Industrial Water Reclamation and Reuse to Minimize Liquid Discharge

• Autore: Federation Water Environment
• Pubblicazione: Chicago : , : Water Environment Federation, , 2021; ©2021
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (537 pages)
• Disciplina: 628.162
• Soggetto topico: Industrial water supply; Sewage--Industrial applications; Water reuse
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF TABLES -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.0 OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE -- 2.0 ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK -- 3.0 WATER USE AND REUSE -- 4.0 WATER REUSE DRIVERS -- 5.0 OVERVIEW OF REGULATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL WATER REUSE -- 6.0 WATER REUSE OPPORTUNITIES -- 7.0 WATER REUSE OPTIONS AND WATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS -- 8.0 WATER RECYCLE TECHNOLOGIES -- 8.1 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT -- 8.2 PRECIPITATION -- 8.3 SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION -- 8.4 MEMBRANE FILTRATION -- 8.5 ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE -- 8.6 REVERSE OSMOSIS -- 8.7 FORWARD OSMOSIS -- 8.8 ADVANCED OXIDATION -- 9.0 CHALLENGES OF WATER REUSE -- 10.0 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2 PLANNING FOR WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY -- 1.1 WATER USE BY SECTOR -- 1.1.1 FOOD AND BEVERAGE -- 1.1.2 POWER GENERATION -- 1.1.3 OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND MINING -- 1.1.4 REFINING AND CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING -- 1.1.5 TEXTILES -- 1.1.6 PHARMACEUTICALS -- 1.1.7 AUTOMOTIVE, AEROSPACE, AND LOCOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING -- 1.1.8 ELECTRONICS AND DATA PROCESSING -- 1.2 INCENTIVES FOR WATER CONSERVATION, RECYCLING, AND REUSE -- 1.3 CONFIRMING THE COMMITMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND STAFF -- 2.0 MAPPING WATER USE AND WASTEWATER DISCHARGES -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 OVERVIEW OF WATER REUSE OPPORTUNITIES -- 2.2.1 REDUCE: CUTTING BACK ON WATER USE -- 2.2.2 REUSE: "DIRECT" USE OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER -- 2.2.3 RECYCLE: TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER SO IT CAN BE USED AGAIN -- 2.2.4 REDUCE FIRST! -- 2.3 QUANTIFYING WATER DEMANDS AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS -- 2.3.1 WASHING AND RINSING -- 2.3.2 COOLING -- 2.3.3 MANUFACTURING -- 2.4 IDENTIFYING WASTEWATER DISCHARGES -- 2.4.1 CONFIRM WASTEWATER FLOWS -- 2.4.2 CHARACTERIZE WASTEWATER CONSTITUENTS -- 2.4.3 LOCATE SEPARATED AND COMBINED WASTE STREAMS. ; 3.0 DEVELOPING TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE APPLICATIONS -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 MATCHING WASTEWATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- 3.3 MATCHING WASTEWATER QUALITY AND USE -- 3.3.1 DIRECT REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER -- 3.3.2 TREATING RECYCLED WATER FOR REUSE -- 3.4 PRELIMINARY SCREENING AND DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES -- 4.0 EVALUATING PROJECT ALTERNATIVES -- 4.1 QUANTITATIVE COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 4.1.1 DIRECT COSTS AND SAVINGS -- 4.1.2 RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT -- 4.1.3 UTILITY SAVINGS AND THE TRUE COST OF WATER -- 4.1.4 ENERGY DEMAND EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF GREENHOUSE GASES -- 4.1.5 OPERATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND EFFECT ON EXISTING PRODUCTION -- 4.2 QUALITATIVE COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 4.2.1 PERMITTING COMPLEXITY -- 4.2.2 FUTURE FLEXIBILITY -- 4.2.3 RELIABILITY AND RESILIENCY -- 4.2.4 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT -- 4.2.5 CONSERVATION, REGIONAL REUSE PROJECTS, AND NO-PROJECT ALTERNATIVE -- 4.3 ASSESSING COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 4.3.1 PAYBACK PERIOD -- 4.3.2 RETURN ON INVESTMENT -- 4.3.3 TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE AND SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT -- 4.4 COMPARING ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT SCHEMES -- 4.4.1 DECISION SUPPORT MATRIX -- 4.4.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS -- 5.0 MAKING THE BUSINESS CASE FOR REUSE -- 5.1 HOW BUSINESS DECISIONS ARE MADE -- 5.2 MAKING THE BUSINESS CASE -- 5.3 WHO ARE THE DECISION-MAKERS? -- 5.4 GOALS OF THE BUSINESS CASE -- 5.5 ADDRESS OBJECTIONS IN ADVANCE -- 6.0 CONCLUSION -- 7.0 REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS -- 1.0 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION AND FUNDAMENTALS -- 1.2 AEROBIC -- 1.2.1 SUSPENDED GROWTH -- 1.2.1.1 CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE -- 1.2.1.2 SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR -- 1.2.1.3 MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR -- 1.2.1.4 AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE -- 1.2.2 ATTACHED GROWTH (FIXED FILM) -- 1.2.2.1 TRICKLING FILTER -- 1.2.2.2 FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR -- 1.2.2.3 MOVING BED BIOREACTOR -- 1.2.3 HYBRID -- 1.3 ANAEROBIC. ; 1.3.1 UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET -- 1.3.2 ANAEROBIC FILTER -- 1.3.3 ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED BED -- 1.3.4 CO-DIGESTION AT WATER RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES -- 1.3.5 ANAEROBIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR -- 2.0 CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR SOLIDS/LIQUID SEPARATION -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.1.1 SETTLING VELOCITY-STOKE'S LAW -- 2.1.1.1 FLOC SIZE -- 2.1.1.2 SOLID/FLUID DIFFERENTIAL DENSITY -- 2.1.1.3 VISCOSITY OF FLUID AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE -- 2.1.2 "SOLIDS" IN WATER -- 2.1.2.1 SUSPENDED VERSUS SOLUBLE -- 2.1.2.2 SUSPENDED SOLIDS: SETTLEABLE VERSUS NONSETTLEABLE -- 2.1.2.3 SOLUBLE "SOLIDS": ORGANIC VERSUS INORGANIC -- 2.1.3 SURFACE CHARGE POTENTIAL -- 2.1.3.1 FIXED CHARGE LAYER -- 2.1.3.2 SHEAR PLANE, ZETA POTENTIAL -- 2.2 CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION -- 2.2.1 LIME AND LIME/SODA SOFTENING -- 2.2.2 HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION -- 2.2.3 SULFIDE PRECIPITATION -- 2.3 COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION -- 2.3.1 DEFINITION OF "COAGULATION" -- 2.3.1.1 FORCES OF ATTRACTION AND REPULSION -- 2.3.1.2 WHY COAGULATE? -- 2.3.1.3 HOW IS COAGULATION ACCOMPLISHED? -- 2.3.1.4 INORGANIC COAGULANTS -- 2.3.1.5 ORGANIC COAGULANTS -- 2.3.1.6 INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COAGULANTS COMPARED -- 2.3.2 FLOCCULATION -- 2.3.2.1 FLOCCULANT TYPES -- 2.3.2.2 FLOCCULANTS IN CLARIFICATION -- 2.3.2.3 FLOCCULANTS IN SLUDGE DEWATERING -- 2.3.2.4 NATURAL FLOCCULATION -- 2.4 SUMMARY -- 3.0 MECHANICAL TREATMENT FOR SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 SCREENING -- 3.2.1 STATIC SCREENS -- 3.2.2 ROTATING SCREENS -- 3.3 CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION -- 3.3.1 HYDROCYCLONES -- 3.3.2 CENTRIFUGAL FILTER -- 3.4 GRAVITY SEPARATION -- 3.4.1 SEDIMENTATION -- 3.4.2 BALLASTED CLARIFICATION -- 3.5 DISSOLVED GAS FLOTATION -- 3.6 FILTRATION -- 3.6.1 RAPID GRAVITY FILTERS -- 3.6.1.1 TYPES OF FILTER MEDIA -- 3.6.1.2 FILTER BACKWASHING -- 3.6.2 PRESSURE FILTERS -- 3.6.3 PRECOAT FILTERS -- 4.0 MEMBRANE FILTRATION -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION. ; 4.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION -- 4.2.1 WATER PERMEATION -- 4.2.2 TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE -- 4.2.3 MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY -- 4.2.4 PARTICLE SEPARATION -- 4.2.5 MEMBRANE COMPACTION -- 4.2.6 CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION -- 4.2.7 FLUX DECLINE MECHANISMS -- 4.2.8 FOULING -- 4.2.9 CROSSFLOW FILTRATION FOULING REDUCTION -- 4.2.10 COLLOIDAL FOULING -- 4.2.11 ORGANIC FOULING -- 4.2.12 BIOFOULING -- 4.2.13 COAGULANT AID POLYMER FOULING -- 4.3 MEMBRANE FILTRATION UNITS -- 4.3.1 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION -- 4.3.1.1 POLYMERIC MEMBRANES -- 4.3.1.2 INORGANIC MEMBRANES -- 4.3.2 MEMBRANE GEOMETRIES -- 4.3.3 MEMBRANE PROCESS CONFIGURATION -- 4.3.4 MEMBRANE FLOW CONFIGURATION -- 4.3.5 MEMBRANE OPERATING CONFIGURATION -- 4.3.5.1 DEAD-END FILTRATION -- 4.3.5.2 CROSSFLOW FILTRATION -- 4.3.5.3 SUBMERGED FILTRATION -- 4.4 MEMBRANE SYSTEMS DESIGN -- 4.4.1 FACILITY-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS -- 4.4.1.1 FEED WATER CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY VARIABILITY -- 4.4.1.2 TREATED WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY -- 4.4.1.3 AVAILABILITY AND RELIABILITY -- 4.4.1.4 AUTOMATION AND CONTROL -- 4.4.2 SPECIFIC MEMBRANE SYSTEM DESIGN -- 4.4.2.1 PRETREATMENT TO MICROFILTRATION/ULTRAFILTRATION -- 4.4.2.2 FOULANT, PARTICULATE, AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONTROL -- 4.4.2.3 FEED WATER STREAM CONDITIONING -- 4.4.2.4 OPERATING SUSTAINABLE MEMBRANE FLUX -- 4.4.2.5 MEMBRANE BACKWASHING -- 4.4.2.6 MEMBRANE CLEANING -- 4.4.2.7 MEMBRANE LIFE AND WARRANTY -- 4.4.3 MEMBRANE TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN -- 4.4.3.1 PILOT TESTING -- 4.4.3.2 BUILDING LAYOUT -- 4.4.3.3 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION -- 4.4.3.4 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL -- 4.4.3.5 CLEAN-IN-PLACE -- 4.4.3.6 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL -- 4.4.3.7 EQUIPMENT SELECTION -- 4.5 MEMBRANE FILTRATION FACILITY OPERATION -- 4.5.1 CONTROLLING MICROFILTRATION/ULTRAFILTRATION FACILITIES -- 4.5.2 DATA COLLECTION, RECORDKEEPING, AND PROCESS MONITORING. ; 4.5.3 MAINTAINING PRODUCTIVITY AND FILTRATE QUALITY -- 4.6 MEMBRANE FILTRATION APPLICATIONS -- 4.6.1 PRETREATMENT TO REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOFILTRATION -- 4.6.2 STANDALONE TREATMENT PROCESSES -- 4.6.3 INTEGRATED CHEMICAL PRECIPITATIVE PROCESS -- 4.6.4 POLYELECTROLYTE-ENHANCED ULTRAFILTRATION AND MICELLAR-ENHANCED ULTRAFILTRATION -- 4.6.5 POLISHING MICROFILTRATION/ULTRAFILTRATION -- 4.7 COST OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION FACILITIES -- 5.0 ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 ADSORPTION -- 5.2.1 TYPES OF ADSORPTION -- 5.2.1.1 PHYSISORPTION -- 5.2.1.2 CHEMISORPTION -- 5.2.2 TYPES OF ADSORBENTS -- 5.2.3 CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES -- 5.2.3.1 DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING -- 5.2.3.2 LASER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS -- 5.2.3.3 PARTICLE IMAGING -- 5.2.3.4 SIEVE ANALYSIS OR GRADATION TEST -- 5.2.3.5 POROSIMETRY -- 5.2.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE -- 5.2.4.1 LANGMUIR ADSORPTION ISOTHERM -- 5.2.4.2 FREUNDLICH ADSORPTION ISOTHERM -- 5.3 ION EXCHANGE -- 5.3.1 ION EXCHANGE RESIN TYPES -- 5.3.1.1 STRONG ACID CATION EXCHANGER -- 5.3.1.2 WEAK ACID CATION EXCHANGER -- 5.3.1.3 STRONG BASE ANION EXCHANGER -- 5.3.1.4 WEAK BASE ANION EXCHANGER -- 5.3.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF RESINS -- 5.3.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE -- 5.4 DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT -- 5.4.1 CONFIGURATIONS -- 5.4.2 REGENERATION -- 5.5 APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES -- 5.5.1 GENERAL -- 5.5.2 CONTAMINANT SPECIFIC -- 5.6 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION -- 6.0 REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOFILTRATION FUNDAMENTALS AND USE IN MINIMAL LIQUID DISCHARGE PROCESSES -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE TREATMENT SYSTEMS -- 6.2 SEMIPERMEABLE THIN-FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANES -- 6.3 SPIRAL WOUND MODULE -- 6.4 REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM DESIGN -- 6.5 BRINE MANAGEMENT AND MINIMAL LIQUID DISCHARGE -- 6.6 SPECIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS/NANOFILTRATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS TO ACHIEVE MINIMAL LIQUID DISCHARGE. ; 6.7 MANAGING MEMBRANE FOULING.
• Sommario/riassunto: This WEF publication serves as a comprehensive summary of water reclamation technologies and practices for minimizing liquid discharge for a broad range of industries. It begins with an overview of factors influencing industry to seek to minimize liquid discharges, followed by a review of alternative technologies, performance expectations, management framework, sustainability tools, and concludes with case studies with input from academia, equipment manufacturers, consultants, and industry.
• Titolo autorizzato: Industrial Water Reclamation and Reuse to Minimize Liquid Discharge
• ISBN: 9781523140237; 1523140232; 9781572784185; 1572784180
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911007160203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II