Molecular Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

• Autore: Sobti Ranbir Chander
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (770 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.994075
• Soggetto topico: Early Detection of Cancer; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasms - diagnosis; Neoplasms - therapy
• Altri autori: SugimuraHaruhiko SobtiAastha
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Introduction -- References -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1: Molecular Biomarkers of Cancer and Their Diagnostic Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Advancement and Challenges in Cancer Biomarker Science -- 1.2.1 Specificity of the Biomarkers -- 1.2.2 Screening Strategies -- 1.2.3 Inheritance of Particular Cancer -- 1.2.4 Identification and Monitoring of Biomarkers -- 1.3 Clinical Implications of Various Cancer Biomarkers -- 1.3.1 DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Cancer Biomarker -- 1.3.2 Noncoding RNAs (MicroRNAs) as Cancer Biomarkers -- 1.3.3 Protein Biomarkers in various cancers -- 1.3.4 Fusion Genes in Cancer Diagnostics -- 1.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2: Statistical Models in Cancer Management -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Markov Framework Model for Cancer Screening -- 2.3 Analytical Models -- 2.4 The Standardized Regression Model in Cancer -- 2.5 Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) -- 2.6 PARADIGM -- 2.6.1 Generalized Diagram of Working of PARADIGM -- 2.7 Logistic Model -- 2.8 Cox Survival Model -- 2.9 Continuous Growth Model -- 2.10 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Cancer: Epidemiology, Racial, and Geographical Disparities -- 3.1 Epidemiology -- 3.1.1 Cancer and Age Group -- 3.1.2 Cancer and Gender -- 3.1.3 Cancer Type and Risk Factor -- 3.1.4 Cancer and Sex Ratio -- 3.1.5 Cancer and Mortality Rate -- 3.2 Racial Disparities -- 3.3 Geographical Disparities -- 3.3.1 Lung and Bronchus -- 3.3.2 Colon and Rectum -- 3.3.3 Female Breast -- 3.3.4 Prostate -- 3.3.5 Stomach -- 3.3.6 Liver -- 3.3.7 Oesophagus -- 3.3.8 Cervix Uteri -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Protein Markers in the Detection of Cancer -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Tumor Markers Used in Cancer -- 4.1.1.1 Two Types of Tumor Markers Are Used Clinically -- 4.2 Circulating Tumor Markers -- 4.3 Tumor Tissue Markers. ; 4.3.1 Some Important Tumor Markers Are Currently Being Used for Detection of Cancer -- 4.3.2 Proteomic Signatures of Cancer -- 4.3.3 Heat Shock Proteins -- 4.3.4 Carcino Embryonic Antigen -- 4.3.5 Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 -- 4.3.6 Enzymes -- 4.3.7 MiRNAs -- 4.3.8 Cytokines -- 4.3.9 Chemokines -- 4.3.10 Stem Cell Associated Markers -- 4.3.10.1 Test Routinely Used for Cancer Detection -- 4.3.11 Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) -- 4.3.12 Liquid Biopsy Based Assays Test -- 4.3.12.1 Future Prospective of Protein Markers in Cancer Treatment -- References -- 5: Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Early Detection of Malignant Tissues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 CAD for Different Types of Cancers -- 5.2.1 Prostate Cancer -- 5.2.2 Cervical Cancer -- 5.2.3 Pancreatic Cancer -- 5.2.4 Colon Polyps -- 5.2.5 Kidney -- 5.2.6 Skin Cancer -- 5.2.7 Breast Cancer -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Molecular Mechanisms of Oncogenesis -- 6.1 Oncogenesis: A Multistep Process -- 6.1.1 Cell-Cycle Dysregulation -- 6.1.2 Alteration in Apoptosis, Senescence, and Cell Growth Arrest -- 6.1.3 Autonomous to Growth Factors Signaling -- 6.1.4 Metastasis and Invasion -- 6.2 Factors Triggering Oncogenesis -- 6.2.1 Carcinogenic Chemicals -- 6.2.2 Ionizing and Ultraviolet Radiation -- 6.2.3 Oncogenic Viruses -- 6.2.4 The Tumor Microenvironment -- 6.2.5 Chemotherapeutic Agents -- 6.2.6 Tumor Promoters -- 6.3 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Process of Oncogenesis -- 6.3.1 Activation of Oncogenes -- 6.3.2 Inactivation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes -- 6.3.3 Epigenetic Alterations -- 6.3.4 OncomiR (microRNA Genes) -- 6.3.5 Mutations in DNA Repair Genes/Genomic Stability Genes -- 6.3.6 Defects in Cell-Cycle Regulation -- References -- 7: Application of CRISPR in Cancer Research and Treatment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 CRISPR/Cas9 in Cancer Research. ; 7.2.1 Generation of Cancer Models -- 7.2.2 Target Discovery and Validation in Oncology -- 7.3 CRISPR/Cas9 for Diagnostics -- 7.4 Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Cancer Treatment -- 7.4.1 CRISPR/Cas9 System in CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy -- 7.4.2 CRISPR/Cas9 for Inhibition of Immune Checkpoint Signaling -- 7.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 8: Nanobiosensing Platforms for Early Detection of Cancer -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Conventional Methods of Cancer Detection and Challenges -- 8.3 Biomarkers for Cancer Detection -- 8.3.1 Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor Platforms for Cancer Detection -- 8.4 Gold Nanoparticle-Based Biosensing Probe for Cancer Detection -- 8.5 Carbon-Based Nanobiosensors -- 8.6 Quantum Dot-Based Cancer Biosensing and Bioimaging Platform -- 8.6.1 Nanoparticle-Based Multiplexed Biosensing Assay -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Bionanotechnological Strategies and Tools for Cancer Prediction, Prevention and Therapy -- 9.1 Cancer Burden and Impact -- 9.2 Oral Cancer and Burden -- 9.2.1 Oral Cancer: Screening Accuracy, Efficacy and Harms -- 9.2.2 Oral Cancer: Role of Nanotechnology -- 9.2.3 Clinical Diagnosis: Oral Cancer -- 9.2.4 Management: Oral Cancer -- 9.2.5 Economics of Nano Strategies: Oral Cancer -- 9.3 Colon Cancer and Burden -- 9.3.1 Colon Cancer: Screening Accuracy, Efficacy and Harms -- 9.3.2 Colon Cancer: Role of Nanotechnology -- 9.3.3 Clinical Diagnosis: Colon Cancer -- 9.3.4 Management: Colon Cancer -- 9.3.5 Economics of Nano Strategies: Colon Cancer -- 9.4 Challenges in Bionanotechnological Interventions -- 9.5 Way Forward -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Central Nervous System Tumors -- 10.1 Part I: Gliomas -- 10.1.1 Background -- 10.1.2 Anatomical Location -- 10.1.3 Epidemiology -- 10.1.4 Clinical Presentation -- 10.1.5 History and Physical Examination -- 10.1.6 Investigations. ; 10.1.6.1 MR Spectroscopy -- 10.1.6.2 PET-CT Scan -- 10.1.7 Risk Factors -- 10.1.7.1 Environmental Factors -- 10.1.7.2 Hereditary Factors -- 10.1.8 Histology -- 10.1.9 Management -- 10.1.9.1 Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG) -- 10.1.9.1.1 Surgery -- Circumscribed Low-Grade Gliomas -- Infiltrative or Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas -- 10.1.9.1.2 Radiotherapy (RT) -- Adjuvant Radiotherapy Alone -- Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy -- Dose/Fractionation -- Advanced Radiotherapy Modalities -- 10.1.10 Anaplastic Gliomas -- 10.1.11 Anaplastic Astrocytomas -- 10.1.12 Anaplastic Oligodendroglial Tumors -- 10.1.13 Grade IV Glial Tumors -- 10.1.14 Immunotherapy -- 10.1.15 Tumor Treating Fields -- 10.1.16 Elderly Patients with GBM -- 10.1.17 Pseudoprogression in Glioma -- 10.1.18 Recurrent Malignant Gliomas -- 10.1.18.1 Surgery -- 10.1.18.2 Reirradiation -- 10.1.18.2.1 Brachytherapy -- 10.1.18.2.2 Radiosurgery -- 10.1.18.2.3 Fractionated EBRT -- 10.1.18.2.4 Systemic Therapy -- 10.1.19 Irradiation Techniques and Toxicities -- 10.1.20 Toxicities of Radiotherapy -- 10.1.21 Radiotherapy for Grade III Gliomas -- 10.2 Part II: Other CNS Tumors -- 10.2.1 Meningioma -- 10.2.2 Clinical Features -- 10.2.3 Radiological Features -- 10.2.4 Histopathology -- 10.2.5 Management -- 10.2.6 Primitive Neuroectodermal (PNET) Tumors -- 10.2.7 Treatment -- 10.2.8 Vestibular Schwannoma -- 10.2.9 Pituitary Adenoma -- 10.2.10 Craniopharyngioma -- 10.2.11 Glomus Jugulare -- 10.2.12 Pineal Region Tumors -- 10.2.13 Ependymoma -- 10.2.14 Metastases -- References -- 11: Biomedical Approaches in the Research and Management of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Risk Factors for the Development of HNSCC -- 11.3 Overview of HNSCC Tumorigenesis and Biology -- 11.4 miRNA Deregulation in HNSCC and Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies -- 11.5 Machine-Learning (ML) Techniques. ; 11.6 Raman Spectroscopy (RS) -- 11.7 Organoid Models (Three-Dimensional [3D] Cancer Cell Cultures) -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- 12: Applications of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Advances in Ocular Oncology -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Retinoblastoma -- 12.2.1 Introduction -- 12.2.2 Genetics -- 12.2.3 Genomic Landscape in Retinoblastoma -- 12.2.4 Etiopathogenesis -- 12.2.5 Cell of Origin -- 12.2.6 Development of Three-Dimensional Organoid Models -- 12.2.7 Techniques to Test RB1 Mutations -- 12.2.8 New Heritable Marker in Retinoblastoma: p16INK4a -- 12.2.9 Surging Potential of Liquid Biopsy -- 12.2.10 Oncolytic Virus VCN-01: A New Ray of Hope in RB Treatment -- 12.2.11 Role of Negative Transcriptional Regulators: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) -- 12.2.11.1 Introduction -- 12.2.11.2 miRNAs in Retinoblastoma -- 12.2.12 p53 in Peripheral Blood of RB Patients as a Biomarker -- 12.2.13 Novel Targets for RB Treatment -- 12.2.14 Noncoding RNAs in RB -- 12.2.15 Prenatal Diagnostic Testing -- 12.2.16 Autofluorescence in RB -- 12.2.17 PDT for RB In Vitro Studies -- 12.2.18 Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinoblastoma -- 12.2.19 Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in RB -- 12.3 Uveal Melanoma -- 12.3.1 Introduction -- 12.3.2 Genetics of Uveal Melanoma -- 12.3.2.1 Genetic Prognostic Tests -- 12.3.3 Current Innovative Therapeutic Options for Metastatic Tumors -- 12.3.3.1 Targeted Therapy -- 12.3.3.2 Immunotherapy -- 12.3.3.2.1 Checkpoint Inhibitors -- 12.3.3.2.2 Innovative Immune-Based Approaches -- 12.3.3.2.3 Epigenetic Approach -- 12.3.4 Conclusion -- 12.4 Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma -- 12.4.1 Introduction -- 12.4.2 Genetics of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma -- 12.4.3 Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma -- 12.4.4 Advances in the Treatment of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Molecular Biomarkers of Oral Cancer. ; 13.1 Introduction.
• Titolo autorizzato: Molecular Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
• ISBN: 9789819937462
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910869175103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II