Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture

• Autore: Leach Richard
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (390 pages)
• Disciplina: 620.440287
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Introduction to Surface Topography -- 1 Surface Topography Measurement and Characterisation -- 2 Surface Profile -- 3 Areal Surface Topography -- 4 Software Measurement Standards -- 5 Current International Standards -- 5.1 Profile Standards -- 5.2 Areal Standards -- References -- The Areal Field Parameters -- 1 Short History of Areal Parameters -- 2 Naming and Filtering -- 2.1 Naming -- 2.2 Filtering Conditions -- 3 Approximations and Implementation -- 3.1 Centred Heights -- 3.2 Sampling Area -- 3.3 Continuous Against Discrete Definitions -- 3.4 Validation of Parameters -- 4 Height Parameters -- 4.1 Mean Height of the Surface -- 4.2 Skewness and Kurtosis -- 4.3 Maximum Height of the Surface -- 5 Function Related Parameters -- 5.1 Height Distribution and Material Ratio Curve -- 5.2 Material Ratio Parameters -- 5.3 Characterisation of Stratified Surfaces -- 5.4 Volume Parameters -- 6 Hybrid Parameters -- 6.1 Root Mean Square Gradient Sdq -- 6.2 Developed Interfacial Area Ratio Sdr -- 7 Spatial Parameters -- 7.1 Autocorrelation Function -- 7.2 Autocorrelation Length Sal -- 7.3 Texture Aspect Ratio Str -- 7.4 Texture Direction Std -- 7.5 Dominant Spatial Wavelength Ssw -- 8 Fractal Parameters -- 8.1 Introduction to Fractal Parameters -- 8.2 Scale-Sensitive Functions -- 8.3 Fractal Dimension -- 8.4 Fractal Complexity -- 8.5 Rough-Smooth Crossover -- 9 Other Areal Parameters -- 9.1 Areal Parameters from ASME B46.1 -- 9.2 Areal Parameters from Earlier Reference Documents -- References -- The Areal Feature Parameters -- 1 Definitions of Topological Features -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contour Lines -- 1.3 Hills -- 1.4 Dales -- 1.5 Saddle Points -- 1.6 Motifs -- 2 Watershed Segmentation -- 3 The Change Tree and Pruning -- 3.1 Definition of a Motif Height -- 3.2 Change Tree and Wolf Pruning. ; 3.3 Open and Closed Motifs -- 4 Feature Parameters -- 4.1 Peak Density Spd -- 4.2 Peak Curvature Spc -- 5 Motif Slope -- 5.1 Significant Heights -- 5.2 Area and Volume -- 5.3 Morphological Parameters -- 6 Automatic Partitioning and Levelling -- 7 Verification of Nominal Geometry -- 8 Specification of Feature Parameters -- References -- Areal Filtering Methods -- 1 Basic Concepts-The Scale Limited Surface -- 2 Linear and Robust Filters -- 2.1 Planar and Cylindrical Filters -- 2.2 The Linear Gaussian Filter -- 2.3 The Linear and Robust Gaussian Regression Filter -- 2.4 The Spline Filter -- 3 Morphological Filters -- 4 Multi-resolution Analysis by Wavelets -- 4.1 Fourier Transform -- 4.2 Continuous Wavelet Transform -- 4.3 Discrete Wavelet Transform and Multi-resolution -- 5 Summary -- References -- Areal Form Removal -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Form Model Definition -- 2.1 Functionally Defined Surfaces -- 2.2 Algebraically Defined Surfaces -- 2.3 Parametrically Defined Surfaces -- 3 Measures of Distance from a Point to a Surface -- 3.1 Difference in Height -- 3.2 Algebraic Distance -- 3.3 Distance Related to a Surface Feature -- 3.4 Orthogonal Distance from a Point to a Surface -- 4 Fitting Criteria -- 5 Form Removal Using the Fitted Surface -- 5.1 Functionally Defined Surfaces -- 5.2 Algebraically Defined Surfaces -- 5.3 Parametrically Defined Surfaces -- 6 Form Removal and Areal Parameter Uncertainty -- 6.1 Uncertainties Associated with the Fitted Parameters -- 6.2 Interpretation of the Variance Matrix Associated with the Fitted Parameters -- 6.3 Statistical Models Associated with the Data -- 6.4 Uncertainties Associated with the Form Removal Operator -- 6.5 Uncertainties Associated with Areal Parameters -- 7 Model Fitting Approaches -- 7.1 Least-Squares Model Fitting -- 7.2 L1 Model Fitting -- 7.3 Chebyshev Model Fitting. ; 7.4 Discussion on the Fitting Criteria -- 8 Areal Form Removal -- 8.1 Plane -- 8.2 Sphere -- 8.3 Other Geometric Elements -- 8.4 Quadric Surfaces -- 8.5 Empirical Surfaces with Spatial Correlation Structure -- 8.6 Form Removal Using Filters -- 9 Summary and Concluding Remarks -- References -- Fractal-Related Multiscale Geometric Characterisation of Topographies -- 1 Introduction to Fractal-Related Multiscale Geometric Methods -- 1.1 Rationale: The Value in Characterising Topographies -- 1.2 The Chaotic Nature of Texture and Topographies -- 1.3 The Inherent Chaotic Nature of Measured Surface Topographies -- 2 Diverse Fractal Characterisation Methods -- 2.1 Fractals and Basic Geometric Properties of Surfaces -- 2.2 Notes on the Use of the Term ''Scale'' -- 3 Length-Scale Analysis -- 4 Area-Scale Analysis -- 4.1 Triangular Tilings for Calculating Areas -- 4.2 Value Adding Applications of Area-Scale Analyses -- 5 Curvature-Scale Analyses -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Feature-Based Characterisation of Areal Surface Topography -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Structure of the Chapter -- 2 Foundation -- 2.1 Topography as the Realisation of a Discrete Random Field -- 2.2 Stationarity of the Random Field and Characterisation Using ISO Field Parameters -- 2.3 Testing for Stationarity -- 2.4 The Decomposition-Recomposition Approach to Feature-Based Characterisation -- 2.5 Randomness and Determinism of Surface Topography: Influence on Partitioning and Characterisation -- 2.6 Characterisation of the Entire Surface Against Characterisation of Individual Features -- 2.7 Families of Methods Involved in Feature-Based Characterisation -- 3 Areal Topography Measurement and Data Structures for FBC -- 3.1 The Gridded Sampling Model and Resulting Representations for Areal Topography Data -- 3.2 Unidirectional Observation and Maximum Detectable Slope. ; 3.3 Limitations on Topography Aspect Ratio -- 4 Pre-processing of Areal Topography Data for FBC -- 4.1 Handling of Missing Measurement Values -- 4.2 Identification and Processing of Measurement Artefacts -- 4.3 Levelling and Form Removal -- 4.4 Filtering -- 4.5 Analysis of Stationarity -- 5 Segmentation of Areal Topography Data -- 6 Identification of Baselines for Segmentation -- 6.1 Morphological Segmentation into Hills and Dales -- 6.2 Segmentation by Value Thresholding -- 6.3 Segmentation by Clustering -- 6.4 Segmentation by Region Growing -- 6.5 Segmentation by Edge Detection -- 6.6 Segmentation by Pattern Matching -- 6.7 Iterative Segmentation -- 7 Feature Detection and Identification -- 7.1 Feature Identification Starting from Segmentation Results -- 7.2 Feature Identification Without Segmentation: Similarity Metrics and Topography Descriptors -- 8 Feature Characterisation -- 9 Feature-Based Surface Reconstruction -- 10 Performance and Uncertainty in FBC -- 10.1 FBC Performance in Feature Identification and Feature Counting -- 10.2 FBC Performance in Segmentation and Feature Characterisation -- 10.3 Accuracy and Precision in FBC -- 10.4 Incorporating Error Related to Topography Measurement in FBC -- 11 Suggested Pipeline for FBC -- 12 Conclusions -- References -- Quantifying Surface Texture with Deep Learning on Laser Treated Surfaces -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Classification -- 2.2 Traditional Classification Methods -- 2.3 Deep Learning -- 3 Proposed Solution -- 3.1 Areal Measurement Solution -- 3.2 Automatic Classification -- 3.3 Applications -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- In-Process Automated Areal Surface Measurement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cost Justification -- 3 Hardware and Software Requirements of the Automation -- 4 Measurement Technology: Vibration-Immunity and Easy Alignment -- 5 Edge Break and Radius Measurements. ; 6 Automated Defect Identification -- 7 Using the Robot to Aid Stitching, CAD Comparison and Data Meshing -- 8 Summary -- References -- The Relationship Between Friction and the Areal Texture of Aggregate Particles Used in the Road Surface Course -- 1 Background -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Aggregate Selection -- 2.2 Wehner-Schulze Machine -- 2.3 Progressive Polishing Regime -- 3 Measurement of Surface Texture -- 4 Analysis -- 4.1 Qualitative Changes in Surface Texture -- 4.2 Characterisation of Surface Texture -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Automotive Applications-Cylinder Liners and Tool Steel Polishing for Injection Moulding of Plastic Parts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Method for Extraction of the Groove Parameters -- 2.2 Method for Rating of the Surfaces -- 3 Case Study 1: Blechmantel Effect on the Wear of Truck Liners -- 4 Case Study 2: Assessment of Surface Finish Improvement of Car Liners -- 5 Case Study 3: Traceology for Polishing Control of Dies and Moulds for Automotive Plastic Parts -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Additive Manufacturing Overview -- 1.2 Metal Powder Bed Fusion Overview -- 1.3 Notes on Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surfaces -- 2 Good Practice in Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Characterisation -- 2.1 General Considerations in Measurement -- 2.2 Bandwidth Matching -- 2.3 Filter Choices -- 2.4 Field Parameters -- 2.5 Feature Parameters -- 2.6 Characterisation of Individual Areal Features -- 3 Internal Surface Measurement-An Industrial Test Case -- 3.1 Case Study Methodology -- 3.2 Case Study Results -- 3.3 Case Study Discussion -- 3.4 Case Study Summary -- 4 Feature-Based Characterisation of Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surfaces-A Research Case -- 4.1 Case study Methodology -- 4.2 Case Study Discussion -- 4.3 Case Study Summary -- 5 Chapter Summary. ; References.
• Titolo autorizzato: Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture
• ISBN: 9783031593109; 9783031593093
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910865281203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II