Solids Process Design and Management, 2nd Edition

• Autore: Federation Water Environment
• Pubblicazione: Chicago : , : Water Environment Federation, , 2023; ©2023
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (993 pages)
• Disciplina: 628
• Soggetto topico: Sewage--Purification; Sewage disposal plants Management; Sewage sludge
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.0 Background -- 2.0 Scope and Process -- 3.0 References -- Chapter 2 Considerations for Planning of Biosolids Management Projects -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Federal and State Regulations -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Part 503 Standards-Class A and Class B Biosolids -- 2.3 Pathogen Reduction -- 2.3.1 Pathogen Reduction to Achieve Class A -- 2.3.2 Pathogen Reduction to Achieve Class B -- 2.4 Vector Attraction Reduction -- 2.5 Numeric Limits for Metals -- 2.6 State Regulations -- 3.0 Basis for a Biosolids Management Plan -- 4.0 Project Financing -- 5.0 The Planning Effort -- 6.0 Required Permits and Applicable Building Codes -- 7.0 Emerging Issues -- 8.0 Environmental Management Systems -- 8.1 The Challenges -- 8.2 Management Overview (or Ensuring Management Support) -- 8.2.1 Management Policy and Support -- 8.2.2 Goals and Objectives for Continual Improvement -- 8.2.3 Roles and Responsibilities -- 8.2.4 Management Review -- 8.3 Quality Management Practices -- 8.3.1 Best Management Practice Guidelines -- 8.3.2 Safe Practices Manual Guidelines -- 8.3.3 Environmental Aspects and Critical Control Points -- 8.3.4 Operational Controls -- 8.3.5 Monitoring and Measurement -- 8.3.6 Documentation and Recordkeeping -- 8.3.7 Auditing, Nonconformance, Preventive and Corrective Action -- 8.3.8 Emergency Preparedness and Response -- 8.4 Relationships With Interested Parties -- 8.4.1 Public Participation -- 8.4.2 Communication and Outreach (Internal, External, Regulatory) -- 8.4.3 Training -- 8.4.4 Regulatory Compliance/Legal Requirements -- 9.0 References -- 10.0 Suggested Readings -- Chapter 3 Public Outreach and Involvement -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Public Outreach and Involvement Basics -- 2.1 When Is Public Outreach and Involvement Needed?. ; 2.2 Siting a Biosolids Program and Community Acceptance -- 2.3 Managing Public Involvement -- 2.4 Responsibility to Protect the Public's Investment -- 2.5 Time and Money Commitments for Public Outreach and Involvement -- 2.6 Extent of Public Outreach and Involvement -- 2.7 Benefits of Public Outreach and Involvement -- 2.8 Risk Assessment and Risk Perception -- 2.9 Risk Communication -- 2.10 Building Trust -- 3.0 Action Items for Effective Public Outreach and Involvement -- 3.1 Consult Available Resources -- 3.2 Start Public Outreach and Involvement Right Away -- Case Study: Siting a Biosolids Composting Facility -- 3.3 Ensure That the Project Team Is Committed to the Process -- 3.4 Identify Stakeholders -- 3.5 Listening to Learn from Stakeholders and the Community -- 3.5.1 Mental Models (Focused Interviews or Dialogue Method) -- 3.5.2 Focus Groups -- 3.5.3 Opinion Polling -- 3.5.4 Informal Methods for Listening and Learning -- 3.6 Continue Public Outreach and Involvement -- 3.7 Communicating -- 3.8 Quality -- 3.9 Independent Evaluation and Monitoring -- 3.10 Evaluating a Public Outreach and Involvement Program -- Case Study: Denver's Biosolids Land Application Program -- 4.0 Special Circumstances -- 4.1 Public Outreach and Involvement in Ongoing Operations -- 4.2 Public Reactions to Odors -- 4.3 Working With the Media -- 4.4 Crisis Communications -- 4.5 Working With Elected Officials -- 4.6 Dealing With Dedicated Opponents and Other Agendas -- 4.7 Public Outreach and Involvement Is Part of a Strong Legal Defense -- 4.8 Conclusion: Building Relationships for the Long Term -- 5.0 References -- 6.0 Suggested Readings -- Chapter 4 Solids Production and Characterization -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Sources of Solids in Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1 Preliminary Treatment -- 2.2 Primary Treatment -- 2.3 Secondary Treatment -- 2.4 Tertiary Treatment. ; 2.5 Scum and Grease -- 3.0 Typical Analyses for Wastewater Solids -- 3.1 Sampling -- 3.1.1 Methods -- 3.1.2 Potential Biases and Errors in Biosolids Sampling -- 3.2 Constituents Found in Solids -- 3.3 Methods of Analysis -- 3.4 Physical Properties -- 3.5 Biological Properties -- 3.6 Chemical Properties -- 3.7 Additional Analytical Considerations -- 3.7.1 Pollutant Limits -- 3.7.2 Microconstituents -- 4.0 Typical Solids Characteristics -- 4.1 Preliminary Treatment -- 4.2 Primary Treatment -- 4.3 Secondary Treatment -- 4.3.1 Conventional Activated Sludge -- 4.3.2 Extended Air/Oxidation Ditch -- 4.3.3 Biological Nutrient Removal -- 4.3.4 Fixed-Film/Hybrid Processes -- 4.3.5 Membrane Bioreactors -- 4.3.6 Tertiary Treatment -- 5.0 Estimation of Wastewater Solids Quantities -- 5.1 Criteria Used for Solids Processing Design -- 5.1.1 Annual Average -- 5.1.2 Maximum Month -- 5.1.3 Peak Week -- 5.1.4 Peak Day -- 5.1.5 Hours of Operation -- 5.2 Typical Quantities of Solids -- 5.3 Methods for Estimating Solids Quantities -- 5.3.1 Overview -- 5.3.2 Analysis of Historical Data -- 5.3.3 Empirical Sludge Estimation Techniques -- 5.3.4 Theoretical Model-Based Estimation -- 5.3.4.1 Influent Wastewater Characteristics -- 5.3.4.2 Primary -- 5.3.4.3 Biological -- 5.3.5 Comprehensive Simulation Models -- 5.3.6 Additional Factors Affecting Sludge Production -- 6.0 References -- 7.0 Suggested Reading -- Chapter 5 Design Approach -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Design Project Phases -- 2.1 Small Design Projects -- 2.2 Large Design Projects -- 2.3 Typical Phases of a Design Project -- 2.4 Design Processes and Activities -- 2.5 Required Design Processes -- 3.0 Process Selection -- 3.1 Relevant Criteria for Solids Process Selection -- 3.2 Identification of System Options -- 3.3 Biosolids Process Selection-Evaluation -- 3.3.1 Developing Alternatives -- 3.3.2 Screening Alternatives. ; 3.3.3 Collecting Meaningful, Reliable Data -- 3.3.4 Evaluating Screened Alternatives -- 3.3.5 Developing Plan to Proceed With Selected Alternative -- 4.0 Mass Balances and Process Schematics -- 4.1 Mass Balance Approach to Solids Processing -- 4.1.1 Generation of Wastewater Treatment Residuals -- 4.1.2 Interfaces Between Biosolids Handling and Treatment -- 4.2 Process Schematic Approach -- 4.2.1 Example 1-Secondary Treatment With Activated Sludge, Dewatering of Waste Activated Sludge, and Landfilling of Raw Solids -- 4.2.2 Example 2-Primary Clarification with Activated Sludge, Thickening of Waste Activated Sludge, Anaerobic Digestion, and Land Application of Digested Biosolids -- 4.2.3 Example 3-Oxidation Ditch, Aerobic Digestion, Dewatering, and Land Application of Class B, Cake Biosolids -- 5.0 Equipment Selection and Sizing -- 5.1 Evaluating Equipment -- 5.2 Integration of Equipment Into Selected Process -- 5.3 Specifying Equipment Features and Options -- 5.4 Established, Innovative, and Embryonic Equipment -- 6.0 Contingency Planning -- 6.1 Designing for Emergency Conditions -- 6.2 Process and Equipment Redundancy -- 6.3 Developing a Contingency Plan -- 7.0 Other Design Considerations -- 7.1 Site Variations -- 7.2 Energy Conservation and Recovery -- 7.3 Cost-Effective Analyses -- 7.4 Design Checklists -- 8.0 References -- 9.0 Suggested Readings -- Chapter 6 Conveyance of Wastewater Residuals -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Pumping and Pipelines -- 2.1 Sources and Properties of Residuals -- 2.2 Application of Rheology to Sludge Pumping Problems -- 2.3 Head Loss Calculations for Pumping of Non-Newtonian Sludges -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Head Losses From Pumping Dilute Residuals -- 2.3.3 Head Losses From Pumping Thickened Residuals -- 2.3.3.1 Simplified Head Loss Calculations -- 2.3.3.2 Using Known Equations for Water. ; 2.3.3.3 Using Yield Stress and Coefficient of Rigidity -- 2.3.3.4 Obtaining the System Properties -- 2.3.3.5 Laminar Flow -- 2.3.3.6 Laminar, Transition, and Turbulent Flow -- 2.3.3.7 Field Pumping Studies and Long-Distance Pumping -- 2.3.3.8 Solved Example 1: Laminar Flow -- 2.3.3.9 Solved Example 2: Transition/Turbulent Flow -- 2.3.3.10 Solved Example 3: Laminar and Turbulent Flow -- 2.3.4 Head Losses From Pumping Dewatered Residuals -- 2.4 Overview of Residuals Pumping Equipment -- 2.5 Application of Sludge Pumps -- 2.6 Pipe, Fittings, and Valves -- 2.7 Inline Grinding -- 2.8 Line Lubrication -- 2.9 Experience and Design Guidelines for Long-Distance Pumping of Liquid Residuals -- 2.9.1 Experience -- 2.9.2 Design Guidance -- 2.10 Case Studies of Dewatered Cake Pumping -- 3.0 Conveyor Systems -- 4.0 Overview of Design and Control Considerations for Residuals Conveyance Systems -- 5.0 Odors -- 6.0 References -- Chapter 7 Chemical Conditioning -- 1.0 Introduction -- 2.0 Types of Water in Biosolids -- 2.1 Free Water -- 2.2 Bound Water -- 2.3 Vicinal Water -- 2.4 Interstitial Water -- 2.5 Capillary Water -- 2.6 Removing Water From Biosolids -- 3.0 Factors Affecting Conditioning -- 3.1 Residuals Characteristics -- 3.1.1 Source of Residuals -- 3.1.2 Solids Concentration -- 3.1.3 Alkalinity and pH -- 3.1.4 Extracellular Polymeric Substances -- 3.1.5 Particle Size and Distribution -- 3.1.6 Degree of Hydration -- 3.1.7 Particle Surface Charge -- 3.1.8 Wastewater Cations -- 3.1.9 Rheology -- 3.2 Inorganic Chemical Addition -- 3.2.1 Ferric Chloride and Alum -- 3.2.2 Struvite Control -- 3.3 Handling and Processing Conditions Before Conditioning -- 3.3.1 Storage -- 3.3.2 Pumping -- 3.3.3 Mixing -- 3.4 Ultimate Disposal or Use of Solids -- 4.0 Types of Chemical Conditioning -- 4.1 Inorganic Chemicals -- 4.1.1 Lime and Its Characteristics -- 4.1.2 Ferric Salts. ; 4.1.3 Ferric Salts with Lime.
• Sommario/riassunto: The second edition of this publication is intended for use by professionals engaged in the design, approval, and operation of municipal solids treatment and disposal systems in utilities of all sizes. It includes updated information to accounting for the recent changes and improvements in technology and regulatory environment policies. Chapters include updated solids incineration, dewatering information improvements, updates to solar drying information, regulatory environmental policies, utility management, technological advancements, planning, public outreach and involvement, solids production and characterization, design approach, conveyance, conditioning, thickening, waste minimization, anaerobic and aerobic digestion, composting, alkaline treatment, disinfection and stabilization, thermal drying, thermal oxidation, pyrolysis and gasification, transport and storage, odor management, side streams, instrumentation and monitoring, land application and product distribution, landfill management, emerging technologies, and treatment and utilization of green gases.
• Titolo autorizzato: Solids Process Design and Management, 2nd Edition
• ISBN: 9781523155705; 1523155701; 9781572784482; 1572784482
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911007288703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II