Lightning engineering : physics, computer-based test-bed, protection of ground and airborne systems / / Paul Hoole, Samuel Hoole

• Autore: Hoole Paul
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (314 pages)
• Disciplina: 551.5632
• Soggetto topico: Lightning
• Persona (resp. second.): HooleSamuel
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- An Outline of the Contents of the Book -- The Unique Contribution of this Book -- Contents -- 1 Introduction to Lightning and Lightning Protection -- 1.1 The Lightning Flash: General Characteristics and Damage Caused -- 1.2 The Leader Stroke -- 1.3 The Return Stroke -- 1.3.1 General Description -- 1.3.2 The Empirical Model -- 1.3.3 Lightning Return Stroke Models -- 1.4 Lightning Radiated Electromagnetic Pulses (LEMP) -- 1.4.1 Computation of Radiated Electromagnetic Pulses -- 1.4.2 Calculating Rate of Rise of Currents from Measured Electric Fields -- 1.5 Electromagnetic Waves -- 1.6 Lightning Protection: An Introduction -- 1.6.1 Lightning Effects -- 1.6.2 Effects of Lightning on Aircraft -- 1.6.3 Lightning Effects on Electric Power Systems Network -- 1.6.4 Substation Protection Systems -- 1.6.5 Rolling Sphere Method Applied in Substation Protections -- 1.6.6 Lightning Protection Methods for Buildings and Infrastructures -- 1.7 Lightning, Climate, Upper ionosphere, and Other Planets -- 1.7.1 Effect of Temperature on Lightning -- 1.7.2 Effect of Lightning on Troposphere -- 1.8 Summary -- Bibliography -- 2 Thunderstorms and Pre-lightning Electrostatics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Formation of Thunderclouds -- 2.3 The Climatology of Lightning -- 2.3.1 Cloud Electrification -- 2.3.2 Cloud Electric Charge Formation -- 2.4 Negative Lightning Discharge Process -- 2.4.1 The Negative Lightning -- 2.4.2 The Electric Discharge Process -- 2.5 Lightning-Aircraft Electrostatic Interactions -- 2.5.1 Two Types of Attachment Initiation -- 2.5.2 Aircraft-Triggered Lightning -- 2.5.3 Aircraft Intercepted Lightning -- 2.6 Probability of Lightning Strike to Aircraft -- 2.6.1 Factors Affecting Probability -- 2.6.2 Probability Dependence on Aircraft Size -- 2.6.3 Probability Dependence on Flight Profile. ; 2.6.4 Probability Dependence on Geographic Area of Operations -- 2.7 Thundercloud Induced Electrostatic Charges -- 2.8 Pre-lightning Flash Electrostatics of Thunderstorms: Analysis -- 2.8.1 The Electrostatic Fields -- 2.8.2 Aircraft and Electric Dipole Placements -- 2.8.3 Determining the Electric Charges Induced on an Aircraft and the Electric Fields Generated Around an Aircraft Body -- 2.8.4 Analysis of the Airbus A380 Aircraft Results -- 2.8.5 Zoning -- 2.8.6 A F16 Military Aircraft Flying Between Two Charged Centers -- 2.9 Electrostatic Fields of Pre-lightning Thundercloud Environment -- 2.10 Electrostatic Computation and Evaluation: A Computer-Based Tool -- 2.11 Personal Lightning Safety -- Bibliography -- 3 Lightning Protection of Domestic, Commercial, and Transport Systems -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Lightning Protection of Houses -- 3.2.1 An Overview -- 3.2.2 Choosing Service Entrance Surge Protectors (SPDs) -- 3.2.3 Surge Current Rating -- 3.2.4 Ground Potential Rise -- 3.2.5 Signal Protectors -- 3.2.6 Inter-System Bonding -- 3.2.7 Special Purpose Protectors -- 3.3 Boats -- 3.4 Photovoltaic (PV) Systems -- 3.5 Frequency Converter Protection -- 3.6 Networks and Interactive Services -- 3.7 Wind Turbines -- 3.8 Historic Buildings -- Bibliography -- 4 Practice of Lightning Protection: Risk Assessment, External Protection, Internal Protection, Surge Protection, Air Termination, Down Conductor, Earthing, and Shielding -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Principles of Lightning Protection -- 4.3 Risk Management -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Risk Assessment: Basics -- 4.3.3 Advanced Risk Assessment -- 4.4 Inspection of Lightning Protection System -- 4.5 Internal Lightning Protection -- 4.5.1 Surge Protection Measures -- 4.5.2 Lightning Protection Zones -- 4.5.3 SPM Management -- 4.6 Equipotential Bonding for Metal Installations -- 4.6.1 Prologue. ; 4.6.2 Equipotential Bonding for Metal Installations at the Boundary of LPZ0A and LPZ1 -- 4.6.3 Equipotential Bonding for Metal Installations at Boundary of LPZ 1 and LPZ 2 -- 4.6.4 Protective Equipotential Bonding -- 4.6.5 Earth-Termination System for Equipotential Bonding -- 4.6.6 Protective Bonding Conductors -- 4.6.7 Equipotential Bonding Bars -- 4.6.8 Integrating Pipes in Equipotential Bonding System -- 4.6.9 Testing and Monitoring Equipotential Bonding System -- 4.6.10 Supplementary Protective Equipotential Bonding -- 4.6.11 Minimum Cross Section for Equipotential Bonding Conductors -- 4.6.12 Equipotential Bonding for Power Supply Systems -- 4.6.13 Equipotential Bonding for Power Supply Systems at the Boundary of LPZ0A and LPZ1 -- 4.6.14 Equipotential Bonding for Power Supply Systems at the Boundary of LPZ0A and LPZ2 -- 4.6.15 Equipotential Bonding for Power Supply Systems at the Boundary of LPZ1-LPZ2 -- 4.7 Equipotential Bonding for Information Technology (IT) Systems -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 Equipotential Bonding for IT Systems at the Boundary of LPZ0A and LPZ1 -- 4.7.3 Equipotential Bonding for IT Systems at the Boundary of LPZ0A and LPZ2 -- 4.7.4 Equipotential Bonding for IT Systems at the Boundary of LPZ 1 and LPZ 2 and Higher -- 4.8 Protection of Antenna Systems -- 4.9 Protection of Optical Fiber Installations -- 4.10 Telecommunication Lines -- 4.11 Choosing Internal Lightning Protection System: Type of Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) -- 4.12 External Lightning Protection -- 4.13 Air-Termination Systems -- 4.13.1 Isolated and Non-isolated Air-Termination Systems -- 4.13.2 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Different Types of Roof -- 4.13.3 Air-Termination System for Building with Gable Roofs -- 4.13.4 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Flat Roofs -- 4.13.5 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Metal Roofs. ; 4.13.6 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Thatched Roofs -- 4.13.7 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Inaccessible Roofs -- 4.13.8 Air-Termination System for Buildings with Green Roofs -- 4.13.9 Air-Termination System for Steeples and Churches -- 4.13.10 Air-Termination Rods Subjected to Wind Loads -- 4.13.11 Safety System and Lightning Protection -- 4.14 Down Conductors -- 4.14.1 Determination of the Number of Down Conductors -- 4.14.2 Down Conductors for a Non-isolated Lightning Protection System -- 4.15 Earth-Termination System -- 4.16 Manufacturer's Test of Lightning Protection Components -- 4.17 Shielding of electrical and electronic systems against LEMP -- 4.17.1 Magnetic Field Calculations for Shielding -- 4.17.2 Calculation of the Magnetic Field Strength in Case of A Direct Lightning Strike -- 4.17.3 To Determine the Magnetic Field in Case of Nearby Lightning Strike -- 4.17.4 Implementation of the Magnetic Shield Attenuation of Building/Room Shield -- 4.17.5 Cable Shielding -- References -- 5 Lightning Physics, Modeling, and Radiated Electromagnetic Fields -- 5.1 Introduction: The Need for Computer-Based Testbeds for Lightning Testing -- 5.2 Lightning Return Stroke -- 5.2.1 Electromagnetic Wave Nature of the Lightning Return Stroke -- 5.2.2 Lightning Return Stroke Models -- 5.3 Analysis of Experimental Data of Lightning Return Stroke -- 5.3.1 Background -- 5.3.2 Lightning Current and Electromagnetic Field Measurements -- 5.3.3 The Empirical Models: Lumped Circuit Model and the Curve Fitting Model -- 5.4 The Distributed Circuit, Transmission Line Model (DLCRM) -- 5.4.1 Background to the DLCRM -- 5.4.2 The Transmission Line Dispersion Relation -- 5.4.3 Numerical Solution of the Transmission Line Wave Equation -- 5.4.4 Return Stroke Velocity and the Transmission Line Model. ; 5.5 Negative Cloud to Ground Earth Flash Return Stroke: Simulated by the DLCRM -- 5.5.1 Background -- 5.5.2 LRS Currents from DLCRM Simulation -- 5.5.3 Calculation of the Electric and Magnetic Fields Radiated from the Lightning Currents -- 5.5.4 Computed Electromagnetic Field Pulses LEMPs -- 5.5.5 LRS Electric and Magnetic Fields Calculated from Currents Obtained from DLCRM Simulation -- 5.5.6 Summary -- 5.6 A Case Study: Lightning Interaction with Aircraft -- 5.6.1 Aircraft and Lightning Protection -- 5.6.2 Computation of Lightning Currents and Voltage on An Aircraft -- References -- 6 Localization and Identification of Acoustic and Radio Wave Signals Using Signal Wavefronts with Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Lightning -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methodology: Test Signals and Wavefronts -- 6.2.1 Methodology for Acoustic Signals -- 6.2.2 Methodology for Radio Wave Signals -- 6.3 Test Results -- 6.3.1 Test Results of Acoustic Signal Model -- 6.3.2 Test Results of Radio Wave Model -- 6.4 An Array Antenna for Direction and Identity of Lightning Radiated Signals -- 6.5 Application of the Perceptron ANN for UHF Lightning Flash Detection -- 6.6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 7 Lightning Electrodynamics: Electric Power Systems and Aircraft -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Lightning and Electric Power Systems -- 7.1.2 Lightning and Aircraft -- 7.2 Circuit Elements Used in Back Flashover and Shielding Failure Performances -- 7.2.1 Preamble -- 7.2.2 Tower Surge Impedance -- 7.2.3 Shield Wire Surge Impedance -- 7.2.4 Tower Ground Resistance -- 7.2.5 Conductor Circuit Elements -- 7.3 Lightning Fash Parameters -- 7.3.1 Ground Flash Density -- 7.3.2 Number of Lightning Strokes to the Line -- 7.4 Simulations of Lightning Flash to a Transmission Line -- 7.4.1 Back Flashover Analysis for 500 kV Transmission Line. ; 7.4.2 Sub-microsecond Analysis of Conductor Back Flashover Current at Substation Tower.
• Titolo autorizzato: Lightning engineering
• ISBN: 3-030-94728-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910544877903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II