From obesity to diabetes / / edited by Juergen Eckel and Karine Clément

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (508 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.462071
• Soggetto topico: Obesity
• Persona (resp. second.): EckelJuergen; ClémentKarine
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface: From Obesity to Diabetes -- Contents -- Part I: Obesity -- Epidemiology of Obesity -- 1 Introduction: Why Obesity Matters -- 2 Definition of Obesity by Its Relation to Health Effects -- 3 Obesity Subtypes, Body Fat Distribution, Ectopic Depositions -- 4 Prevalence and itsDependencies of Multilevel Geography, Sex and Age -- 5 The Energy-Balance Theorem: Eaten Too Much and Moved Too Little -- 6 Within and Between Population Risk Factors for Obesity -- 7 Familial Risk, Genetics and Shared Environment -- 8 General - Family Independent - Environmental Risk Factors -- 9 Risk Factors vs. Modifiable and Non-modifiable Causal Factors of Obesity -- 10 Trans-Generational and Perinatal - Epigenetically Mediated - Risk Factors -- 11 Life-Course Approach, Life-Long Challenges -- 12 Multilevel Social Risk Factors -- 13 Development of the Obesity Epidemic and Future Predictions -- 14 Presumed Drivers of the Obesity Epidemic -- 15 Epilogue -- References -- The Circadian Clock and Obesity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Biological Clock -- 3 The Molecular Clock Machinery -- 3.1 Core Clock Transcriptional Regulation -- 3.2 Post-Translational Clock Regulation -- 4 Circadian Clock and Metabolism Interplay -- 4.1 Peripheral Clocks -- 4.2 Circadian Clock and Nutrient Sensing -- 4.3 Circadian Regulation of Hormones -- 5 Circadian Control of Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Consequences of Clock Disruption -- 5.1 Adipose Tissue Clock and Obesity -- 5.2 Circadian Glucose Homeostasis and Diet-Induced Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders -- 5.3 The Liver Clock, Lipid Metabolism, and Obesity-Associated Liver Disease -- 6 Clock Desynchronization and Metabolic Syndrome in Humans -- 7 Pathological Consequences of Altered Feeding Patterns and Potential Beneficial Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating to D. ; 7.1 Feeding Patterns and Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF) on Metabolic Control in Rodents -- 7.2 Feeding Pattern and Metabolic Control in Humans: Potential Beneficial Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating to Decrease... -- 8 Conclusion/Perspectives -- References -- Nutrition and Microbiome -- 1 Introducing the Role of the Microbiome for Human Health -- 1.1 The Definition of Microbiome -- 1.2 Observational Studies in Humans Identified the Diet as a Strong Modulator of the Gut Microbiome -- 1.3 Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders Are Associated with Microbiome Changes -- 2 Targeting the Microbiome for Improving Metabolic Health in Humans -- 2.1 Inulin-Type Fructans -- 2.2 Galacto-Oligosaccharides -- 2.3 beta-Glucans -- 2.4 Arabinoxylans -- 2.5 Resistant Starch -- 3 Can the Gut Microbiome Predict the Efficacy of Dieting in Humans? -- 4 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- From Obesity to Diabetes: The Role of the Adipose Organ -- 1 White and Brown Adipose Tissues -- 1.1 White Adipose Tissue -- 1.2 Brown Adipose Tissue -- 2 The Adipose Organ -- 3 Adipose Organ Plasticity -- 4 The Adipose Organ in Obesity Disease -- 5 Adipose Organ Dysfunction, Inflammation, and T2DM in Obesity -- 6 New Browning Drugs -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Targeting Epicardial Fat in Obesity and Diabetes Pharmacotherapy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 EAT and Diabetes Mellitus -- 3 EAT and Obesity -- 4 EAT and GLP-1A -- 5 EAT and DPP4i -- 6 EAT and SGLT2i -- 7 EAT and TZDs -- 8 EAT and Metformin -- 9 EAT and Insulin -- 10 EAT and Statins -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- The Enteroendocrine System in Obesity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) -- 2.1 Intestinal GLP-1 Secretion -- 2.2 GLP-1 and the Incretin Effect -- 2.3 Anorexigenic Effects of GLP-1 -- 2.4 Gastrointestinal Effects of GLP-1 -- 2.5 Additional Actions of GLP-1. ; 3 Other Intestinal Proglucagon-Derived Peptides -- 3.1 GLP-2 -- 3.2 Oxyntomodulin -- 4 Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) -- 5 Peptide YY (PYY) -- 6 Cholecystokinin (CCK) -- 7 Dysregulation of Gut Hormones in Obesity -- 7.1 Alteration of EEC Expression Profiles by Diet or Obesity -- 7.2 Maintained Gut Hormone Function in Obesity -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Insights from Studies of White Adipose Tissue Using Single-Cell Approaches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Single-Cell Technologies: A Rapidly Evolving Field -- 3 Platforms to Study White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity -- 4 Exposures of Interest in Single-Cell Studies of White Adipose Tissue -- 5 Results Related to Specific White Adipose Tissue Resident Cells -- 5.1 Adipocyte Progenitors -- 5.2 Immune Cells -- 5.3 Mature Adipocytes -- 6 Future Perspectives -- References -- Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance: The Central Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Adipose Tissue Metabolism, Composition, and Insulin Resistance -- 2.1 Impact of Insulin on Lipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Expansion -- 2.2 Impact of Insulin on Lipolysis -- 2.3 Impact of Adipose Tissue Composition on IR -- 3 Impact of Adipose Tissue Distribution and Ectopic Fat Accumulation on IR -- 4 Obesity and Hepatic Insulin Resistance -- 5 Obesity and Muscle Insulin Resistance -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Obesity, Senescence, and Senolytics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obesity -- 3 Adipose Tissue -- 4 Cellular Senescence -- 5 Cellular Senescence in Obesity -- 6 Inducers of Cellular Senescence in Obesity -- 7 Implications of Cellular Senescence in Obesity -- 8 Senolytic Therapies in Obesity -- References -- Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Studies on Adipose Tissue -- 4 Effects of CPAP Treatment -- 5 New Drugs to Treat Obesity: Effects in OSA Patients -- 6 Conclusions. ; References -- Part II: Diabetes and Complications -- Inter-Organ Crosstalk in the Development of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance -- 1 From Obesity to Diabetes: The Role of Inter-Organ Crosstalk -- 2 Mediators of Communication: Soluble Factors of Inter-Organ Crosstalk -- 2.1 Adipokines -- 2.2 Myokines and Hepatokines: Toward the Organokine Concept -- 2.3 EVs as Shuttle of Biological Information -- 2.4 Other Circulating Messengers (miRNA, lncRNA, Fatty Acids) -- 3 Organ Crosstalk -- 3.1 AT-Liver Crosstalk -- 3.2 AT-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk -- 3.3 AT-Pancreas Crosstalk -- 3.4 Interaction Between AT and the Cardiovascular System -- 3.5 Interaction Between Gut Microbiota, Liver, and AT -- 4 Perspective: Taming Inter-Organ Mediators to Control Obesity? -- References -- Islet Inflammation and beta Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 T2D Etiology and Pathogenesis of beta Cell Failure -- 2.1 Definition of T2D -- 2.2 beta Cells at the Center of T2D -- 3 Islet-Resident Macrophages at Homeostasis -- 4 Islet Inflammation and Immune Cells in T2D Patients -- 4.1 Immune Cells in T2D Islets -- 4.2 Transcriptomic Analyses of T2D Islets -- 4.3 Islet Inflammation During the Progression of T2D -- 4.4 Islets in the Single-Cell Era -- 5 Islet Homeostasis During Metabolic Stress in Rodents -- 5.1 Islet Inflammation and Immune Cells in Obese and Diabetic Rodents -- 5.2 Phenotype of Mouse Islet Macrophages During Obesity and T2D -- 6 Interactions Between Macrophages and beta Cells in Islets -- 6.1 Cytokines and beta Cell Function -- 6.2 Macrophages and beta Cell Function -- 6.3 Macrophages and Islet Remodeling -- 7 Other Parameters Regulating Islet Inflammation and beta Cell Dysfunction -- 7.1 Islet Amyloid Deposition -- 7.2 Pancreatic Steatosis -- 7.3 Aging -- 8 In Vitro Exploration of Islet Glucolipotoxicity -- 9 Conclusions and Perspectives. ; References -- NAFLD and NASH: The Metabolically Diseased Liver -- 1 Definition -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Pathophysiology -- 4 Diagnostics -- 5 Management -- 5.1 Lifestyle -- 5.2 Pharmacotherapy -- References -- Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Novel Treatment Possibilities -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definition -- 1.2 Diagnosis -- 2 Pathogenesis of DKD -- 3 Current Therapies for DKD -- 3.1 Lifestyle Changes -- 3.2 Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Control -- 3.2.1 Blood Glucose -- SGLT-2 Inhibitors -- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists -- Incretin Therapies -- 3.2.2 Blood Pressure -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors -- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers -- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists -- 3.3 Lipid Management -- 4 Novel Experimental Drug Targets for DKD -- 4.1 Carbonyl and Oxidative Stress -- 4.1.1 AGE-RAGE -- AGE Formation Inhibitors -- RAGE Inhibitors -- 4.1.2 NOX -- NOX4 as a New Target in DKD -- NOX5 as a New Target in Human DKD -- NOX Inhibitors -- 4.1.3 Xanthine Oxidoreductase -- 4.1.4 Mitochondrial ROS -- 4.1.5 Antioxidants -- Nrf2-KEAP -- 4.2 Inflammation -- 4.2.1 Inflammasome -- Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome -- TLR4-NFκB-ROS Signaling Pathway -- 4.2.2 Novel Inflammation Inhibitors -- 4.2.3 Chemokines and Cytokines -- 4.2.4 JAK-STAT -- 4.2.5 Phosphodiesterase -- 5 Outlook -- References -- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Large- and Small Nerve Fibre Diabetic Neuropathy -- 3 Early Detection of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy -- 4 Pathophysiology of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy -- 5 Treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy -- 6 Diabetic Foot Ulcers -- 7 Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes -- 8 Conventional Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes -- 9 Pathogenic Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes -- References -- Part III: Lifestyle Modifications and Future Treatments. ; Weight Loss Strategies.
• Titolo autorizzato: From obesity to diabetes
• ISBN: 3-030-99995-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910585783603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology