Four decades of poverty reduction in China : drivers, insights for the world, and the way ahead

• Pubblicazione: Piraí : , : World Bank Publications, , 2022; ©2022
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (93 pages)
• Disciplina: 915.1043
• Soggetto topico: Economic development - China; Poverty - China - Prevention; Poverty - Prevention
• Altri autori: Development Research Center of the State Councilthe People's Republic of China
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- Context -- Notes -- References -- 2 Forty Years of Rural Poverty Reduction -- Introduction -- What drove poverty reduction in China? -- Notes -- References -- 3 Drivers of China's Economic Transformation and Poverty Reduction -- Introduction -- Growing agricultural productivity: Higher incomes and more choices -- Progressive industrialization: Better jobs for more people -- Managed urbanization: Multiple gains for migrants and nonmigrant rural families, but persistent inequality of opportunities -- Expanded infrastructure investment: Improved connectivity and job creation for the poor -- Notes -- References -- 4 Poverty Alleviation Strategies -- Introduction -- Area-based poverty alleviation strategies -- Social protection policies -- Targeted poverty alleviation strategy -- Notes -- References -- 5 Implications of China's Poverty Reduction -- China's approach to poverty reduction in a global context -- References -- 6 The Way Ahead -- Introduction -- New drivers of growth and poverty reduction -- Defining new standards and policy objectives for a prosperous China -- Coordinating pro-poor development policies and social protection programs -- Notes -- References -- 7 Conclusions -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Appendix A: Key Household Surveys -- Boxes -- Box 3.1 Agricultural technology extension for poverty reduction: Promoting mulch film in Guyuan -- Box 3.2 Upgrading skills through learning by doing: How Mr. Xie Dewu set up his own valve-making company in Yongjia -- Box 4.1 The evolution of poverty targeting: How China used international expertise -- Box 4.2 Human resources and incentives for targeted poverty alleviation. ; Box 4.3 East-West collaboration from the perspective of a poverty-stricken district in Ningxia Autonomous Region -- Box 4.4 How digital technologies were leveraged for targeted poverty alleviation -- Box 5.1 China's poverty reduction policies as a case study in pro-poor governance -- Figures -- Figure ES.1 The two pillars of China's approach to poverty reduction -- Figure 1.1 Poverty reduction in China over the past 40 years based on the 2010 poverty standard -- Figure 1.2 China accounts for almost three-quarters of global extreme poverty reduction since 1981: Poverty headcount based on the international poverty line, 1981-2017 -- Figure 2.1 Rapid economic growth drove poverty reduction -- Figure 2.2 Drivers of rural poverty reduction, 1988-2018 -- Figure 3.1 Rapid and sustained economic growth in China came about with fast economic transformation, 1978-2018 -- Figure 3.2 Labor productivity, particularly from industry, drove high economic growth, 1995-2018 -- Figure 3.3 Employment and productivity of manufacturing, 1978-2001 -- Figure 3.4 Workers benefited from the diversification of jobs and the expansion of wage employment, 1998-2013 -- Figure 3.5 Wage gaps between urban and rural areas narrowed, suggesting that China reached the Lewis tipping point around 2007 -- Figure 3.6 Urbanization in China followed a similar pattern as other fast-growing economies, 1960-2019 -- Figure 3.7 Migration has increased consistently over time, as have migrant earnings as a share of total household income, 1993-2017 -- Figure 3.8 "Floating" populations' income per month -- Figure 3.9 Infrastructure investment grew steadily beginning in the early 1990s -- Figure 4.1 Central and provincial Anti-Poverty Fund allocations, 2001-20 -- Tables -- Table 2.1 Poverty reduction between 1978 and 2019. ; Table 4.1 Main social protection programs in rural and urban China, 2019 or latest available data -- Table 4.2 Share of registered poor households achieving "three guarantees" and safe drinking water.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Over the past 40 years, the number of people in China with incomes below US 1.90 per day - the International Poverty Line defined by the World Bank to track global extreme poverty-has fallen by close to 800 million. With this, China has contributed to almost three-quarters of the global reduction in the number of people living in extreme poverty. In 2021, China declared that it has eradicated extreme poverty according to the national poverty threshold, and that it has built a 'moderately prosperous society in all respects. Whether measured with international or national poverty line, the speed and scale of China's poverty reduction is historically unprecedented. At the same time, a significant number of people remain vulnerable with incomes below a threshold more typically used to define poverty in upper-middle income countries. China has set a new goal of achieving significant progress towards common prosperity by 2035, which can help keep the policy focus on the vulnerable population over the coming decade. This report aims to explore the key drivers for China's achievements in poverty alleviation over the past 40 year and to consider the lessons of China's experience for other developing countries. The report also puts forward suggestions for China's future policies. China's approach to poverty reduction was based on two pillars. The first aimed for broad-based economic transformation to open new economic opportunities and raise average incomes. The second was the recognition that targeted support was nonetheless needed to alleviate persistent poverty; support initially was provided to disadvantaged areas and later to individual households. The success of China's economic development and the associated reduction of poverty benefited from effective governance, which helped coordinate multiple government agencies and induce cooperation from non-government stakeholders. To illustrate the role of broad-based economic transformation for poverty alleviation, separate sections of the report analyze growing agricultural productivity; incremental industrialization; managed urbanization and rural-to-urban migration; and the role of infrastructure. The evolution of China's approach to poverty alleviation, from placed-based to country-wide social protection policies, and the targeted poverty alleviation strategy under implementation since 2012 are also reviewed"--
• Titolo autorizzato: Four decades of poverty reduction in China
• ISBN: 1-4648-1878-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910838206803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II