Thyroid, obesity and metabolism : exploring links between thyroid function, obesity, metabolism and lifestyle / / Livio Luzi, editor

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (262 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.44
• Soggetto topico: Thyroid gland - Diseases; Tiroide; Obesitat; Trastorns del metabolisme
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): LuziLivio
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Part I: Thyroid -- Chapter 1: Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Function -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Iodine Absorption and Metabolism -- 1.2.1 Iodine Requirements and Tolerable Upper Levels -- 1.2.2 Thyroidal Adaptation to Iodine Deficiency -- 1.3 Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy and Fetal Brain -- 1.3.1 Maternal Thyroid Adaptation to Iodine Deficiency -- 1.3.2 Fetal Consequences of Maternal Iodine Deficiency -- 1.3.3 Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy -- 1.3.4 Iodine and Lactating Mothers -- 1.4 Iodine Deficiency in Infancy and Childhood -- 1.5 Iodine Deficiency in Adults and Elderly -- 1.6 Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders -- 1.6.1 Monitoring of Iodine Prophylaxis Programs -- References -- Chapter 2: Classification of Thyroid Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hypothyroidism -- 2.2.1 Autoimmune Thyroiditis -- 2.2.2 Subclinical Hypothyroidism -- 2.2.3 Iodine-Induced Hypothyroidism -- 2.2.4 Drug-Induced Hypothyroidism -- 2.2.5 Congenital Hypothyroidism -- 2.2.6 Central Hypothyroidism -- 2.3 Hyperthyroidism -- 2.3.1 Graves' Disease -- 2.3.2 Toxic Nodular Disease -- 2.3.3 Thyroiditis -- 2.3.4 Drug-Induced Hyperthyroidism -- 2.3.5 Iodine-Induced Hyperthyroidism -- 2.3.6 Subclinical Hyperthyroidism -- 2.4 Thyroid Nodular Diseases -- 2.4.1 Follicular-Derived Thyroid Cancers -- 2.4.1.1 Differentiated Thyroid Cancers -- 2.4.1.2 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers -- 2.4.2 Neuroendocrine C-Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer -- 2.4.2.1 Medullary Thyroid Cancers -- References -- Chapter 3: Techniques to Study Thyroid Function and Morphology -- 3.1 The Role of Ultrasound -- 3.2 Normal Anatomy -- 3.3 Diffuse Thyroid Pathology -- 3.4 Nodular Thyroid Pathology -- 3.4.1 Hyperplastic Adenomatous Nodule -- 3.5 Sonoelastography -- 3.6 CEUS -- 3.7 Parathyroid Glands and Lymphnodes -- Bibliography. ; Chapter 4: Overt Hyperthyroidism and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Who and How to Treat -- 4.1 Hyperthyroidism -- 4.1.1 Diagnosis -- 4.1.2 Treatment -- 4.1.2.1 GD -- ATD -- ATD and Side Effects -- 4.1.2.2 Choice of Treatment -- ATD -- Radioiodine -- Surgery -- Overview -- 4.2 Multinodular Toxic Goiter (MTG): Toxic Adenoma -- 4.3 Thyrotoxic Storm -- 4.4 Hyperthyroidism and GO -- 4.5 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis (AIT) -- 4.6 Hyperthyroidism and Pregnancy -- 4.6.1 Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (SH) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Minimally Invasive Treatments of Benign Thyroid Nodules: Techniques and Results -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 Indications -- 5.3 Techniques -- 5.4 Clinical Applications -- References -- Part II: Obesity -- Chapter 6: Obesity: Classification and Diagnosis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Definition and Diagnosis of Obesity -- 6.2.1 Body Mass Index -- 6.2.2 Adiposity -- 6.3 Classification of Obesity -- 6.3.1 The Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) -- 6.3.2 The Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) -- 6.3.3 The Metabolically Obese Normal Weight (MONW) Phenotype -- 6.3.4 Normal Weight Obese (NWO) Syndrome -- 6.3.5 Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) -- 6.4 Secondary Causes of Obesity -- 6.4.1 Endocrine Causes -- 6.4.1.1 Cushing's Syndrome -- 6.4.1.2 Hypothyroidism -- 6.4.1.3 Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS) -- 6.4.1.4 Growth Hormone Deficiency -- 6.4.1.5 Hypogonadism -- 6.4.1.6 Pseudohypoparathyroidism -- 6.4.1.7 Hypothalamic Disorders -- 6.4.2 Genetic Causes -- 6.4.2.1 Leptin and Leptin Receptor Deficiency -- 6.4.2.2 POMC Deficiency -- 6.4.2.3 MCR4 Deficiency -- 6.4.2.4 Prader-Willi Syndrome -- 6.4.3 Iatrogenic Causes -- 6.4.3.1 Medication -- 6.4.4 Eating Disorders -- References -- Chapter 7: Complications of Obesity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Metabolic Syndrome -- 7.2.1 Altered Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. ; 7.2.2 Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease -- 7.2.3 Elevated Blood Pressure -- 7.2.4 Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity -- 7.3 Vascular System -- 7.3.1 Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease -- 7.3.2 Prothrombotic State -- 7.4 Respiratory System -- 7.5 Gastrointestinal System -- 7.6 Kidney and Urinary System Disorders -- 7.6.1 Chronic Kidney Disease -- 7.6.2 Other Disorders -- 7.7 Musculoskeletal System -- 7.7.1 Bone and Joint Diseases -- 7.7.2 Sarcopenic Obesity -- 7.8 Reproductive System -- 7.9 Neurological and Psychological Disorders -- 7.10 Nutritional Deficiencies -- 7.11 Cancer -- 7.12 Immunity and Infections -- 7.13 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Techniques to Study Metabolism -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Direct Calorimetry -- 8.3 Indirect Calorimetry -- 8.4 Doubly Labelled Water -- 8.5 Accelerometer/Metabolic Holter -- 8.6 In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) -- 8.6.1 1H-MRS -- 8.6.2 13C-MRS -- 8.6.3 31P-MRS -- References -- Chapter 9: Obesity: Medical and Surgical Treatment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Medical Treatment -- 9.2.1 Pharmacological Treatment Options for Obesity Care -- 9.2.1.1 FDA-Approved Medications for Weight Management in the Short-Term -- 9.2.1.2 FDA-Approved Medications for Weight Management in the Long Term -- Orlistat -- Efficacy -- Effect on Body Weight -- Effect on Metabolism -- Safety and Adverse Effects -- Phentermine/Topiramate -- Efficacy -- Effect on Body Weight -- Effect on Metabolism -- Safety and Adverse Effects -- Lorcaserin -- Efficacy -- Effect on Body Weight -- Effect on Metabolism -- Safety and Adverse Effects -- Bupropion/Naltrexone -- Efficacy -- Effect on Body Weight -- Effect on Metabolism -- Safety and Adverse Effects -- Liraglutide 3.0 -- Efficacy -- Effect on Body Weight -- Effect on Metabolism -- Safety and Adverse Effects. ; 9.2.2 Off-Label Medications for Weight Control -- 9.2.2.1 Metformin -- 9.2.2.2 Topiramate -- 9.2.2.3 Zonisamide -- 9.2.2.4 Bupropion -- 9.2.2.5 Pramlintide -- 9.2.3 Future Anti-Obesity Targets for Obesity Pharmacotherapy -- 9.2.4 Conclusion -- 9.3 Surgical Treatment -- 9.3.1 Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (BMS) -- 9.3.2 Patient Selection -- 9.3.3 Surgical Procedures -- 9.3.3.1 Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) (Fig. 9.1) -- 9.3.3.2 Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) (Fig. 9.2) -- 9.3.3.3 Adjustable Gastric Band (AGB) (Fig. 9.3) -- 9.3.3.4 Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS) (Fig. 9.4) -- 9.3.3.5 One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) (Fig. 9.6) -- 9.3.4 Metabolic Surgery: The Manipulation of the Gastrointestinal Tract to Condition the Brain -- References -- Part III: Thyroid, Obesity and Metabolism -- Chapter 10: Thyroid and Obesity -- 10.1 Obesity and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease -- 10.2 Obesity and Thyroid Cancer -- 10.3 Thyroid Ultrasound Examination in Obese Patients -- 10.4 Adipocytes and Thyroid Function -- 10.5 Thermogenesis and Thyroid Hormones -- 10.6 Thyroid and Ghrelin -- References -- Chapter 11: Thyroid Dysfunction and Metabolism: Diagnosis and Follow-Up -- 11.1 Background -- 11.2 Measurement of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) -- 11.3 The Role of Indirect Calorimetry (IC) in Weight-Reduction Interventions -- 11.4 Thyroid Hormones and Energy Expenditure -- 11.5 The Role of Indirect Calorimetry (IC) in the Treatment of Overt Thyroid Dysfunction -- 11.6 The Role of Indirect Calorimetry (IC) in the Treatment of Subclinical Thyroid Disease -- References -- Chapter 12: Muscle Tissue in Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism -- 12.1 Skeletal Muscle Physiology -- 12.2 Thyroid Hormones and Muscle Tissue -- 12.3 Hypothyroidism and Muscle Tissue -- 12.4 Hyperthyroidism and Muscle Tissue -- References. ; Chapter 13: Thyroid Function and Effects on Cardiovascular System -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 TH and Hyperlipidemia -- 13.2.1 TH, Vasculature, and Blood Pressure -- 13.2.2 TH and Thrombogenesis -- 13.3 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Action -- 13.3.1 Responses Dependent on T3 Binding to Thyroid Receptors (TRs) Localized in the Nucleus (Genomic Effects) -- 13.3.2 Signaling through TRs Localized in the Cytoplasm or Associated with the Plasma Membrane (Non-genomic Effects Impacting on Transmembrane and Intracellular Ion Flux) -- 13.4 Cardiovascular Consequences of Overt Hyperthyroidism (OHyper) and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (SHyper) -- 13.4.1 SHyper -- 13.4.2 Treatment of OHyper and SHyper -- 13.5 Cardiovascular Consequences of Overt Hypothyroidism (OHypo) and Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SHypo) -- 13.5.1 SHypo -- 13.5.2 Treatment of OHypo and SHypo -- 13.6 TH and Cardiovascular Consequences of Heart Failure (Low T3 Syndrome) -- References -- Chapter 14: Obesity, Adipokines and Thyroid Dysfunction -- 14.1 Obesity and Adipose Tissue -- 14.2 Adipokines -- 14.2.1 Leptin -- 14.2.2 Adiponectin -- 14.2.3 Resistin -- 14.2.4 Vaspin -- 14.2.5 Visfatin -- 14.3 Adipokines and Thyroid Dysfunction in Humans -- 14.3.1 Thyroiditis -- 14.3.2 Hypothyroidism -- 14.3.3 Hyperthyroidism -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Adipokines and Thyroid Malignancies -- 15.1 Thyroid Cancer -- 15.1.1 Epidemiology, Histological Classification, and Molecular Alterations -- 15.1.2 Diagnosis, Treatments, and Follow-Up -- 15.2 Thyroid Cancer: Association with Adipokines and Metabolism -- 15.2.1 Insulin -- 15.2.2 Adipokines -- References -- Part IV: Clinical Cases -- Chapter 16: Clinical Cases -- 16.1 Clinical Case 1 -- 16.2 Clinical Case 2 -- 16.3 Clinical Case 3 -- References.
• Titolo autorizzato: Thyroid, obesity and metabolism
• ISBN: 3-030-80267-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910495220503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II