Patent Right -- 18.1 Patent Clearance Process -- 18.1.1 Infringement Search and the Non-Infringement Opinion Letter -- 18.1.2 "Right-to-Usé or "Knock-Out́ Search -- 18.2 Attempt to Design Around a Patent; Most Infringers Do Not Slavishly Copy the Patented Invention -- 18.3 Literal Infringement of a Patent Claim -- 18.4 "Doctrine of Equivalents,́ Where the Claim Is Not Literally Infringed -- 18.4.1 How the Doctrine of Equivalents Works -- 18.4.2 Limits on the Doctrine of Equivalents -- 18.5 Defenses to a Charge of Infringement -- 18.5.1 Non-Infringement -- 18.5.2 Patent Invalidity -- 18.5.3 Unenforceability of the Patent -- 18.6 Penalties and Damages For Patent Infringement -- 18.7 Marking the Patented Product with the Patent Number -- Charles Kettering -- 19 Ownership and Transfer of Patent Rights -- 19.1 Inventorship, Ownership, and Assignment of Patent Rights -- 19.1.1 Patent Right as an Asset -- 19.1.2 Initial Ownership of the Patent Right -- 19.1.3 Shop Rights -- 19.2 Patent Licensing -- 19.2.1 Difference Between a Patent Assignment and License.
19.2.2 When to Think "Licensé -- 19.2.3 Developing a Relationship With a Licensee -- 19.2.4 Selection of an Appropriate Licensee -- 19.2.5 Primary License Negotiation and Agreement Considerations -- 19.2.6 Additional License Considerations -- 19.2.7 Acts Causing Termination of the License -- 19.2.8 Grant Back Clauses -- 19.3 Conclusion -- Philo Farnsworth -- 20 Employment Contracts and Non-Compete Restrictions -- 20.1 Employment Contract Provisions Relating to Intellectual Property -- 20.2 Ownership of Intellectual Property -- 20.2.1 Inventions -- 20.2.2 Copyrightable Works of Creative Authorship -- 20.3 Confidentiality Agreements and Provisions -- 20.4 Outside Information Received by the Employee or Employer -- 20.5 Non-Compete Provisions -- 20.6 Enforceability of a Non-Compete Agreement -- 20.7 Inevitable Disclosure -- 20.8 Form Agreements -- 20.9 Consultants -- William Lear -- 21 The Engineer and Scientist as Expert Witness; and Ethics -- 21.1 The Engineer and Scientist as Expert Witness -- 21.1.1 Need for Experts -- 21.1.2 Expert Assistance by Engineers and Scientists in Complex Litigation -- 21.1.3 Expert Depositions -- 21.1.4 Deciding Whether You Can Provide the Requisite Expert Assistance -- 21.1.5 Expert Witness Fees -- 21.2 Ethics -- 21.2.1 Professional Societies -- 21.2.2 Code of Ethics -- 21.2.3 Brief Comments Regarding the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics for Engineers -- 21.2.4 Comparing the Law and Ethics -- 21.2.5 Recruiting Practices -- Luther Burbank -- 22 Copyrights as a Vehicle for Technology Protection -- 22.1 Brief History of Copyright Law -- 22.1.1 Pre-U.S. Constitution English Law -- 22.1.2 U.S. Constitution and Statutes -- 22.2 Nature of Copyrights -- 22.2.1 What a Copyright Is, and Is Not -- 22.2.2 Intangible Rights in a Work Embodied in a Tangible Medium -- 22.2.3 Moral Rights -- 22.2.4 Protecting the Balance Between the Public and the Author -- 22.2.5 Requirements of Copyrightable Subject Matter -- 22.3 Exclusive Rights.
22.4 Fair Use -- 22.5 Infringement -- 22.6 Notice -- 22.7 Registration and Its Importance -- 22.8 The Duration of Intangible Rights of Copyright -- 22.9 Works For Hire -- 22.10 Copyright Registration for Computer Programs -- 22.10.1 Protecting Computer Programs That Do Not Contain Trade Secrets -- 22.10.2 Computer Programs Containing Trade Secrets -- 22.10.3 Screen Displays -- 22.10.4 Patent, Copyright, and Trade Secret Protection in Computer Software -- 22.10.5 Contracts and "Shrink-Wraṕ Licenses -- 22.11 Copyright Registration for Automated Databases -- 22.12 Copyright Registration for Online Works -- 22.12.1 Revisions and Updates -- 22.12.2Databases -- 22.12.3 Serials and Newsletters -- 22.13 Architectural Works -- John Bardeen,Walter Brattain, and William Shockley -- 23 The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA)--An Overview -- 23.1 Purpose of the DMCA -- 23.2 Circumvention of Technological Protection Measures -- 23.2.1 General Approach -- 23.2.2 Exceptions to the Prohibitions -- 23.3 Copyright Management Information -- 23.4 Remedies -- 23.5 Additional Provisions of the DMCA -- 23.6 Example of Potential Conflict -- Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce -- 24 Mask Work Protection -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984 -- 24.3 Mask Works Generally -- 24.4 Subject Matter of Mask Work Protection -- 24.5 Ownership, Transfer, and Licensing of the Mask Work -- 24.6 Duration of Protection -- 24.7 Rights of Ownership in a Mask Work -- 24.8 Limitations on Exclusive Rights, Reverse Engineering, and First Sale -- 24.9 Mask Work Notice -- 24.10 Infringement of Mask Work Protection Rights -- 24.11 General Comments About Mask Work Protection -- Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, and Stanley Mazor -- 25 Trade Secrets -- 25.1 Introduction to Trade Secrets -- 25.2 Development of Trade Secret Law -- 25.3 Nature of a Trade Secret -- 25.4 Definition of a "Trade Secret́ -- 25.5 Establishment of an Enforceable Trade Secret Right -- 25.6 Even Threatened Trade Secret Theft Can Be Stopped.
25.7 Creating a Meaningful Trade Secret Protection Program -- 25.8 Damages and Injunctions -- 25.9 Confidence -- Stephen Wozniak -- 26 Trademarks -- 26.1 Origin of the Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks -- 26.2 Trademark Adoption and Selection Process -- 26.2.1 Creating a Trademark -- 26.2.2 Screening or Narrowing Step -- 26.2.3 Clearance Process for Determining the Availability of a Trademark for Your Use -- 26.3 Filing For Registration of Your Trademark -- 26.4 Protecting and Maintaining Your Trademark Registration -- 26.5 Trademark Protection Outside of the United States -- 26.6 Overview of the Madrid Protocol--The "Internationaĺ Trademark -- Percy Julian -- 27 Cybersquatting -- 27.1 Trademark Venturi Caused by the Internet -- 27.2 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) -- 27.3 ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy -- Current Events -- Bibliography -- Index.
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Intellectual property : a very short introduction / / Siva Vaidhyanathan
