Perchlorates : production, uses, and health effects / / editor, Lawrence E. Matthews

• Pubblicazione: Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, c2011
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (371 p.)
• Disciplina: 661/.42
• Soggetto topico: Perchlorates; Perchlorates - Environmental aspects
• Altri autori: MatthewsLawrence E. <1960->
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- PERCHLORATES: PRODUCTION,USES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- PERCHLORATES: PRODUCTION,USES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF THE ELECTROCHEMICALSTABILITY OF PERCHLORATE IONSAGAINST REDUCTIVE ATTACKS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC/ELECTROCATALYTIC ASPECTSOF PERCHLORATE REDUCTION -- 3. REACTION MECHANISMS AND ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE -- 4. REDUCTION OF PERCHLORATE IONS IN THE COURSE OF ANODICDISSOLUTION AND CORROSION OF METALS -- 5. INTERACTION OF PERCHLORATE IONS WITH IRON GROUPMETALS IN AQUEOUS MEDIA -- 6. INVESTIGATION OF ANION ADSORPTION IN THE COURSE OFCOUPLED METAL DISSOLUTION AND PERCHLORATE REDUCTION -- 7. SOME INTERESTING RESULTS OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2LITHIUM AND MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATESOLUTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCEON THE RATE AND EQUILIBRIUM OF SOMECYCLOADDITION REACTIONS -- ABSRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ACCELERATION THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION BYCOMMON LEWIS ACIDS -- SALT-SOLUTION EFFECT ON THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION -- REACTION (3+2)-CYCLOADDITION -- REACTION (2+2)-CYCLOADDITION -- CAUSE AND EFFECT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3STRUCTURAL AND VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIESOF CHROMYL PERCHLORATE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CHROMYL PERCHLORATE -- Structural Analysis -- Vibrational Analysis -- MONODENTATE COORDINATION OF THE PERCHLORATE GROUPS -- C2(1) and C2(2) Structures -- Perchlorate Groups -- Chromyl Group -- BIDENTATE COORDINATION OF THE PERCHLORATE GROUPS -- C2(1) Structure -- Perchlorate Group -- Chromyl Group -- Summary -- Force Field -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4PERCHLORATE FORMATION IN ELECTROCHEMICALWATER DISINFECTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCCURRENCE OF PERCHLORATE IN ELECTROLYSIS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS. ; 3.1. Laboratory-Scale and Semi-Technical Cells for Water Electrolysis -- Chemicals -- Ion analysis -- 3.2. Technical Cells for Brine Electrolysis -- 3.3. Perchlorate Analysis in Experiments Using Technical Cells -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Experiments in Laboratory-Scale and Semi-Industrial Cells -- 4.1.1. Polarization -- 4.1.2. Species generation and influence factors -- 4.2. By-Product Formation in Technical Cells Equipped with MO Electrodes -- 5. DISCUSSION OF PROBABLE MECHANISMS -- 5.1. General Consideration -- 5.1. Possible Mechanisms -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5METAL PERCHLORATES AS LEWIS ACIDS:A POWERFUL AND VERSATILE TOOLIN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Lithium Perchlorate -- MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE -- ZINC PERCHLORATE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6ADVANCES IN THE BIOREMEDIATIONOF PERCHLORATE -- PERCHLORATE RESPIRING BACTERIA -- Ubiquity and Diversity of (Per) Chlorate Reducing Bacteria -- Perchlorate Reducing Isolates -- Electron Donors and Acceptors Used by PRB for Growth -- Nutritional Requirements for PRB -- THE PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION PATHWAY -- Effects of NO3- on ClO4- Removal -- Effects of O2 on ClO4- Removal -- BIOTREATMENT PROCESSES -- BIOREDUCTION OF ION-EXCHANGE BRINE -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Bench-Scale Studies -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - The Ion-Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Fluidized Bed Reactor Studies -- Biotreatment of IX Brine - Direct Treatment of IX Resins -- Biotreatment of IX Brine using the Autotrophic H2-based MBfR -- DIRECT BIOREDUCTION OF NO3- AND ClO4- -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Bench-Scale Reactor Studies -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Pilot-Scale Reactor Studies -- Direct Bioreduction of NO3- and ClO4- - Full-Scale Reactor Studies. ; Soil Bioremediation Feasibility Tests -- In-Situ Bioremediation Studies -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGYAND MICROBIOLOGY OF (PER)CHLORATEREDUCING BACT -- ABSTRACT -- (Per)Chlorate as Pollutant -- Ecology and Physiology of (Per) Chlorate Reducing Bacteria -- Alternative Electron Acceptors of (P)CRBs -- Electron Donors for (P)CRBs -- Hydrocarbons as Substrates for (P)CRBs -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8PERCHLORATE: PRODUCTION, USES AND EFFECTSON HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- ABSTRACT -- PERCHLORATE AND ITS USES -- Anthropogenic and Natural Perchlorate -- Perchlorate Fate in the Environment -- Biological Reduction of Perchlorate -- Perchlorate as an Undesirable Environmental Contaminant -- Perchlorate as a Health Problem -- Perchlorate Detection (Qualitative and Quantitative): New Approaches toMonitoring of Its Environmental Fate -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9PERCHLORATES IN THE LABORATORYFOR ANALYTICAL/PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS -- 2.1. Solubility and Hydration -- 2.2. Water Activity -- 2.3. Hoffmeister Series -- 2.4. Surface Activity -- 2.5. Complex Formation and Precipitation -- 3. ORGANIC SOLVENTS -- 4. REDOX PROCESSES -- 5. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS -- 5.1. Wet Ashing -- 5.2. Measurements at Trace Level -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, CHEMICAL BONDING,PHOTOELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIESOF METAL PERCHLORATES -- INTRODUCTION -- CALCULATION METHOD -- EQUATION OF STATE -- Chemical Bond -- Core States -- Nature of Electron States and Photoelectron Properties -- Nature of Electronic States and Optical Properties -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11ALKALINE EARTH METAL PERCHLORATES:ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATIONAND REACTION MECHANISMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. State-of-the-art. ; 2. REACTION MECHANISM FOR CHLORATEOXIDATION TO PERCHLORATE -- 3. Different Anodes for Perchlorate Formation -- Platinum -- Platinum Coated Titanium Anode (PCTA) -- Lead dioxide anode -- Cathode -- Uses -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 1. Cell Construction and Electrolysis -- 2. Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 1. Effect of Electrolyte Concentration -- 2. Effect of pH -- 3. Effect of Temperature -- 4. Effect of Cathode Current Density -- 5. Effect of Cathode Peripheral Velocity -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- LITERATURE CITED -- Chapter 12REMOVAL OF PERCHLORATE FROM WATER -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PERCHLORATE REMOVAL DURING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT -- 2.1. Perchlorate Removal by Adsorption -- 2.2. Membrane Treatment -- 2.3. Ionic Exchange -- 2.4. Perchlorate Remediation by Biological Treatment -- 3. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13FERRIC PERCHLORATE: AN EFFICIENT CATALYSTFOR EXPEDITIOUS AND CHEMO SELECTIVECONVERSION OF ALDEHYDES TO ACYLALS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF CHLORATEAND PERCHLORATE: PHYLOGENETICANALYSIS OF THE GENES ENCODINGTHE DEGRADATION PATHWAYS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- USES -- WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF PERCHLORATE CONTAMINATION? -- 1. Natural Sources -- 2. Anthropogenic Sources -- PERCHLORATE PROPERTIES AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- BIODEGRADATION OF PERCHLORATE -- THE PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION PATHWAY -- ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENES ENCODING CHLORATEAND PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION ACTIVITY -- THE REDUCTASES: CHLORATE REDUCTASE ANDPERCHLORATE REDUCTASE -- THE CHLORITE DISMUTASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
• Titolo autorizzato: Perchlorates
• ISBN: 1-61122-143-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910658631703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Chemical Engineering Methods and Technology