Cardiovascular responses to exercise / / Lusha Xiang and Robert L. Hester

• Autore: Xiang Lusha
• Pubblicazione: [San Rafael, California] : , : Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, , 2017; ©2017
• Edizione: Second edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (135 pages) : color illustrations
• Disciplina: 612.1
• Soggetto topico: Cardiovascular system; Exercise - Physiological aspects
• Persona (resp. second.): HesterRobert L.
• Note generali: Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: 1. Capillary perfusion in skeletal muscle during exercise -- 1.1 Capillary perfusion at rest -- 1.1.1 Capillary vasomotion -- 1.1.2 Microcirculatory units -- 1.2 Regulation of capillary perfusion during exercise -- 1.2.1 Capillary perfusion during exercise -- 1.2.2 Factors determining capillary perfusion -- 1.3 Oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle during exercise -- 1.3.1 Oxygen gradient -- 1.3.2 Bohr effect -- 1.3.3 Oxygen deficient at onset of exercise -- ; 2. Local control of arteriolar diameter and blood flow during exercise -- 2.1 Increased blood flow during exercise (functional hyperemia) -- 2.2 Blood flow control at the onset of exercise (phase I) -- 2.2.1 Oxygen delivery at the onset of exercise -- 2.2.2 Functional vasodilation and blood flow control at the onset of exercise -- 2.2.2.1 Muscle pump -- 2.2.2.2 Neurogenic vasodilation in skeletal muscle -- 2.2.3 Metabolic control (potassium) -- 2.2.4 Flow-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3 Blood flow control during steady-state dynamic exercise (phase II) -- 2.3.1 Metabolite control -- 2.3.1.1 Potassium -- 2.3.1.2 Oxygen -- 2.3.1.3 Hydrogen ion -- 2.3.1.4 Lactate -- 2.3.1.5 Adenosine -- 2.3.1.6 ATP -- 2.3.2 Endothelium-dependent vasoactive metabolites -- 2.3.2.1 Nitric oxide -- 2.3.2.2 Prostanoids -- 2.3.2.3 Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors -- 2.3.3 Venular-arteriolar diffusion -- 2.3.3.1 Anatomy and "communication" of paired vessels -- 2.3.3.2 Regulation of arteriolar tone by paired venular endothelium-derived factors during exercise -- 2.3.3.3 Regulation of arteriolar tone by paired venular blood PO2 during exercise -- 2.3.3.4 Low venular PO2 and resultant increased ATP-induced production of prostanoids -- 2.3.4 Flow-mediated and conducted vasodilation -- 2.3.4.1 Flow-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3.4.2 Conducted vasodilation -- 2.3.5 Neural control of functional vasodilation -- 2.3.5.1 Motor nerve-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3.5.2 Vascular adrenoreceptors -- 2.3.5.3 Sympathetic escape -- ; 3. Systemic control of cardiovascular response to exercise -- 3.1 Neural control mechanisms -- 3.1.1 Central command -- 3.1.2 Exercise pressor reflex -- 3.1.3 Baroreflex -- 3.2 Cardiac responses to exercise -- 3.2.1 Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in heart -- 3.2.2 Heart rate -- 3.2.3 Stroke volume -- 3.2.4 Cardiac output -- 3.2.5 Cardiac muscle blood flow -- 3.3 Pulmonary hemodynamics in response to exercise -- 3.3.1. Pulmonary vessels, circulation, and gas exchange -- 3.3.1.1 Basic characteristics of pulmonary circulation -- 3.3.1.2 Pulmonary gas exchange -- 3.3.2. Pulmonary hemodynamic and oxygen kinetic responses during exercise -- 3.3.2.1 Pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise -- 3.3.2.2 Lung oxygen uptake and blood gases during exercise -- 3.3.2.3 Right ventricle and exercise capability -- 3.4 Systemic hemodynamic responses to exercise -- 3.4.1 Brain blood flow during exercise -- 3.4.2 Renal blood flow during exercise -- 3.4.2.1 Regulation of renal blood flow and urine output under rest conditions -- 3.4.2.2 Regulation of renal blood flow and urine output during exercise -- ; 4. Cardiovascular response to exercise under pathological conditions -- 4.1 Obesity and diabetics -- 4.1.1 Impaired local blood flow in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.1 Microvascular rarefaction in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.2 Impaired local control of functional vasodilation in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.3 Basal arteriolar tone and vascular remodeling in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.2 Impaired systemic control of cardiovascular response to exercise -- 4.1.2.1 Exercise presser reflex -- 4.1.2.2 Baroreflex resetting -- 4.1.2.3 Central command -- 4.1.2.4 Systemic hemodynamic responses -- 4.2 Other pathologic conditions -- 4.2.1 Coronary insufficiency and heart failure -- 4.2.1.1 Coronary insufficiency -- 4.2.1.2 Heart failure -- 4.2.2 McArdle's disease -- ; References -- Author biography.
• Sommario/riassunto: Exercise is the act of increasing metabolic rate for the purpose of enhancing physical fitness. Exercise can be one of the most stressful physiological responses that the body undertakes. With exercise, there are increases in metabolic rate, heart rate, blood flow (hyperemia), respiration, and heat production. The increased metabolic requirement during exercise is well met by an increased blood flow (functional hyperemia) and oxygen supply to the exercising tissue, which is regulated by multiple local and systemic mechanisms. The local mechanisms (factors) are responsible for mediating the muscle homeostasis and vascular conductance to match the increased metabolic requirement, whereas the systemic mechanisms are responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure and global cardiovascular homeostasis, including the increase in and redistribution of cardiac output, which is mainly mediated by sympathetic activation. For instance, the substantial decreases in vascular resistance and resultant large increase in blood flow during exercise require higher blood pressure and more cardiac output, such that the metabolically active muscle can be perfused with adequate blood flow. This book will provide an overview of the cardiovascular responses to exercise under physiological conditions as well as some pathological circumstances.
• Titolo autorizzato: Cardiovascular responses to exercise
• ISBN: 1-61504-727-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910155576003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.; Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; ; # 70. . 2154-5626