Perchlorates : production, uses, and health effects / / editor, Lawrence E. Matthews

• Pubblicazione: Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, c2011
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (371 p.)
• Disciplina: 661/.42
• Soggetto topico: Perchlorates; Perchlorates - Environmental aspects
• Altri autori: MatthewsLawrence E. <1960->
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- PERCHLORATES: PRODUCTION,USES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- PERCHLORATES: PRODUCTION,USES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF THE ELECTROCHEMICALSTABILITY OF PERCHLORATE IONSAGAINST REDUCTIVE ATTACKS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC/ELECTROCATALYTIC ASPECTSOF PERCHLORATE REDUCTION -- 3. REACTION MECHANISMS AND ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE -- 4. REDUCTION OF PERCHLORATE IONS IN THE COURSE OF ANODICDISSOLUTION AND CORROSION OF METALS -- 5. INTERACTION OF PERCHLORATE IONS WITH IRON GROUPMETALS IN AQUEOUS MEDIA -- 6. INVESTIGATION OF ANION ADSORPTION IN THE COURSE OFCOUPLED METAL DISSOLUTION AND PERCHLORATE REDUCTION -- 7. SOME INTERESTING RESULTS OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2LITHIUM AND MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATESOLUTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCEON THE RATE AND EQUILIBRIUM OF SOMECYCLOADDITION REACTIONS -- ABSRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ACCELERATION THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION BYCOMMON LEWIS ACIDS -- SALT-SOLUTION EFFECT ON THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION -- REACTION (3+2)-CYCLOADDITION -- REACTION (2+2)-CYCLOADDITION -- CAUSE AND EFFECT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3STRUCTURAL AND VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIESOF CHROMYL PERCHLORATE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CHROMYL PERCHLORATE -- Structural Analysis -- Vibrational Analysis -- MONODENTATE COORDINATION OF THE PERCHLORATE GROUPS -- C2(1) and C2(2) Structures -- Perchlorate Groups -- Chromyl Group -- BIDENTATE COORDINATION OF THE PERCHLORATE GROUPS -- C2(1) Structure -- Perchlorate Group -- Chromyl Group -- Summary -- Force Field -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4PERCHLORATE FORMATION IN ELECTROCHEMICALWATER DISINFECTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCCURRENCE OF PERCHLORATE IN ELECTROLYSIS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS. ; 3.1. Laboratory-Scale and Semi-Technical Cells for Water Electrolysis -- Chemicals -- Ion analysis -- 3.2. Technical Cells for Brine Electrolysis -- 3.3. Perchlorate Analysis in Experiments Using Technical Cells -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Experiments in Laboratory-Scale and Semi-Industrial Cells -- 4.1.1. Polarization -- 4.1.2. Species generation and influence factors -- 4.2. By-Product Formation in Technical Cells Equipped with MO Electrodes -- 5. DISCUSSION OF PROBABLE MECHANISMS -- 5.1. General Consideration -- 5.1. Possible Mechanisms -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5METAL PERCHLORATES AS LEWIS ACIDS:A POWERFUL AND VERSATILE TOOLIN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Lithium Perchlorate -- MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE -- ZINC PERCHLORATE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6ADVANCES IN THE BIOREMEDIATIONOF PERCHLORATE -- PERCHLORATE RESPIRING BACTERIA -- Ubiquity and Diversity of (Per) Chlorate Reducing Bacteria -- Perchlorate Reducing Isolates -- Electron Donors and Acceptors Used by PRB for Growth -- Nutritional Requirements for PRB -- THE PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION PATHWAY -- Effects of NO3- on ClO4- Removal -- Effects of O2 on ClO4- Removal -- BIOTREATMENT PROCESSES -- BIOREDUCTION OF ION-EXCHANGE BRINE -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Bench-Scale Studies -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - The Ion-Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Fluidized Bed Reactor Studies -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Direct Treatment of IX Resins -- Biotreatment of IX Brine using the Autotrophic H2-based MBfR -- DIRECT BIOREDUCTION OF NO3- AND ClO4- -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Bench-Scale Reactor Studies -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Pilot-Scale Reactor Studies -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Full-Scale Reactor Studies. ; Soil Bioremediation Feasibility Tests -- In-Situ Bioremediation Studies -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGYAND MICROBIOLOGY OF (PER)CHLORATEREDUCING BACT -- ABSTRACT -- (Per)Chlorate as Pollutant -- Ecology and Physiology of (Per) Chlorate Reducing Bacteria -- Alternative Electron Acceptors of (P)CRBs -- Electron Donors for (P)CRBs -- Hydrocarbons as Substrates for (P)CRBs -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8PERCHLORATE: PRODUCTION, USES AND EFFECTSON HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- ABSTRACT -- PERCHLORATE AND ITS USES -- Anthropogenic and Natural Perchlorate -- Perchlorate Fate in the Environment -- Biological Reduction of Perchlorate -- Perchlorate as an Undesirable Environmental Contaminant -- Perchlorate as a Health Problem -- Perchlorate Detection (Qualitative and Quantitative): New Approaches toMonitoring of Its Environmental Fate -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9PERCHLORATES IN THE LABORATORYFOR ANALYTICAL/PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS -- 2.1. Solubility and Hydration -- 2.2. Water Activity -- 2.3. Hoffmeister Series -- 2.4. Surface Activity -- 2.5. Complex Formation and Precipitation -- 3. ORGANIC SOLVENTS -- 4. REDOX PROCESSES -- 5. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS -- 5.1. Wet Ashing -- 5.2. Measurements at Trace Level -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL BONDING,PHOTOELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIESOF METAL PERCHLORATES -- INTRODUCTION -- CALCULATION METHOD -- EQUATION OF STATE -- Chemical Bond -- Core States -- Nature of Electron States and Photoelectron Properties -- Nature of Electronic States and Optical Properties -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11ALKALINE EARTH METAL PERCHLORATES:ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATIONAND REACTION MECHANISMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. State-of-the-art. ; 2. REACTION MECHANISM FOR CHLORATEOXIDATION TO PERCHLORATE -- 3. Different Anodes for Perchlorate Formation -- Platinum -- Platinum Coated Titanium Anode (PCTA) -- Lead dioxide anode -- Cathode -- Uses -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 1. Cell Construction and Electrolysis -- 2. Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 1. Effect of Electrolyte Concentration -- 2. Effect of pH -- 3. Effect of Temperature -- 4. Effect of Cathode Current Density -- 5. Effect of Cathode Peripheral Velocity -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- LITERATURE CITED -- Chapter 12REMOVAL OF PERCHLORATE FROM WATER -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PERCHLORATE REMOVAL DURING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT -- 2.1. Perchlorate Removal by Adsorption -- 2.2. Membrane Treatment -- 2.3. Ionic Exchange -- 2.4. Perchlorate Remediation by Biological Treatment -- 3. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13FERRIC PERCHLORATE: AN EFFICIENT CATALYSTFOR EXPEDITIOUS AND CHEMO SELECTIVECONVERSION OF ALDEHYDES TO ACYLALS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF CHLORATEAND PERCHLORATE: PHYLOGENETICANALYSIS OF THE GENES ENCODINGTHE DEGRADATION PATHWAYS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- USES -- WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF PERCHLORATE CONTAMINATION? -- 1. Natural Sources -- 2. Anthropogenic Sources -- PERCHLORATE PROPERTIES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- BIODEGRADATION OF PERCHLORATE -- THE PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION PATHWAY -- ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENES ENCODING CHLORATEAND PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION ACTIVITY -- THE REDUCTASES: CHLORATE REDUCTASE ANDPERCHLORATE REDUCTASE -- THE CHLORITE DISMUTASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
• Sommario/riassunto: Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid (HClO4). They occur both naturally and through manufacturing. They have been used as a medicine for more than 50 years to treat thyroid gland disorders and are used extensively within the pyrotechnics industry, and ammonium perchlorate is also a component of solid rocket fuel. This book presents current research data from across the globe in the study of perchlorates, their production, uses, and health effects. Some topics discussed, herein, are: trends in the study of the electrochemical stability of perchlorate ions; the structural and vibrational properties of chromyl perchlorate; perchlorate formation in electrochemical water disinfection; metal perchlorates as Lewis acids; alkaline earth metal perchlorates; and removal of perchlorate from water.
• Titolo autorizzato: Perchlorates
• ISBN: 1-61122-143-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910658631703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Chemical Engineering Methods and Technology