Glycerol : production, structure and applications / / Miguel de Santos Silva and Paulo Costa Ferreira, editors

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2012
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (319 p.)
• Disciplina: 668/.2
• Soggetto topico: Glycerin
• Altri autori: SilvaMiguel de Santos FerreiraPaulo Costa
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- GLYCEROL: PRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND APPLICATIONS -- GLYCEROL: PRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND APPLICATIONS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO HYDROGEN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THERMODYNAMICS OF CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO HYDROGEN -- GLYCEROL CONVERSION REACTION PATHWAY -- STEAM REFORMING (SR) -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis -- Experimental Work -- SORPTION ENHANCED STEAM REFORMING (SESR) -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis -- Experimental Work -- Autothermal Reforming (ATR) -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis -- Experimental Work -- AQUEOUS PHASE REFORMING (APR) -- Experimental Work -- SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION (SCWG) -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis -- Experimental Work -- THERMAL DECOMPOSITION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: VALORIZATION OF GLYCEROL IN PROPANEDIOLS PRODUCTION BY CATALYTIC PROCESSES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS -- 3. ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS -- 4. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS -- 4.1. Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol -- 4.1.1. Monometallic Catalysts -- 4.1.2. Metal Catalysts Modified by Brønsted Acids or Bases -- 4.1.3. Bimetallic Catalysts -- 4.1.4. Hydrogenolysis in Absence of Hydrogen -- 4.2. Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol -- 5. INSIGHT THE REACTION MECHANISM OF GLYCEROL HYDROGENOLYSIS -- 5.1. Critical Approach to the Hydrogenolysis Mechanism of Glycerol -- A. Basic and Surface Chemistry Concepts Relative to Alcohols and Polyols Reactions -- B. Thermodynamic Variations Involved in Glycerol Hydrogenolysis Reaction -- 5.2. The Hydrogenolysis Mechanism of Glycerol: General Consideration -- 5.2.1. The Mechanism to 1,2-Propanediol -- 5.2.2. The Mechanism to 1,3-Propanediol -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. ; Chapter 3: AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING OF GLYCEROL FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING -- 2.1. Catalysts for Aqueous-Phase Reforming -- 2.2. Reaction Mechanism -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3.1. Synthesis of the Catalysts -- 3.1.1. Combustion Method -- 3.1.2. Coprecipitation Method -- 3.1.3. Wet Impregnation Method -- 3.1.4. Dry Impregnation Method -- 3.2. Characterization of Catalysts -- 3.3. Catalytic Tests -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4.1. Chemical Composition -- 4.2. Textural Analysis -- 4.3. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- 4.4. Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRS) -- 4.5. Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) -- 4.6. Catalytic Tests -- 4.6.1. Influence of Agitation Speed -- 4.6.2. Influence of the Catalyst Loading -- 4.6.3. Evaluation of the Catalysts with 1% Glycerol Solution -- 4.6.4. Evaluation of the Catalysts with 10% Glycerol Solution -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: THE PAUPER AND THE PRINCE: GLYCEROL IN A VIEW FROM BIOFUELS AND BIOREFINERIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO VALORIZE GLYCEROL -- 2.1. Dehydration and Oxyhydration Reactions -- 2.2. Selective Reduction Reactions -- 2.3. Selective Oxidation Reactions -- 2.4. Reforming Reactions -- 2.5. Miscelaneous Reactions: Chlorination, Etherification, Esterification,Nitration, and Polymerization -- 3. BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO VALORIZE GLYCEROL -- 3.1. The Meeting History between Glycerol and Microorganisms -- 3.2. Glycerol as Carbon and Energy Microbial Source. The FirstStep to Production -- 3.3. Relevant Products from Glycerol Bioconversion -- 3.3.1. Bioconversion of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone -- 3.3.2. Bioproduction of 1,3-Propanediol From Glycerol -- 3.3.3. Bioconversion of Glycerol to Commercially Valuable Organic Acids -- 3.3.4. Other Valuable Bioconversions of Glycerol -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ; REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: GLYCEROL AS A SUBSTRATE FOR BIOPROCESSES IN DIFFERENT O2 AVAILABILITY CONDITIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. AEROBIC VERSUS ANAEROBIC METABOLISM OF GLYCEROL -- 2. SYNTHESIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FROM GLYCEROL -- a. Products of Aerobic Metabolism -- i. Biomass, Enzymes and Recombinant Proteins -- ii. Amino Acids -- iii. Antibiotics -- iv. Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- v. Other Products of Aerobic Metabolism -- b. Products of Anaerobic Metabolism -- i. 1,3-Propanediol -- ii. Succinate -- iii. Ethanol -- iv. Hydrogen -- 3. EFFECTS OF AERATION IN PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION -- 4. METABOLIC MANIPULATIONS TO ENHANCE SYNTHESIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FROM GLYCEROL -- a. Mutations in Competing Pathways -- i. Mutations in Competing Pathways for the Synthesis of Ethanol from Glycerol in E. coli -- ii. Mutations in Competing Pathways for the Synthesis of Succinate From Glycerol in E. coli -- iii. Mutations in Competing Pathways for the Synthesis of PHB from Glycerol in E. coli -- b. Mutations in Redox Regulators -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM GLYCEROL VIA MEMBRANE REACTOR TECHNOLOGY -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION TO MEMBRANE REACTOR TECHNOLOGY -- 2. PD-BASED MEMBRANES -- 2.1. Membrane Classification -- 2.2. Short Overview on Supported and Self-Supported Pd-Membranes -- 3. MEMBRANE REACTORS -- 3.1. Palladium-Based Membrane Reactors -- 3.2. The Critical Issues of Palladium-Based MRs -- 4. A SHORT OVERVIEW ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH PALLADIUM-BASED MRS -- 5. GLYCEROL AS A BIO-FEEDSTOCK -- 5.1. Glycerol Steam Reforming Reaction to Produce Hydrogen -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: USE OF THE GLYCEROL FROM BIODIESEL TO PRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Biodiesel Production -- 1.2. New Uses for Glycerol. ; 2. POLYGLYCEROL APPLIED IN THE MINING INDUSTRY -- Effect of Catalyst and its Concentration -- Variation in Concentration of H2SO4 -- Variation in the Concentration of H3PO4 -- Tests of Dust Suppression -- Variation in the Substrate -- 3. OIL ABSORBENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: DIFFUSION IN GLYCEROL-WATER BINARY AND GLYCEROL-WATER-SODIUM CHLORIDE TERNARY SOLUTIONS AND THE VIEWPOINT OF HYDROGEN BONDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODS -- 2.1. Simulation Details -- 2.2. Diffusion Coefficients -- 2.3. Hydrogen Bonds Definition -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 3.1. Density Profiles -- 3.2. Water Self-Diffusion Coefficients -- 3.3. Glycerol Self-Diffusion Coefficients -- 3.4. Insights from Hydrogen Bonds -- (1) Water Molecules -- (2) Glycerol Molecules -- 3.5. Parameters Affecting Diffusion Coefficient Calculation -- Force Field -- Cutoff, Damping Coefficient and Periodic Boundary Conditions -- Curve Fitting Parameters -- Temperature Fluctuations -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL INTO BIO-FUEL ADDITIVES OVER HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ESTERIFICATION OF GLYCEROL WITH ACETIC ACID -- Zeolites -- Heteropolyacids -- Sulfonic Group -- Others Catalysts -- 3. ETHERIFICATION OF GLYCEROL -- 4. ACETALISATION OF GLYCEROL -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: IS GLYCEROL A SUSTAINABLEREACTION MEDIUM? -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT IS A SUSTAINABLE REACTION MEDIUM? -- 3. GLYCEROL PRODUCTION -- 4. GLYCEROL GREENNESS -- 5. GLYCEROL AS REACTION MEDIUM -- 6. GLYCEROL AND TRANSFER PHENOMENA -- 7. GLYCEROL AND REACTION WORK-UP -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11: RUTHENIUM-CATALYZED NITRILE HYDRATION REACTIONS USING GLYCEROL AS SOLVENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS. ; EXPERIMENTAL SECTION -- General Comments -- General Procedure for the Catalytic Hydration Reactions -- Catalyst Recycling -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12: CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL INTO PRODUCTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- GLYCEROL PRODUCTION -- MAIN PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THE GLYCEROL -- OXIDATION OF GLYCEROL -- REDUCTION OF GLYCEROL -- SELECTIVE DEHYDROXYLATION OF GLYCEROL -- DEHYDRATION OF GLYCEROL -- HALOGENATION OF GLYCEROL -- ETHERIFICATION OF GLYCEROL -- ESTERIFICATION OF GLYCEROL -- TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED IN BRAZIL -- OBTAININ GHYDROGEN FROM GLYCEROL -- GASIFICATION OF GLYCEROL -- PRODUCTION OF POLYMERS FROM GLYCEROL -- DUST SUPRESSOR -- HIDROFILIC ADSORBENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13: NATURAL ACTIVATION OF COMMERCIAL GLYCEROL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 2.1. Photoactivation of Glycerol and Formation of Hydroperoxide -- 2.2. Polymer Structure and Molecular Weight -- 2.3. Spontaneous Polymerization of Acrylamide at Low Temperatures -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14: THE APPLICATIONS OF GLYCEROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE APPLICATIONS OF GLYCEROL IN VARIOUS FORMULATIONS -- Topical Formulations -- Oral Formulations -- Injectable Formulations -- Suppositories -- Protein Delivery Systems -- THE SAFETY ISSUES AND REGULATORY STATUS OF GLYCEROL -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
• Sommario/riassunto: In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the production, structure and applications of glycerol. Topics discussed include the use of glycerol from biodiesel to production of environmental technologies; thermochemical conversion of glycerol to hydrogen; the application of glycerol in pharmaceutical formulation; valorization of glycerol in propanediols production by catalytic processes; hydrogen production from glycerol via membrane reactor technology; ruthenium-catalyzed nitrile hydration reactions using glycerol as solvent; and natural activation of commercial glycerol.
• Titolo autorizzato: Glycerol
• ISBN: 1-62081-130-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910959970103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Chemical engineering methods and technology.; Biochemistry research trends series.