Polysaccharides of microbial origin : biomedical applications / / edited by Joaquim Miguel Oliveira, Hajer Radhouani and Rui L. Reis

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1289 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.9041
• Soggetto topico: Microbial polysaccharides; Medical microbiology
• Persona (resp. second.): RadhouaniHajer; ReisRui L.; OliveiraJoaquim Miguel
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Context -- References -- Part I: Bacterial Polysaccharides -- 2 Glucans -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Glucans and the Immune System: Firsts Experiments -- 3 Immune Responses -- 3.1 Basis of the Immune Response to Polysaccharides -- 3.2 Dectin-1 Receptor -- 3.2.1 Other Dectin-1 Triggers -- 3.3 Glucan as Immunoadjuvant -- 3.3.1 Oral Administration -- 4 Final Considerations -- References -- 3 Levan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extraction, Isolation, Purification and Production Advanced Processes -- 2.1 Production by Fermentation -- 2.2 Enzymatic Production -- 3 Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Properties -- 3.1 Structural Properties -- 3.2 Rheology -- 3.3 Degree of Branching -- 3.4 Molecular Weight -- 3.5 Adhesive -- 3.6 Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity -- 3.7 Immunostimulant -- 3.8 Description of the Advanced Functionalization and Modification Methods -- 4 Applications and Uses in Medical and Pharmaceutical Fields -- 4.1 Healing Damaged Tissue -- 4.2 Cholesterol -- 4.3 Diabetes -- 4.4 Anticancer Activity -- 4.5 Calcium Absorption -- 4.6 Toxicity Decrease -- 4.7 Antimicrobial -- 4.8 Ulcer Treatment -- 4.9 Pharmaceuticals -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Gums -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production of Microorganism Gums -- 3 Antimicrobial Properties -- 4 Antioxidant Action -- 5 Anticancer Activity -- 6 Healing Capacity -- 7 Drug Delivery -- 8 Challenges in Microbial Gums -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 5 The Promise and Challenge of Microbial Alginate Production: A Product with Novel Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biosynthesis of Alginates and Their Biological Functions in Producing Bacteria -- 2.1 Postpolymerization Modification of Alginate -- 2.2 Biological Role of Alginate Production. ; 3 Industrial Production of Microbial Alginate: Challenges and Opportunities -- 3.1 Technical Challenges in Alginate Production from A. vinelandii -- 3.2 Nonpathogenic Strains of Pseudomonas as Promising Alginate Producers -- 4 Applications of Alginate in Food, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Sectors -- 4.1 Alginate Applications in Food Sectors -- 4.2 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Alginate -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Kefiran -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Kefiran from Kefir Grains and Kefir -- 3 Kefiran Structure -- 4 Kefiran from Microorganisms Isolated from Kefir Grains -- 5 Kefiran Production for Industrial Application -- 6 Biological Activity of Kefiran -- 6.1 Antimicrobial Activity -- 6.2 Bifidogenic Activity -- 6.3 Modulation of Immune and Inflammatory Response -- 6.4 Antitumoral -- 6.5 Other Biological Activities -- 7 Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Kefiran -- 7.1 Kefiran as Thickener Agent -- 7.2 Kefiran Gels -- 7.3 Kefiran-Based Films -- 7.4 Kefiran in Emulsions -- 8 Biomedical Application of Kefiran -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Microbial Glucuronans and Succinoglycans -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Glucuronans -- 2.1 Sources and Structures of Microbial Glucuronans (GP) -- 2.2 Enzymatically and Chemically Oxidized Glucans -- 2.3 Enzymes Acting on Glucuronans -- 3 Succinoglycans -- 3.1 Sources and Structures of Microbial Succinoglycans -- 3.2 Enzymes Acting on Succinoglycan -- 4 Rheology of Glucuronan and Succinoglycan -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Their Biological Roles -- 3 Biosynthesis -- 3.1 First Steps and Modification Enzymes -- 3.2 Assembly and Export -- 3.3 Regulatory Mechanisms -- 4 Optimization of Production and Isolation Procedures -- 5 Composition and Structure. ; 5.1 Tailoring -- 6 Biotechnological Applications -- 6.1 Water Treatment and Soil Conditioning -- 6.2 Food, Personal Care, and Other Industries -- 6.3 Biomedical -- 7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 9 Glycosaminoglycans -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structural Features -- 2.1 Heparin (HEP) and Heparan Sulfate (HPS) -- 2.2 Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) and Dermatan Sulfate (DS) -- 2.3 Keratan Sulfate (KS) -- 2.4 Hyaluronan/Hyaluronic Acid (HA) -- 3 Biosynthesis -- 4 Industrial Production of GAGs -- 5 Bacterial Production of GAGs -- 5.1 Bacterial Hyaluronan -- 5.2 Bacterial Chondroitin -- 5.3 Bacterial Heparosan -- 6 Properties and Clinical Applications -- 6.1 Hyaluronan -- 6.2 Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate -- 6.3 Heparin and Heparan Sulfate -- 6.4 Keratan Sulfate -- 7 Conclusions and Future Trends -- References -- Part II: Fungal and Microalgal Polysaccharides -- 10 Botryosphaeran -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Structure of Botryosphaeran -- 2.1 A Family of Botryosphaerans -- 2.2 Sulfonylation of Botryosphaeran: Anticoagulant and Antiviral Activities -- 3 Antimutagenicity and Chemopreventive Effect of Botryosphaeran -- 4 Anti-Obesogenic Activity of Botryosphaeran -- 5 Hypoglycemia and Hypocholesterolemia Exhibited by Botryosphaeran -- 5.1 Improving the Diabetic Condition -- 5.2 Improving the Dyslipidemic Condition -- 6 Anticancer Activity of Botryosphaeran -- 7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 11 Chitin and Its Derivatives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chitin Extraction and Structure -- 3 Chitin and Chitosan Properties -- 4 Chitin and Chitosan-Based Matrices: Processability and Chemical Modification -- 5 Biomedical Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives -- 5.1 Skin Regeneration -- 5.2 Bone Repair -- 5.3 Cartilage Regeneration -- 5.4 Infectious Diseases -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Chitosan. ; 1 Fungi Chitosan -- 1.1 Production -- 1.2 Extraction and Isolation -- 1.3 Purification and Production Advanced Processes -- 2 Biochemical and Biological Characteristics -- 2.1 Physicochemical Properties -- 2.1.1 Degree of Deacetylation -- 2.2 Biological Properties -- 3 Biotechnology Applications -- 3.1 Applications and Uses in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 3.2 Applications and Uses in Biomedical Fields -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 13 An Insight into Pullulan and Its Potential Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physicochemical Properties of Pullulan -- 3 Fermentative Production of Pullulan -- 3.1 Microbial Sources of Pullulan -- 3.2 Mechanism of Pullulan Synthesis -- 3.3 Upstream and Downstream Processing for Pullulan -- 3.4 Factors Influencing Pullulan Production -- 3.4.1 Fermentation Media Supplements -- Carbon Source -- Nitrogen Source -- Supplements -- 3.4.2 Fermentation Type -- 3.4.3 Bioreactor Configuration and Operation -- 3.4.4 Fermentation Time -- 3.4.5 Microbial Culture -- 3.4.6 Oxygen Intensity -- 3.4.7 pH -- 3.4.8 Temperature -- 4 Characterization of Pullulan -- 4.1 Structural Characterization -- 4.2 Molecular Weight -- 4.3 Thermal and Mechanical Properties -- 5 Surface Derivatization Approaches for Pullulan -- 5.1 Polyionic Derivatives -- 5.2 Cross-Linking -- 5.3 Hydrophobic Modification -- 5.4 Grafting -- 6 Recent Applications and Uses in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields -- 6.1 Pharmaceutical Formulations -- 6.2 Tissue Engineering -- 6.3 Targeted Drug Delivery -- 6.4 Gene Delivery -- 7 Future Perspectives -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Scleroglucan and Schizophyllan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structural Description -- 3 Physicochemical Aspects -- 3.1 Properties of Scleroglucan -- 3.1.1 Properties of Scleroglucan Aqueous Solutions -- 3.1.2 Rheological Properties of Scleroglucan -- 3.1.3 Physiological Properties of Scleroglucan. ; 3.2 Properties of Schizophyllan -- 3.2.1 Properties of Dilute Schizophyllan Solutions -- 3.2.2 Behavior of Concentrated Schizophyllan Solutions -- 3.2.3 Gelation Behavior of Schizophyllan -- 4 Production and Isolation of Scleroglucan and Schizophyllan -- 4.1 Production and Isolation of Scleroglucan -- 4.1.1 Biosynthesis of Scleroglucan -- 4.1.2 Fermentation Conditions for Scleroglucan Production -- 4.1.3 Downstream Processing for Recovery of Scleroglucan -- 4.2 Production and Isolation of Schizophyllan -- 5 Applications for Scleroglucan and Schizophyllan -- 5.1 Applications in the Food Industry -- 5.1.1 As Stabilizers, Viscosifiers/Thickeners, and Gelling Agents -- 5.1.2 Preparation of Edible Films -- 5.1.3 Production of Functional Foods -- 5.2 Biomedical/Pharmaceutical Applications -- 5.2.1 As Immunostimulants in Anticancer Activities -- 5.2.2 As Immunomodulators in Antitumor Activities -- 5.2.3 As Antiviral and Antimicrobial Agents -- 5.2.4 Hypocholesterolemic and Hypoglycemic Effects -- 5.2.5 Excipients -- 5.2.6 As Carriers for Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Bioactive Compounds -- 6 Conclusion/Perspectives -- References -- 15 Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sulfated Polysaccharides: Their Properties -- 2.1 Fucoidan -- 2.2 Carrageenan -- 2.3 Agar -- 2.4 Ulvan -- 3 Bioactive/Biological Properties of Sulfated Polysaccharides -- 3.1 Fucoidan -- 3.2 Carrageenan -- 3.3 Agar -- 3.4 Ulvan -- 4 Biomedical Application -- 4.1 Fucoidan -- 4.2 Carrageenan -- 4.3 Agar -- 4.4 Ulvan -- 5 Conclusions and Final Remarks -- References -- 16 Polysaccharides Produced by Microalgae -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Structures of Polysaccharides from Commercial Microalgae -- 3 Commercial Microalgae -- 3.1 Species -- 3.2 Spirulina -- 3.3 Chlorella -- 3.4 Nannochloropsis -- 3.5 Tetraselmis -- 3.6 Isochrysis -- 3.7 Thalassiosira -- 3.8 Dunaliella. ; 3.9 Phaeodactylum.
• Titolo autorizzato: Polysaccharides of Microbial Origin
• ISBN: 3-030-42215-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910551826803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II