Reforming infrastructure : privatization, regulation, and competition

• Autore: Kessides Ioannis Nicolaos
• Pubblicazione: Washington, DC, : World Bank; [Ne York, NY.], : Oxford University Press, ©2004
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: xv, 306 pages : illustrations ; ; 24 cm
• Disciplina: 363.6
• Soggetto topico: Public utilities; Privatization; Public utilities - Government policy; Infrastructure (Economics)
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-306).
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- The Report Team -- Executive Summary -- State-owned Monopolies Often Exhibited Poor Performance ... -- . . .Leading to a New Model for Financing and Providing Infrastructure -- The New Model Poses Risks-But Also Holds Considerable Promise -- What Effects Have Reforms Had? -- Developing Good Regulation Remains a Major Challenge -- Many Prices and Subsidies Still Require Reform -- An Agenda for Action-From Institution Building to Policymaking -- 1. The New Paradigm for Network Utilities -- Why Are Network Utilities So Important? -- From State to Market-Changing Views on Utilities -- The Dawn of a New Utility Model -- Framework for Assessing Reforms and Regulations -- Recent Experiences with Privatization and Reform-Promises and Perils -- Second Generation Reforms-Choices and Challenges -- 2. Crafting Regulation for Privatized Infrastructure -- The Emergence of Post-Privatization Regulation -- The Evolution and Elements of Effective Regulation -- The Structure of Regulatory Institutions -- The Importance of Regulatory Commitment -- Getting the Economics Right -- Mechanisms to Regulate Prices -- Moving toward More Practical Regulation -- 3. Restructuring Electricity Supply -- Background to Electricity Reform -- Addressing the Problems of State Ownership -- Regulatory Challenges -- Reform Experiences and Lessons -- 4. Managing Private Participation in Transportation -- Railroads: Restructuring Regulation for the Public Interest -- Ports: Alternatives for Organizing a Multiproduct Activity -- 5. Reforming the Water Sector -- Economics of Water Supply -- Options for Competition and Market Structure -- Choosing Regulation -- Reform Experiences and Lessons -- 6. An Agenda for Action -- Assessing Reform's Effects on Performance and Distribution -- Pricing Reform-Balancing Efficiency and Equity. ; Facilitating Access to Bottleneck Facilities -- References -- Boxes -- 1.1 Milestones in Infrastructure Reform in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union -- 1.2 The Technological Revolution in Telecommunications -- 1.3 Power Generation in Brazil Shows That Privatization Is Not Always the Best Approach -- 1.4 Disadvantages of Vertical Separation -- 1.5 Prerequisites for Effective Privatization -- 1.6 Using Competition Policy to Avoid Regulatory Capture -- 1.7 Telmex's Market Power in the Internet Market -- 1.8 Consumer Participation in Colombia's Rulemaking -- 2.1 Regulation in Argentina-Repeating U.S. Mistakes -- 2.2 Recent Shortcomings and Achievements in Infrastructure Regulation -- 2.3 Decentralized Water Services in Mexico and Morocco -- 2.4 Latvia's Public Utilities Regulation Commission -- 2.5 Examples of Allegedly Opportunistic Government Behavior -- 2.6 Regulatory Rigidity in Chile -- 2.7 Cost-Plus Mechanisms -- 2.8 Price Constraints Imposed by Price Cap Plans -- 2.9 Hybrid Regulatory Mechanisms -- 2.10 African Cooperation on Telecommunications Regulation -- 3.1 Rationale for Structural Integration of the Electricity Industry -- 3.2 Power Shortages in the Philippines -- 3.3 Opening the Electricity Market-Photovoltaic Systems in Kenya -- 3.4 Underpricing Undermines Electricity Expansion in Zimbabwe -- 3.5 Stranded Power Purchase Agreements in Poland -- 3.6 Lessons from California's Experience -- 4.1 Limited Rail Options Result in Captive Shippers -- 4.2 Examples of Port Services -- 4.3 Organizational Structures of Ports -- 5.1 Water Systems in Small African Towns and Rural Areas -- 5.2 Problems with Service Contracts in Mexico City -- 5.3 Private Sector Transactions in Water and Sanitation -- 5.4 Objectives of Water Tariff Design -- 5.5 An Aborted Attempt at Water Concessioning in Atlanta, Georgia. ; 5.6 Creative Management of South Africa's Commitment to Free Water -- 5.7 Making New Connections Affordable in Buenos Aires -- 5.8 Adapting Quality Standards to Permit Extensions of Low-cost Service in El Alto -- 5.9 Providing Incentives to Extend Service in Côte d'Ivoire -- 6.1 The World Bank Wonders about Utility Privatizations -- 6.2 The Need for Data on Infrastructure Reform -- 6.3 Criteria for Designing Subsidies -- 6.4 Picking Apart Cross-Subsidies -- Figures -- 1 In 1990-2001, Latin America and East Asia Received the Most Private Investment in Infrastructure -- 2 Private Investment in Infrastructure in Developing and Transition Countries Peaked in 1997 -- 3 Privatized Services Have Increased Access to Safe Water in a Variety of Cities and Countries -- 4 In 1989-94, Privatization Contributed to Faster Growth in Phone Lines in Latin America -- 5 Railway Concessions Sharply Increased Labor Productivity in the 1990s -- 6 In 2000, Electricity Prices Covered a Small Fraction of Long-Run Marginal Costs in Many Transition Economies -- 1.1 Latin America and the Caribbean Has Led Developing Regions in Private Investment in Infrastructure, 1990-2001 -- 1.2 The Optimal Size of Power Generating Plants Has Shrunk -- 1.3 There Are Now More Mobile Phone Users Than Fixed Phone Lines -- 1.4 Latin Americans Increasingly Disapprove of Privatization -- 1.5 Privatization Has Led to Rapid Growth in Telecommunications Networks -- 1.6 Private Competition Generated the Fastest Growth in Telecommunications Lines in Latin America -- 1.7 Electricity Prices Often Fail to Cover Costs in Europe and Central Asia, 2000 -- 1.8 Despite Liberalization, Entrants into the Local Exchange Account for a Small Share of Latin American Telecom Markets, 2001 Second Quarter -- 2.1 Results from a Survey of Telecommunications Regulators, 2001. ; 2.2 Regulatory Indexes for Telecommunications in Latin America, 1980-97 -- 3.1 Vertical Integration in Electricity -- 3.2 Customers per Electricity Employee in Selected African Countries, 1998 -- 3.3 Projected Costs of Small-Scale Electricity Generation Technologies, 2000-15 -- 3.4 The Single-Buyer Model for Electricity -- 3.5 The Wholesale Competition Model for Electricity -- 3.6 Average Ratios of Household to Industrial Electricity Prices, 1990-99 -- 3.7 Types of Private Investment in Electricity, by Region, 1990-2001 -- 3.8 Top 20 Recipients of Private Investment in Electricity, 1990-99 -- 3.9 Post-Privatization Labor Productivity in Electricity Distribution in Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom -- 3.10 Energy Losses among Argentina's Distribution Companies, at Privatization and in 1999 -- 3.11 Electricity Coverage in Peru, 1986-97 -- 4.1 Railroad Freight in Transition Countries, 1988-2001 -- 4.2 Cumulative Investment in Rail Projects with Private Participation in Developing and Transition Countries, 1990-2001 -- 4.3 Performance of Class I U.S. Railroads, 1964-2000 -- 4.4 Rail Labor Productivity in Argentina, 1974-2000 -- 4.5 Cumulative Investment in Port Projects with Private Participation in Developing and Transition Countries, 1990-2001 -- 5.1 Winners and Losers before and after Adjustments to a Water Concession in Parana, Argentina -- 6.1 Telephone and Water Access in Urban and Rural Areas of Developing Regions, 1990s -- Tables -- 1.1 Private Investment in Infrastructure in Developing and Transition Economies, by Sector, 1990-2001 -- 1.2 Noncompetitive and Competitive Components of Network Industries -- 1.3 Exclusivity Periods for Incumbent Telecommunications Operators in Latin America -- 1.4 Access to Infrastructure Services in Urban and Rural Areas of Developing Regions, late 1990s. ; 1.5 Average Household Incomes and Energy Tariffs in Ukraine, 1992-98 -- 2.1 Ranking of Infrastructure Regulation in Asia, by Sector and Institutional Criteria, 1998 -- 2.2 Example of Infrastructure Concessions in Developing and Transition Economies -- 2.3 X factor Decisions in U.K. and U.S. Telecommunications Regulation, 1984-Present -- 2.4 Features of Rate of Return and Price Cap Regulation -- 3.1 Net Electricity Consumption in Industrial and Developing Countries, 1990-2020 -- 3.2 Options for the Structure of Electricity Markets -- 3.3 Cash Collection and Commercial Losses for Electricity Companies in Southeastern Europe, 2000 -- 3.4 Market Shares of the Three Largest Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Companies in Various Countries, 2000 -- 3.5 Electricity Reforms by Region, 1998 -- 3.6 Private Investment in Electricity by Region, 1990-99 -- 4.1 Market Structure and Ownership Options in Railroads, Various Countries, 2001 -- 4.2 Rail Freight Tariffs in the Initial Years of Concessions and in 1999, Various Countries -- 4.3 Operating Performance of Ports in Colombia before and after Reforms, 1993 and 1996 -- 5.1 Ratios of Prices Charged by Water Vendors and Public Utilities -- 5.2 Institutional Options for Water Supply -- 5.3 Initial Conditions and Reforms in Six Water Systems -- 5.4 Effects of Reforms on Access and Waste in Six Water Systems.
• Sommario/riassunto: Network utilities have a significant share in the national product and disproportionately influence its growth. These "infrastructure" industries - including electricity, telcommunications, transportation, gas and water - provide services that are critical to economic development and to improving the lives of poor people. This book focuses on infrastructure regulation that both promotes efficient markets and corrects for market failures. Each sector demands unique regulatory solutions that balance the goals of growth and efficiency with those of social equity and service access for the poorest. It explores the history of public utilities, the trend towards privatization and liberalization, and the ways in which fundamental principles of regulation can help navigate the promises and perils of service delivery.
• Titolo autorizzato: Reforming infrastructure
• ISBN: 9781280084669; 1280084669; 9780821350706; 0821350706; 9781417505340; 1417505346; 9786610084661; 6610084661
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910952284503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: World Bank policy research report.