Pigments, pigment cells and pigment patterns / / edited by Hisashi Hashimoto [and three others]

• Pubblicazione: Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (475 pages)
• Disciplina: 572.59
• Soggetto topico: Pigments (Biology); Pigments (Biologia)
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): HashimotoHisashi
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Pigments and Pigment Organelles -- Chapter 1: Pigments in Insects -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Melanins -- 1.2.1 Melanin Synthesis Pathway in Insects -- 1.2.2 Melanin Pigments for Insect Color Pattern -- 1.2.3 Application of Melanin Synthesis Gene to Transgenic Marker -- 1.3 Ommochromes -- 1.3.1 Types and Characteristics of Ommochromes -- 1.3.2 Color Change by Ommochrome Pigments -- 1.3.3 Genes Involved in Ommochrome Synthesis and Transport -- 1.3.4 Novel Ommochrome-Related Genes Discovered from the Silkworm -- 1.3.5 Ommochrome-Related Genes Involved in Butterfly Wing Patterns -- 1.4 Pteridines -- 1.4.1 Characteristics of Pteridines -- 1.4.2 Pteridine Pigments for Insect Color Pattern -- 1.4.3 Genes Involved in Pteridine Synthesis and Transport -- 1.5 Other Pigments -- 1.5.1 Tetrapyrroles -- 1.5.2 Carotenoids -- 1.5.3 Flavonoids -- 1.5.4 Papiliochromes -- 1.5.5 Quinones -- 1.6 Pigment-Associated Structural Coloration -- 1.7 Genes Involved in the Insect Color Patterning -- 1.8 Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 2: Melanins in Vertebrates -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biochemical Pathway for the Production of EM, PM, and NM -- 2.3 Microanalytical Application with the Chemical Degradation of Melanin -- 2.4 Hair Color -- 2.5 Human Skin -- 2.6 Bird Feathers -- 2.7 Fish, Reptiles, and Amphibians -- 2.8 Internal Melanin in Vertebrates -- 2.9 Melanin in Fossil Animals -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Body Color Expression in Birds -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanism of Feather Color Expression -- 3.2.1 Regulation of the Melanization Disclosed from Genetic Traits -- 3.2.2 Accumulation of Pigments Other Than Melanin -- 3.3 The Propositions for the Concept of Pigment Cells -- References -- Chapter 4: Pigments in Teleosts and their Biosynthesis. ; 4.1 De Novo Purine Synthesis Is Indispensable for Embryonic Pigmentation -- 4.2 Melanophore Pigment and Mutants -- 4.3 Iridophore Pigments and Mutants -- 4.4 Xanthophore/Erythrophores Pigments and Mutants -- 4.4.1 Pteridine Synthesis -- 4.4.2 Carotenoids -- 4.4.3 Pigment Shift from Pteridines to Carotenoids -- 4.5 Leucophore Pigments and Mutant -- 4.6 Genetic Ablation of Pigment Cells from the Body Wall in Medaka and Zebrafish -- References -- Chapter 5: Bioluminescence and Pigments -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pigments in Bioluminescent Tissues -- 5.2.1 Light Shields -- 5.2.2 Colored Filters -- 5.2.3 Reflection -- 5.2.4 Fluorescence -- 5.3 Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Pigment Cell and Patterned Pigmentation -- Chapter 6: Development of Melanin-Bearing Pigment Cells in Birds and Mammals -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Development of Melanoblasts from the Neural Crest -- 6.3 The Development of Melanocytes and Colonization of the Skin and Hair Follicles -- 6.4 The Development of Melanocytes in Feather Buds and Follicles -- 6.5 The Interplay Between Signaling Pathways and Transcription Regulation During Development of Neural Crest-Derived Melanocyt... -- 6.6 The Development of RPE Cells -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Pigment Cell Development in Teleosts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pigment Cell-Types Identified in Fish -- 7.2.1 Diversity of Pigment Cells in Poikilotherms (see Sect. 13.1.1) -- 7.2.2 Melanophore -- 7.2.3 Xanthophore and Erythrophore -- 7.2.4 Iridophore and Leucophore: Light Reflecting Chromatophores -- 7.2.5 Cyanophore -- 7.2.6 Dichromatic Chromatophores (Mosaic Pigment Cells) -- 7.3 Embryonic/Larval Pigment Cells and Adult Pigment Stem Cells -- 7.3.1 Development of Embryonic/Larval Pigment Cells -- 7.4 Origin of Skin Pigment Cells -- 7.4.1 Concepts of Stem Cells. ; 7.4.2 Cell Migration of Embryonic/Larval Pigment Cells -- 7.5 Genetic Regulation of Pigment Cell Development from NC -- 7.5.1 Intrinsic and Extracellular Factors -- 7.5.2 The Genetics of Embryonic/Larval Pigment Cell Development -- Chromatoblast (Cbl) Formation -- Melanophore Lineage -- Iridophore Lineage -- Xanthophore Lineage -- 7.5.3 Roles of Intrinsic Factors -- Tfap2a, Tfap2c and Tfap2e -- Foxd3 -- Tfec -- Mitfa -- Sox10, Sox9b -- Sox5 -- Pax3/7 -- Hdac1 -- Gbx2 -- 7.5.4 Extrinsic Signals -- Wnt Signaling -- Kit Signaling -- fms/panther Signalling -- Ltk Signaling -- 7.5.5 Pigmentation Genes (see Chap. 4 for detailed function) -- dct, tyr, tyrp1: Melanophore Markers -- gch, xdh: Xanthophore Markers -- pnp4a: An Iridophore Marker -- 7.5.6 Modeling of the Pigment Cell Gene Regulatory Network -- 7.6 Pigment Cells as an Evolutionary Novelty -- 7.6.1 Medaka Leucophore -- 7.6.2 Zebrafish Leucophores -- 7.6.3 Arabian Killifish Leucophores -- References -- Chapter 8: Pigment Patterning in Teleosts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Pigment Pattern Formation of Adult Zebrafish -- 8.2.1 The Composition of the Adult Striped Pattern -- 8.2.2 Adult Zebrafish Pattern Development -- Developmental Staging -- 8.2.3 Adult Zebrafish Pigment Stem Cells and their Niche -- Adult Pattern Development -- 8.3 Genetics of Pigment Pattern Formation in Zebrafish -- 8.3.1 The Initial Iridophore Interstripe Provides a Morphological Landmark for Pattern Development -- 8.3.2 All Three Pigment Cell-Types Are Required to Generate the Adult Pigment Pattern -- No Iridophores (ltk/shady) -- No Xanthophores (csf1a/c-fms/fms/panther/pfeffer/salz) -- No Melanophores (mitfa/nacre) -- Double Mutants of shd, nac, and pfe -- 8.3.3 Regulation of Cellular Processes -- Thyroid Hormone -- 8.3.4 Reduced Iridophores in the Adult -- Alkal2a -- Alkal2b -- Ednrb1/Ednrb1a/Rse -- Edn3 -- Mpv17/Tra/tra. ; 8.3.5 Genes Affecting the Pigment Cell Environment -- Bnc2 -- Ece2/Kar -- Somatolactin -- 8.3.6 Genes Required for Early Metamorphic Melanophores -- kit/spa and kitla/slk -- 8.3.7 Genes Required for Metamorphic Chromatophore Development -- tuba8l3/puma -- erbb3b/picasso -- 8.3.8 Genes Relating to Cell Shape -- bace2/wanderlust -- 8.4 Cell Communication During Pattern Development -- 8.4.1 Cell-Studies into Cell Communication -- Melanophore-Melanophore Interactions -- Xanthophore-Xanthophore Interactions -- Xanthophore-Melanophore Interactions -- Xanthoblast-Melanophore Interaction -- Iridophore-Melanophore Interactions -- Iridophore-Xanthophore Interactions -- 8.4.2 Ablation Studies to Assess Cell-Cell Communication -- Melanophore-Melanophore Interactions -- Melanophore-Xanthophore Interactions -- Iridophore-Xanthophore Interactions -- 8.4.3 Genetic Studies into Cell Communication -- cx41.8/leo -- Ccx39.4/luc -- igsf11/utr15e1/seu -- tjp1a/sbr -- kir 7.1/jag/obe -- tspan3c/dali -- srm/idefix -- Potential Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Pigment Cell Interactions -- 8.5 Pigment Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Fins -- 8.5.1 Dhrsx/Pyewacket -- 8.6 Dorsal Ventral Countershading -- 8.6.1 Scale Development -- 8.6.2 Genes Relating to Dorso-Ventral Countershading (DVC) -- Agouti Signaling -- Melanocortin Receptors -- MSH and MCH -- Suggested Molecular Mechanisms -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Theoretical Studies of Pigment Pattern Formation -- 9.1 Turing´s Reaction-Diffusion System -- 9.2 Activator-Inhibitor Model -- 9.3 Application to Pattern Formation in Real Organisms -- 9.4 The Kernel-Based Turing Model -- 9.5 The Agent-Based Model -- 9.6 Connecting Mathematical Models and Molecular Biology -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Evolution of Pigment Pattern Formation in Teleosts -- 10.1 Introduction. ; 10.2 Pigment Pattern Function -- 10.3 Chromatophores: Development and Pattern Formation -- 10.3.1 Chromatophores and Pigmentation of Early Larvae -- 10.3.2 Adult Pigment Pattern Formation and Developmental Features that May Contribute to Evolutionary Lability of Pattern -- 10.4 Evolution of Teleost Pigment Cells and Patterns -- 10.4.1 Changes Within Pigment Cell Lineages Underlying Adult Pattern Evolution -- 10.4.2 Role of Tissue Environment in Pattern Evolution -- 10.4.3 Heterochrony and Heterotopy as Factors in Diversification -- 10.4.4 Convergence and Parallelism in Phenotype Evolutions -- 10.4.5 Breaking Phenotypes by Regressive Evolution -- 10.4.6 Genome Duplication and the Evolution of Novelty -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Mechanisms of Feather Structural Coloration and Pattern Formation in Birds -- 11.1 Mechanisms of Structural Coloration in Birds -- 11.1.1 Introduction -- 11.1.2 Basic Mechanisms of Structural Coloration -- 11.1.3 Color-Causing Microstructures in Bird Feathers -- Thin-Layer Interference Microstructures -- Melanin Granule Microstructures -- Amorphous Network Microstructures -- 11.1.4 Other Important Factors in Avian Feather Coloration -- 11.1.5 Concluding Remarks -- 11.2 Feather Pattern Formation in Birds -- 11.2.1 Examples of Complicated Feather Patterns: Pheasant -- 11.2.2 Another Example of Complicated Feather Patterns: Jaybird -- 11.2.3 Mechanism of Feather and Body Pattern Formation with Dietary Pigments and Structural Color -- 11.2.4 Body Colors and Patterns in Birds as a Survival Strategy -- 11.2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: Mechanism of Color Pattern Formation in Insects -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Genes That Control Color Patterns of Drosophila -- 12.3 Color Pattern Formation on Butterfly Wings -- 12.4 Cis-Regulatory Elements That Control Color Pattern Formation. ; 12.5 Theoretical Models for Insect Color Pattern Formation.
• Titolo autorizzato: Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns
• ISBN: 981-16-1490-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910490025403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II