Aeronautical technologies for the twenty-first century / / Committee on Aeronautical Technologies, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1992
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (313 p.)
• Disciplina: 629.13
• Soggetto topico: Aeronautics - Research - United States; Aeronautics - Technological innovations - United States
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-275) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century -- Copyright -- FOREWORD -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE -- NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE -- THE NASA CIVIL AERONAUTICS PROGRAM -- AIRCRAFT OF THE FUTURE -- Advanced Subsonic Aircraft -- High-Speed Civil Transports -- Short-Haul Aircraft -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES -- Environmental Issues -- Operational Issues -- AERONAUTICAL DISCIPLINES -- Aerodynamics -- Propulsion -- Materials and Structures -- Avionics and Controls -- Cognitive Engineering -- PART I: OVERVIEW -- 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY -- INTRODUCTION -- MAINTAINING A STRONG AERONAUTICS PROGRAM -- Economic Indicators in Air Transportation -- Benefits of Large Market Share -- REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTH -- THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY -- THE CURRENT NASA AERONAUTICS PROGRAM -- PART II: STATUS AND OUTLOOK BY INDUSTRY SEGMENT -- 2 SUBSONIC TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT INDUSTRY STATUS -- MARKET FORECAST -- BARRIER ISSUES -- Overall Cost -- System Capacity -- Environmental Compatibility -- NASA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO ADVANCED SUBSONIC TRANSPORTS -- Cost/Convenience -- System Capacity -- Environment -- Safety -- Aircraft Performance -- RECOMMENDED READING -- 3 HIGH-SPEED CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT INDUSTRY STATUS -- MARKET FORECAST -- BARRIERS -- Economic Viability -- Environmental Viability -- NASA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIGH-SPEED CIVIL TRANSPORT -- Environment -- Aircraft Performance -- 4 SHORT-HAUL AIRCRAFT -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT INDUSTRY STATUS -- The Commuter Market -- The Rotorcraft Market -- The General Aviation Market -- MARKET FORECAST -- Forecast for Commuter Aircraft -- Forecast for Rotorcraft -- Forecast for General Aviation Aircraft -- BARRIERS -- Barriers to Commuter Aircraft -- Barriers to Rotorcraft -- Barriers to General Aviation Aircraft. ; NASA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SHORT-HAUL AIRCRAFT -- Cost/Convenience -- System Capacity -- Environment -- Safety -- Aircraft Performance -- RECOMMENDED READING -- PART III: TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES -- 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- INTRODUCTION -- EMISSIONS -- NOISE -- SONIC BOOM -- RECOMMENDED READING -- 6 OPERATIONAL ISSUES -- INTRODUCTION -- AIRPORT CAPACITY -- AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM -- 7 AERODYNAMICS -- INTRODUCTION -- LOW SPEED AND HIGH LIFT FOR SUBSONIC CONFIGURATIONS -- SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT PROPULSION/AIRFRAME INTEGRATION -- AERODYNAMIC CRUISE PERFORMANCE -- Subsonic Aircraft Cruise Performance -- Laminar Flow Control -- Turbulent Drag Reduction -- Advanced Supercritical Airfoils -- Wing Design -- Winglets -- Status of Subsonic Technology -- Supersonic Aircraft Cruise Performance -- Laminar Flow Control -- Turbulence Models -- Sonic Boom -- Subsonic Cruise -- Status of Supersonic Technology -- LOW SPEED AND HIGH LIFT FOR SUPERSONIC CONFIGURATIONS -- SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT PROPULSION/AIRFRAME INTEGRATION -- Inlets -- Nozzles -- Noise -- AERODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF CONVENTIONAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING FLIGHT DYNAMICS -- Subsonic Aircraft -- Supersonic Aircraft -- AERODYNAMICS OF ROTORCRAFT -- State of the Art and Recent Progress -- Analytical Methods -- First-Principle CFD Codes -- Test Methodologies and Facilities -- Design Concepts for Conventional Rotorcraft -- Design Concepts for Convertible Rotorcraft -- Potential for Advancement and Major Challenges-Helicopters -- External Noise -- Vibration -- Internal Noise -- Aerodynamic Interaction -- Major Challenges/Innovative Approaches-Tiltrotors -- Wing Download -- Propulsion Efficiency -- Opportunities Common to Both Helicopters and Tiltrotors -- Composites in Rotor Design -- Aerodynamic Test Facilities -- Resources Required for Rotorcraft -- WIND TUNNEL, FLIGHT, AND AIR-BREATHING PROPULSION TEST FACILITIES. ; Existing Facilities -- Wind Tunnels -- Air-breathing Propulsion Facilities -- Flight Test Facilities -- Test Requirements for Future Systems -- Adequacy of Existing Test Facilities to Meet Requirements -- Low Speeds -- Transonic Regime -- Supersonic Regime -- Air-breathing Propulsion -- Computational Fluid Dynamics -- Recommendations for Test and Computational Facilities -- RECOMMENDED READING -- 8 PROPULSION -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPULSION FOR ADVANCED SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT -- State of the Art -- The Future -- Observations for Advanced Subsonic Aircraft -- Recommendations for Advanced Subsonic Aircraft -- PROPULSION FOR HIGH-SPEED CIVIL TRANSPORT -- Propulsion Technology Challenges -- Observations for High-Speed Civil Transport -- Recommendations for High-Speed Civil Transport -- PROPULSION FOR SHORT-HAUL AIRCRAFT -- 40-75-Passenger Aircraft Market to 2005 -- 19-35-Passenger Aircraft Market to 2005 -- Long-Term Regional Aircraft Market (2005-2020) -- SHORT TAKEOFF AND LANDING AND VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING SYSTEMS -- Engine Requirements -- Enabling Technologies -- Observations for Short-Haul Aircraft -- Recommendations for Short-Haul Aircraft -- HIGH-SPEED COMPUTATION FOR PROPULSION -- Role of NASA -- MATERIALS AND PROCESSING -- Drivers for Materials Development and Requirements for Application -- Special Economic Problems in Materials -- Manufacturing Issues -- Role of NASA in Materials and Manufacturing -- Recommendations for Propulsion Materials -- SMART ENGINES -- Active Fan and Compressor Stabilization -- Active Combustor Control -- Magnetic Bearings -- Active Noise Control -- Recommendations for Smart Engines -- TURBOMACHINERY COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY -- Fluid Mechanics of Turbomachine Elements -- Problems of Multistage Turbomachines -- Combined Computational Fluid Dynamics for Airfoil Rows -- Observations on NASA Turbomachinery Program. ; Recommendations for Turbomachinery -- COMBUSTORS AND EMISSIONS -- 9 MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES -- INTRODUCTION -- FUNDAMENTAL, BROADLY APPLICABLE RESEARCH -- Materials and Processes -- Metallics -- Composite Materials -- Structural Analysis and Design -- Fabrication -- Resin Matrix Composites -- Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites -- Fabrication Summary -- Test Methods -- Smart Structures -- Durability -- Metals -- Composites -- FOCUSED TECHNOLOGY ADDRESSING SUBSONIC TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT -- Airframe -- Propulsion System -- Rotating Systems -- Fans -- Compressors -- Turbines -- Shafts and Bearings -- Nonrotating Components -- Engine Cases -- Inlets and Nacelles -- Acoustics -- FOCUSED TECHNOLOGY ADDRESSING SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT -- Airframe -- Polymer Matrix Composites Technology -- Aluminum Alloys -- Propulsion System -- Combustors -- Nozzles -- FOCUSED TECHNOLOGY ADDRESSING SHORT-HAUL AIRCRAFT -- Commuter Aircraft -- Rotorcraft -- Vibration and Noise Reduction -- Suppression of Tiltrotor Aircraft Whirl Flutter -- Damage-Tolerant Structure for Dynamic System Components -- Design of Transmission Components -- General Aviation -- REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- Advanced Materials -- Airframe Applications -- Engine Applications -- Smart Structures and Active Control -- Acoustics -- Regulatory Aspects -- Recommendations for NASA -- Fundamental and Technology Development Research -- Airframe-Specific Research -- Engine-Specific Research -- Acoustics -- 10 AVIONICS AND CONTROL -- INTRODUCTION -- FLIGHT PATH MANAGEMENT -- Navigation, Guidance, and Performance/Mission Management -- Communications -- Collision Avoidance -- Bad Weather Detection and Avoidance -- Unique Rotorcraft Requirements -- PILOT/VEHICLE INTERFACE -- Simulation -- Cockpit Display Technology -- Cockpit Control Technology. ; Unique Synthetic Vision/Virtual Reality Considerations -- AVIONICS AND CONTROLS INTEGRATION -- Hardware -- Software -- Functionality -- Architecture -- Verification & -- Validation -- CONTROL FUNCTIONAL APPLICATION -- Controllability and Maneuverability -- Load Alleviation and Ride Control -- Engine Control -- Aerodynamic Flow Control -- Noise Reduction -- AIRCRAFT POWER AND ACTUATION -- Power Sources -- Actuation -- 11 COGNITIVE ENGINEERING -- INTRODUCTION -- VISIONS FOR 2020-PRECEDENTS AND CONTEXT FOR RESEARCH ACTION -- Aeronautical Vehicle Visions for 2020 -- Air Transportation System Visions for 2020 -- Supervisory Telerobotic Human/Machine Systems Visions for 2020 -- TO MAKE GOOD THE VISIONS -- THE CHALLENGES -- SAFETY ENHANCEMENT IN THE AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM -- Human Error Theories for Aeronautical Applications -- General -- Criteria for Useful Theories of Human Error in Aviation -- Available Approaches to Theories of Human Error -- Open- and Closed-Loop System Categories -- Divided Attention Theory of Error -- Open-Loop Theories-Discrete Commands and Demands -- Slips and Mistakes -- Statistical Decision Theory -- Theories for Closed-Loop Situations -- Human and Systems Performance Measurement for Assessment of Human Error Potential -- Correlation of Theories with Available Data -- Aviation-Relevant Scenarios and Experimental Outlines for Evolution and Validation of Theories -- Alleviation of Error-Error-Tolerant Systems -- Selection and Training -- Surveillance by Independent Systems -- Operator Status Assessment -- Operational Strategy and Tactics-Training for Abnormal Situations -- Error-Tolerant Design -- Human/Automation System Interaction Characteristics -- Situation Awareness Displays -- ASSURANCE OF VALID AND RELIABLE SYSTEM OPERATIONS -- EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION -- Total System Perspective. ; Machine-Aided Information Acquisition, Processing, and Decision Making.
• Sommario/riassunto: Prepared at the request of NASA, Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century presents steps to help prevent the erosion of U.S. dominance in the global aeronautics market. The book recommends the immediate expansion of research on advanced aircraft that travel at subsonic speeds and research on designs that will meet expected future demands for supersonic and short-haul aircraft, including helicopters, commuter aircraft, "tiltrotor," and other advanced vehicle designs. These recommendations are intended to address the needs of improved aircraft performance, greater capacity to handle passengers and cargo, lower cost and increased convenience of air travel, greater aircraft and air traffic management system safety, and reduced environmental impacts.
• Titolo autorizzato: Aeronautical technologies for the twenty-first century
• ISBN: 9786610203222; 9781280203220; 1280203226; 9780309584548; 030958454X; 9780585002378; 0585002371
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910971032203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II