Tigris and Euphrates rivers : their environment from headwaters to mouth / / Laith A. Jawad, editor

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1612 pages)
• Disciplina: 577.64
• Soggetto topico: Stream ecology; Water-supply - Management
• Persona (resp. second.): JawadLaith A.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 There Were a Civilization -- 1.2 Highlights on the Climate of Mesopotamia -- 1.3 Groundwater Depletion and Drought, Two Crises to Confront -- 1.4 International Law Perspective of the Waters of Euphrates-Tigris Rivers -- 1.5 Towards Restoring of the Riverine Landscapes -- References -- Part I: Historical Perspectives -- Chapter 2: Vertebrates of Upper Mesopotamia: Present Evidence and Archaeological Data -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biogeographical Features -- 2.3 A Vanished World -- 2.4 The Beavers in the Khabur-Euphrates Basin -- 2.5 Extant Fauna. Mammals -- 2.6 Birds and Reptiles -- 2.7 Inside the Rivers and Along Their Shores -- 2.8 Vanishing Wild Boars -- 2.9 Mesopotamian Otters -- 2.10 Middle and Far Eastern Mongooses -- 2.11 Aliens from the Indian Subcontinent and Beyond -- 2.12 Deer of Mesopotamia -- 2.13 Monkeys -- 2.14 Syrian Elephants -- 2.15 The Water Buffalo -- 2.16 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Fishing Gears and Methods: A Comparison of Ancient Mesopotamia and Other Ancient Worlds -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fish as a Commercial Commodity -- 3.3 The Role of Fish Remains in Defining Fishing Gear and Sites -- 3.4 Fishing Gear and Practices -- 3.5 Similarities and Differences Between the Fishing Gears of Mesopotamia and the Other Ancient Regions of the World -- References -- Chapter 4: Ichthyological Characteristics Available in the Fish Images Existed in the Art of the Ancient Mesopotamia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chronology of Mesopotamia and Egypt -- 4.3 Ichthyological Terms -- 4.4 Ichthyological Description of the Fish Images -- 4.5 Comparison of the Inclusion of the Ichthyological Features in the Fish Images Drawn by the Ancient Mesopotamian and Egypti... -- Appendix 1. Chronology of Mesopotamia. ; Appendix 2. Chronology of Ancient Egypt (Hawass 2019) -- References -- Chapter 5: The Effectiveness of Ancient Mesopotamian Medical Practices: The Example of susu-Licorice -- 5.1 Ancient Mesopotamian Uses of susu-Licorice in Modern Perspective -- 5.2 What About Accidental Poisonings by Licorice? -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Mesopotamian Medicine -- Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis/inflata, etc in ``Traditional´´ Medicine -- Articles -- Glycyrrhiza sp. in Modern Medicine -- Articles -- Part II: The Abiotic Aspects of the Tigris-Euphrates River System -- Chapter 6: Management of Water Resources Using Storage Reservoirs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Climatic and Hydrologic Conditions -- 6.3 Traditional Operation of Major Reservoirs -- 6.4 Multiple Criteria Optimization of Parametric Reservoir Operating Rule -- 6.4.1 Multiple Criteria Analysis -- 6.5 Game Theoretic Approach -- 6.5.1 Bargaining as an Important Aspect in Water Resources Allocation in Iraq -- 6.5.2 Extensive-Form Game with Imperfect Information -- 6.5.3 Modeling the Decision-Making Process -- 6.5.4 Uncertainty Regarding Nature and Players´ Decision -- 6.5.5 Modeling Players´ Payoff -- 6.5.6 Players´ Rational Decisions Constituting Equilibrium -- 6.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Estimation of Irrigated Agricultural Area and Water Consumption in Iraq -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Transboundary Water Dispute Over Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -- 7.1.2 Objectives of This Chapter -- 7.2 Framework of the Study -- 7.2.1 Overview of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -- 7.2.2 Target AREA and Period of the Study -- 7.3 Estimation of Irrigated Agricultural Land of Iraq Using Satellite Remote Sensing Imageries -- 7.3.1 Materials and Methods -- 7.3.2 Results and Discussions -- 7.4 Water Budget Analysis of Iraq -- 7.4.1 Conceptualization of Water Balance of Study Area. ; 7.4.2 Materials and Methods -- 7.4.3 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: The Nature of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Flow: Current Status and Future Prospective -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Hydrological Characteristic of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin -- 8.2.1 Tigris River Sketch -- 8.2.2 Euphrates River Sketch -- 8.3 Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Flow Patterns -- 8.4 Evaluation and Future Prospective -- References -- Chapter 9: Streamflow Alteration Impacts with Particular Reference to the Lower Zab River, Tributary of the Tigris River -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Background -- 9.1.2 Rationale, Aim, Objectives, and Importance -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.2.1 Illustrative Case Study Area -- 9.2.2 Data Availability, Collection, and Analysis -- 9.2.3 Drought Identification -- 9.2.4 Hydrograph Analysis -- 9.2.5 Reservoir Capacity-Yield Simulation and Performance Indices -- 9.2.6 Methodology Application -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Long-Term Hydro-Climatic Data Changes -- 9.3.2 Drought Identification and Classification -- 9.3.3 Anthropogenic Intervention Impact -- 9.3.3.1 Streamflow -- 9.3.3.2 Baseflow Contribution -- 9.3.4 Climate Change Impact -- 9.3.4.1 Baseflow Contribution -- 9.3.4.2 Streamflow and Reservoir Performance -- 9.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 10: Ecohydrology in Iraq: Challenges and its Future Pathways -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Matters on Water, Habitats, and Communal Growth in Iraq -- 10.3 The Existing Ecohydrology Uses and their Tests in Iraq -- 10.4 Developing Chances -- 10.5 Ecohydrology and the Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Iraq -- 10.6 Ecohydrology and Fisheries Management in Iraq -- 10.7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 11: Oil Pollution in the Shatt Al-Arab River and its Estuary 1980-2018 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Water Quality. ; 11.3 Water Pollution -- 11.4 Water Pollution of the Shatt Al-Arab River -- 11.5 Materials and Methods Usually Used for Oil Pollution -- 11.5.1 Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Water -- 11.5.1.1 PHC´s in the Dissolved Phase of Water -- 11.5.1.2 PHC´s Extraction as Suspended Particulate Matter -- 11.5.1.3 PHC´s in Sediments -- 11.5.1.4 PHC´s in Fish Samples -- 11.6 Results and Discussion -- 11.7 Conclusion -- 11.8 Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 12: Pesticides in the Waters, Sediments, and Biota of the Shatt Al-Arab River for the Period 1980-2017 -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Study Area -- 12.2.2 Materials -- 12.2.3 Sample Collection -- 12.2.4 Extraction of Pesticides in Environmental Samples -- 12.2.4.1 Water Samples -- 12.2.4.2 Sediment Samples -- 12.2.4.3 Fish Samples -- 12.2.5 Analysis -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.3.1 Organochlorine Pesticides in Water -- 12.3.2 Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments -- 12.3.3 Organochlorine Pesticides in Fishes -- 12.4 Comparison with Worldwide Levels -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Surface Water Salinity of the Euphrates, Tigris, and Shatt al-Arab Rivers -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Tigris River -- 13.2.1 Tigris River Hydrology -- 13.2.2 Salinity and the Alteration of the River Flow Regime -- 13.2.3 Salinity of the Tigris River -- 13.2.3.1 Historical Review -- 13.2.3.2 Recent Salinity Analysis -- 13.2.3.3 Longitudinal Salinity Profile -- 13.2.4 Lake Tharthar -- 13.3 The Euphrates River -- 13.3.1 Euphrates River Hydrology -- 13.3.2 The Euphrates Salinity -- 13.3.2.1 History of Salinity Variation -- 13.3.2.2 Recent Changes in Salinity -- 13.3.2.3 The Euphrates Salinity Profile within Iraq -- 13.3.3 The Euphrates Salinity Causes within Iraq -- 13.3.3.1 Decrease of Inflow from the Upper Euphrates. ; 13.3.3.2 Flow Diversion from the Tigris Through Lake Tharthar to the Euphrates -- 13.3.3.3 Iraqi Irrigation Return Flow -- 13.3.3.4 Groundwater Discharge -- 13.4 Shatt al-Arab Waterway -- 13.4.1 Hydrology of Shatt al-Arab -- 13.4.2 Salinity of Shatt al-Arab -- 13.4.2.1 Salinity Issues for the Shatt al-Arab -- 13.4.2.2 Salinity Analysis at Basra -- 13.4.2.3 The Shatt al-Arab and the Marshes -- 13.5 Water Salinity Management Options -- References -- Chapter 14: Renewable Energy for Water-Energy Nexus in Euphrates and Tigris River Basin: A Literature Review -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Water-Energy Nexus -- 14.3 Quantifying Water-Energy Nexus -- 14.3.1 Water Usage in Energy Production -- 14.3.1.1 Water in Hydropower Stations -- 14.3.1.2 Water in Thermal Power Stations -- 14.3.1.3 Water in Bioenergy -- 14.3.1.4 Water in Fossil Energy Extraction and Distribution -- 14.3.2 Energy Consumption in the Water Sector -- 14.4 Renewable Energy in the ETRB -- 14.4.1 Renewables for Power -- Resources, Current Trend and Potentials in the ETRB -- 14.4.1.1 Hydropower -- 14.4.1.2 Solar Energy -- 14.4.1.3 Wind Energy Resources -- 14.4.1.4 Biomass Energy Resources and Biofuels -- 14.4.1.5 Geothermal Energy Resources -- 14.4.1.6 Ocean, Wave and Tide Resources -- 14.4.1.7 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells -- 14.4.1.8 Summary of the Renewables Status in the ETRB Riparian States -- 14.4.2 Energy Storage Technologies -- 14.4.3 Renewables for Water Technologies -- 14.4.3.1 Renewable Energy in Waste Treatment -- 14.4.3.2 Renewable Energy in Water Pumping and Conveyance -- 14.4.3.3 Renewable Energy for Heat -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Impacts of Dams on Aquatic Biodiversity, Fisheries, Fishes and Their Environment: Problems that Could Be Present i... -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Ancient Mesopotamians and Irrigation Problems -- 15.3 Impacts of Dams. ; 15.3.1 Ecological Impacts.
• Titolo autorizzato: Tigris and Euphrates rivers
• ISBN: 3-030-57570-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910502663703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Aquatic ecology series ; ; Volume 11.