Watershed erosion processes / / Tongxin Zhu and Xiangzhou Xu

• Autore: Zhu Tongxin
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (175 pages)
• Disciplina: 631.45
• Soggetto topico: Soil erosion; Watershed management
• Persona (resp. second.): XuXiangzhou
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Soil Erosion and Its Impact -- 1.2 Watershed Erosion Processes -- 1.3 Research Itinerary -- References -- 2: Watershed Characteristics -- 2.1 The Loess Plateau -- 2.2 The Study Watershed -- 2.2.1 Climate -- 2.2.2 Lithological, Soil, and Hydrological Setting -- 2.2.3 Topographic and Land-Use Conditions -- References -- 3: Sheet and Rill Erosion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Field Experimental Setting and Methods -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 Slope Gradient -- 3.3.2 Soil and Water Loss on Different Land Use Conditions -- 3.3.3 Effects of Crusting on Soil Moisture, Runoff and Soil Loss -- Soil Moisture -- Runoff and Sediments -- Hillslopes -- 3.3.4 Soil Shear Strength -- 3.4 Synthesis, Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 4: Gully Erosion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methods and Study Objectives -- 4.3 Distribution and Classification of the Gullies/Channels -- 4.4 Morphological Characteristics of Gullies/Ephemeral Streams -- 4.5 Geomorphic Features within the Gully Systems -- 4.6 Spatial Variability of Soil Shear Strength within the Gully Systems -- 4.7 Gully Formation and Development Processes -- 4.7.1 Water Erosion at Gully Head -- 4.7.2 Gully Development and Tunnel Formation -- 4.7.3 Mass Movement in Gully Development -- 4.8 Gully Susceptibility Mapping -- 4.8.1 Controlling Factors of Gully Development -- Topographic Conditions -- Land Use -- Lithology -- Roads -- Tunnels -- Hydrologic Conditions -- 4.8.2 Susceptibility Mapping -- 4.9 Evaluation of Sediment Production by Gullies -- 4.10 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 5: Mass Movement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Study Area and Methodology -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Types and Distribution of Mass Movement -- 5.3.2 Factors Influencing Mass Movement. ; 5.3.3 Mass Movement Susceptibility Mapping -- 5.3.4 Sediment Production by Mass Movement -- 5.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 6: Tunnel Erosion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surveys of Tunnel Systems -- 6.2.1 Methods for Surveying Tunnel Systems -- 6.2.2 Size and Distribution of Tunnel Inlets -- 6.3 Locations of Tunnels -- 6.3.1 Tunnel Inlets -- 6.3.2 Tunnel Systems -- 6.4 Tunnel Initiation -- 6.5 Tunnel Development over a 12-Year Period -- 6.6 The Effect of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils on Tunnel Formation -- 6.7 Hydrological and Sediment Processes of Tunnel Flows -- 6.8 Tunnel Contributions to the Catchment Flow Discharges and Sediment Yields -- 6.9 A Comparison of Erosion Between the Tunneled and Untunnled Slopes -- 6.10 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- 7: Spatial Distributions and Interactions of Different Erosion Processes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methods -- 7.3 Spatial Distribution of Different Erosion Processes -- 7.4 Spatial Interactions of Mass Movements, Tunnels, and Gullies -- 7.4.1 Mass Movement and Gully Erosion -- 7.4.2 Tunnel Development and Mass Movement -- 7.4.3 Gully Development and Tunnel Formation -- 7.5 Intergully and Gully Erosion Processes -- 7.6 Implications for Erosion Control -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8: Soil and Water Loss and Its Control at the Different Spatial Scales -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Site -- 8.3 Runoff and Soil Loss in the WJG Watershed -- 8.4 Soil and Water Loss from the Unmanaged and Managed Subwatersheds -- 8.4.1 Characteristics of the YDG and CZG Subwatersheds -- 8.4.2 Annual Soil and Water Loss -- 8.4.3 Soil and Water Loss on an Event Basis -- 8.5 Effectiveness of Different Conservation Measures in Reducing Soil and Water Loss at Plot Scale. ; 8.6 Soil and Water Loss from the Unmanaged Land and Geomorphic Units in the WJG Watershed -- 8.7 Sediment Budget in the YDG and CZG Subwatersheds as well as in the WJG Watershed -- 8.8 Discussion -- 8.9 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Simulation Modeling of Hydrological and Erosion Processes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Topog Model -- 9.3 Erode Model -- 9.4 Conclusion, Challenges, and Future Work -- References -- 10: Soil Erosion and Control: A Retrospective Study on the Loess Plateau of China -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Data and Methods -- 10.4 Non-uniformity of Runoff Generation -- 10.5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Erosion -- 10.6 Sediment Production by Different Erosion Processes -- 10.7 Soil Loss Controlled by Conservation Practices -- 10.8 Discussion -- 10.8.1 Mechanism Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Measures -- 10.8.2 Role of Check Dams in Reducing Soil and Water Loss -- 10.9 Conclusion -- References -- Index.
• Titolo autorizzato: Watershed Erosion Processes
• ISBN: 3-030-81151-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910502649603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Geography of the Physical Environment