Disturbance ecology / / Thomas Wohlgemuth, Anke Jentsch, Rupert Seidl, editors

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (432 pages)
• Disciplina: 333.9516
• Soggetto topico: Conservation biology; Ecological disturbances
• Soggetto geografico: Europe, Central
• Persona (resp. second.): JentschAnke; WohlgemuthThomas; SeidlRupert
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Disturbance Ecology -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Textboxes -- Chapter 1: Disturbance Ecology: A Guideline -- 1.1 Disturbances in Community Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics -- 1.2 Modern Disturbance Research -- 1.3 Disturbance Regimes Are Changing -- 1.4 Who Is This Book For? -- References -- Part I: Definitions and Assessments -- Chapter 2: Disturbances and Disturbance Regimes -- 2.1 Contents and Subjects of Disturbance Ecology -- 2.2 Definition of Disturbance Events and Disturbance Regimes -- 2.2.1 Disturbance Event -- 2.2.2 Disturbance Regime -- 2.3 Relevant Scales of Disturbance Ecology -- 2.3.1 Disturbance Frequency and Magnitude -- 2.4 Disturbances Trigger Primary and Secondary Succession -- 2.5 Disturbances in Landscape Ecology: The Dynamic Equilibrium -- 2.6 Disturbances and Niche Differentiation in Plant Communities -- 2.7 Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis -- 2.8 Disturbances, Biodiversity, and Productivity -- References -- Chapter 3: Disturbance Regimes and Climate Extremes of the Earth's Vegetation Zones -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Polar/Subpolar Zone -- 3.2.1 Characterization and Ecological Conditions -- 3.2.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.3 Boreal Zone -- 3.3.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.3.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.4 Temperate Zone -- 3.4.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.4.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.5 Mediterranean Zone -- 3.5.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.5.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.6 Subtropical and Tropical Arid Zones -- 3.6.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.6.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.7 Humid Subtropics. ; 3.7.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.7.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Events -- 3.8 Summer Humid Tropics -- 3.8.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.8.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Event -- 3.9 Ever-Humid Tropics -- 3.9.1 Characterization and Ecological Framework -- 3.9.2 Typical Disturbance Regimes and Extreme Climatic Event -- References -- Part II: Concepts -- Chapter 4: Disturbance and Biodiversity -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Disturbances Promote Biodiversity: But Not Always and Not Everywhere -- 4.3 How Disturbance Activity Affects Biodiversity -- 4.4 Disturbances, Biodiversity, and Changes in Ecosystems Over Time -- 4.5 Disturbances and Biodiversity in a Spatial Context -- References -- Chapter 5: Disturbance Resilience -- 5.1 Introduction and Definitions -- 5.1.1 Engineering Resilience -- 5.1.2 Ecological Resilience -- 5.1.3 Social-Ecological Resilience -- 5.1.4 Panarchy -- 5.2 Mechanisms of Resilience -- 5.2.1 Feedbacks and Interactions Across Scales -- 5.2.2 Legacies of the Pre-disturbance State -- 5.2.3 Ecological Stress Memory and Acclimatization -- 5.2.4 Response Diversity and Trade-Offs Within Plant Communities -- 5.3 Measuring and Describing Resilience -- 5.3.1 Recovery After Disturbances -- 5.3.2 Position of the Attractor -- 5.3.3 Early-Warning Indicators -- References -- Chapter 6: Adaptation to Disturbance -- 6.1 Complex Interactions of Selection Factors Form Plant Communities -- 6.1.1 Adaptation to Fire -- 6.1.2 Adaptation to Drought -- 6.1.3 Adaptation to Frost -- 6.1.4 Adaptation to Heatwaves -- 6.1.5 Fitness Effectiveness of Disturbance Combinations -- 6.1.6 Adaptations Are Grouped Geographically -- 6.1.7 Many Enemies, Much Resistance: Biotic Disturbance as a Driver of Adaptation and Diversity -- 6.1.8 The Role of Secondary Metabolites in Herbivore Defence. ; 6.1.9 Herbivore-Induced Communication Between Plants -- 6.1.10 Herbivorous Insects Respond to Plant Defence -- 6.1.11 Adaptations at Community Level: Herbivores, Biomass Production, and Biodiversity -- 6.1.12 Adaptation to Disturbance: Increasing Survival Probabilities of Affected Plants or Their Offspring -- 6.2 Disturbance as a Selection Factor for Plant Characteristics in Communities -- 6.2.1 Niche Partitioning in Habitats with High Levels of Disturbance -- References -- Part III: Abiotic Disturbances -- Chapter 7: Fire in Forest Ecosystems: Processes and Management Strategies -- 7.1 History and Geography of Vegetation Fires -- 7.2 Ecological Role of Fire in Ecosystems -- 7.2.1 Fire Regime and Fire Ecology -- 7.2.2 Fire Interactions with Other Disturbances -- 7.2.3 Mechanisms of Fire Adaptation -- 7.2.4 Pyrophilous Species, Fire-Dependent Species, and Fire Profiteers -- 7.2.5 Fire Adaptations of Ecosystems -- 7.3 Management of Vegetation Fires -- 7.3.1 Use of Fire in Silviculture and Ecosystem Restoration -- 7.3.2 Global Change and Forest Fires in Europe -- 7.3.3 A Solution to the Problem: Integrated Fire Management -- References -- Chapter 8: Wind Disturbances -- 8.1 Cause and Development of Winds -- 8.2 Direct Effects on Vegetation -- 8.2.1 Stem Breakage or Uprooting -- 8.2.2 Non-lethal Damage and Adaptation to Wind -- 8.3 Economic Damage to Forests -- 8.4 Influence on Ecosystem Dynamics -- 8.4.1 Root Plates and Root Pits -- 8.4.2 Succession After Windthrow -- 8.4.3 Natural Regeneration in Central Europe -- 8.4.4 Limiting Factors of Regeneration -- 8.4.5 Regeneration on Downed Deadwood -- 8.5 Forest Management Strategies to Minimize Storm Damage -- 8.5.1 Species Identity -- 8.5.2 Tree Height and Stem Taper -- 8.5.3 Silvicultural Interventions and Management History -- 8.5.4 Soil Conditions -- 8.5.5 Topographic Exposure. ; 8.5.6 Stand and Landscape Structure -- 8.6 More Storms Under Climate Change? -- References -- Chapter 9: Avalanches and Other Snow Movements -- 9.1 Cause and Immediate Effect of Snow Movements -- 9.1.1 Snow Settlement -- 9.1.2 Snow Creeping -- 9.1.3 Snow Gliding -- 9.1.4 Avalanches -- 9.2 Influence of Avalanches on Ecosystems -- 9.3 Avalanche Protection Function of Forests -- 9.3.1 Prevention of Avalanches in Forests -- 9.3.2 Braking Effect of the Forest -- 9.4 Interaction Between Avalanches and Other Natural Disturbances -- 9.5 Avalanches and Forest Management -- 9.6 Avalanches and Avalanche Protection in a Warmer Climate -- References -- Part IV: Biotic Disturbances -- Chapter 10: Tree Diseases -- 10.1 Introduction: Characterization of the System -- 10.2 Is Tree Diversity a Forest Adaptation to Tree Diseases? -- 10.3 Tree Diseases and Biodiversity -- 10.4 Drivers of Emerging Tree Diseases -- 10.5 Climate Change and Tree Diseases -- 10.6 Interactions of Tree Diseases with Other Forest Disturbances -- 10.7 Societal Aspects -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Insect Defoliators -- 11.1 Population Dynamics and Outbreaks -- 11.2 Forest Insect Defoliators -- 11.2.1 Oak Forests -- 11.2.2 Coniferous Forests -- 11.3 Insect Disturbances and Society -- 11.3.1 Monitoring and Control -- 11.3.2 Carbon Cycles -- 11.4 Outbreaks of Forest-Defoliating Insects and Forest Resilience -- 11.5 Disturbance Interactions -- 11.6 Outbreaks of Forest-Defoliating Insects and Climate Change -- References -- Chapter 12: Bark Beetles -- 12.1 Distribution and Ecology -- 12.2 Colonization Strategies -- 12.3 Outbreak Triggers -- 12.4 Infestation Dynamics -- 12.5 Interactions with Other Disturbances -- 12.6 Significance -- 12.7 Bark Beetles and Climate Change -- References -- Chapter 13: Large Herbivores -- 13.1 Herbivores as a Disturbance in Plant Communities. ; 13.2 Comparing Influences of Domesticated Animals and Wildlife on Vegetation -- 13.3 Influence of Large Herbivores on the Forest-Grassland Distribution -- 13.4 Management of Protected Areas with Wild and Domesticated Ungulates -- References -- Part V: Anthropogenic Disturbances -- Chapter 14: Forest Management -- 14.1 Importance of Disturbance Ecology for Forest Management -- 14.2 Historical Changes in Forest Management -- 14.3 Evaluation of Disturbances in the Forest -- 14.4 Comparison of Natural and Anthropogenic Forest Disturbances -- 14.5 Silvicultural Systems as Anthropogenic Disturbances -- 14.6 Disturbance Effects of Individual Forest Measures -- 14.6.1 Vegetation Management and Tending of Young Stands -- 14.6.2 Cleaning and Thinning -- 14.6.3 Final Harvest, Stand Regeneration -- Harvest of Mature Stands -- 14.6.4 Indirect Effects of Forest Management -- 14.7 Effects of Forest Management at the Landscape Level -- 14.7.1 Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Forests -- 14.7.2 Landscape Effects of Stand Treatments -- 14.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Grasslands -- 15.1 Grasslands and Land Use -- 15.2 Effects of Disturbance on the Structure and Function of Grasslands -- 15.2.1 Canopy Structure, Microclimate, and Water Balance -- 15.2.2 Carbon Balance -- 15.2.3 Nutrient Balance -- 15.2.4 Effects of Specific Management Forms and Accompanying Measures -- 15.3 Adaptation of Species and Plant Communities to Grassland Management -- 15.3.1 Adjustments of Species Characteristics -- 15.3.2 Grassland Management and Biodiversity -- 15.4 Interactions with Other Disturbance Regimes (Weather Extremes) -- 15.5 Social-Ecological Aspects and Future Developments -- References -- Part VI: Disturbances and Global Change -- Chapter 16: Impacts of Climate Change on Disturbances -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 A Changing Climate -- 16.2.1 Temperature. ; 16.2.2 Precipitation.
• Titolo autorizzato: Disturbance Ecology
• ISBN: 3-030-98756-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910631081803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Landscape series ; ; Volume 32.